Rhinella
Encyclopedia
Rhinella is a subgenus of Bufo (treated by some as a distinct genus) containing 71 species of true toad
s native to Neotropical Central
and South America
. Originally, all Rhinella species were included in the genus Bufo
, then they were split into Chaunus and Rhamphophryne. Chaparro, Pramuk, and Gluesenkamp (2007) placed Chaunus and Rhamphophryne into the synonymy of Rhinella (see Herpetologica, 63: 211). Other authors (e.g., Pauly, Hillis, and Cannatella, 2004; see References) continue to include Rhinella as a subgroup with the genus Bufo.
True toad
Bufonidae is the family of the true toads, members of the order Anura . They are the only family of anurans all members of which are known as "toads." The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the most widespread and well known.-Characteristics:True toads are widespread and occur...
s native to Neotropical Central
Central America
Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. It is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast. When considered part of the unified continental model, it is considered a subcontinent...
and South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
. Originally, all Rhinella species were included in the genus Bufo
Bufo
Bufo is a large genus of about 150 species of true toads in the amphibian family Bufonidae. Bufo is a Latin word for toad.- Description :...
, then they were split into Chaunus and Rhamphophryne. Chaparro, Pramuk, and Gluesenkamp (2007) placed Chaunus and Rhamphophryne into the synonymy of Rhinella (see Herpetologica, 63: 211). Other authors (e.g., Pauly, Hillis, and Cannatella, 2004; see References) continue to include Rhinella as a subgroup with the genus Bufo.
Species
Note: Species below are shown as species of Rhinella, but are treated as species of Bufo by many authors.| Binomial Name and Author | Common Name |
|---|---|
| Rhinella abei | |
| Rhinella achalensis | Cordoba Toad |
| Rhinella achavali | |
| Rhinella acrolopha Rhamphophryne acrolopha Rhamphophryne acrolopha is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family.It is found in Colombia and Panama.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes.It is threatened by habitat loss.... |
Cerro Mali Beaked Toad |
| Rhinella acutirostris | |
| Rhinella alatus | |
| Rhinella amabilis | |
| Rhinella amboroensis | Cochabamba Toad |
| Rhinella arborescandens | Mendoza Pass Toad |
| Rhinella arenarum | Common Toad; Argentine Toad |
| Rhinella arequipensis | Rio Chili Toad |
| Rhinella arunco | Arunco; Concepcion Toad |
| Rhinella atacamensis | Vallenar Toad; Atacama Toad |
| Rhinella beebei | Rivero's Toad |
| Rhinella bergi | |
| Rhinella castaneoticus Bufo castaneoticus Bufo castaneoticus is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family.It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, and Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and intermittent freshwater marshes.-References:... |
Para Toad |
| Rhinella ceratophrys | Horned Toad |
| Rhinella chavin Bufo chavin Chaunus chavin is a newly described species of Toad endemic to Peru. It is listed as a critical endangered species due to a restricted range caused by habitat loss and water pollution. It lives in altitudes of 2600-3000 m.... |
|
| Rhinella chrysophorus | Rio Viejo Toad |
| Rhinella cristinae Bufo cristinae Bufo cristinae is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family.It is found in Colombia and possibly Brazil.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers.-Source:... |
|
| Rhinella crucifer | Striped Toad |
| Rhinella dapsilis Bufo dapsilis Bufo dapsilis is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family.It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, rivers, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater marches.... |
Bom Jardim Toad |
| Rhinella diptychus | Cope's Toad |
| Rhinella dorbignyi | Dorbigny's Toad |
| Rhinella fernandezae | Bella Vista Toad |
| Rhinella festae Rhamphophryne festae Rhamphophryne festae is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family.It is found in Ecuador and Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist montanes.It is threatened by habitat loss.... |
Valle Santiago Beaked Toad |
| Rhinella fissipes | Carabaya Toad |
| Rhinella gallardoi | Gallardo's Toad |
| Rhinella gnustae | Rio Grande Toad |
| Rhinella granulosus | Common Lesser Toad |
| Rhinella henseli | |
| Rhinella hoogmoedi | |
| Rhinella ictericus | Yellow Cururu Toad |
| Rhinella inca | Inca Toad |
| Rhinella iserni | Rio Perene Toad |
| Rhinella jimi | |
| Rhinella justinianoi | El Chape Toad |
| Rhinella limensis | Peru Coast Toad |
| Rhinella lindae Rhamphophryne lindae Rhamphophryne lindae is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family.It is endemic to Colombia.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:... |
Murri Beaked Toad |
| Rhinella macrorhina Rhamphophryne macrorhina Rhamphophryne macrorhina is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family.It is endemic to Colombia.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:... |
Santa Rita Beaked Toad |
| Rhinella manu | |
| Rhinella margaritifer | South American Common Toad |
| Rhinella marina | Cane Toad |
| Rhinella multiverrucosus Bufo multiverrucosus Bufo multiverrucosus is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family.It is endemic to Peru.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:* Lehr, E. 2006. . Downloaded on 21 July 2007.... |
|
| Rhinella nesiotes | Laguna Toad |
| Rhinella nicefori Rhamphophryne nicefori Rhamphophryne nicefori is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family.It is endemic to Colombia.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:... |
Colombian Beaked Toad |
| Rhinella ocellatus Bufo ocellatus Bufo ocellatus is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family.It is endemic to Brazil.Its natural habitats are moist savanna, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrubland, rivers, intermittent rivers, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater... |
Ocellated Toad |
| Rhinella ornatus | |
| Rhinella poeppigii | Gray Toad |
| Rhinella pombali | |
| Rhinella proboscideus Bufo proboscideus Bufo proboscideus is a South American species of toad in the Bufonidae family. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and intermittent freshwater marshes. It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:* Coloma, L.A.,... |
Beaked Toad |
| Rhinella pygmaeus | Rio Parahyba Toad |
| Rhinella quechua | Incachaca Toad |
| Rhinella roqueanus Bufo roqueanus Bufo roqueanus is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family.It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers.-References:... |
|
| Rhinella rostrata Rhamphophryne rostrata Rhamphophryne rostrata is a species of toad found in Colombia. It is listed as a critical endangered species due to a restricted range caused by habitat loss. According to the IUCN "This species is known from only two specimens collected in 1914... |
Mesopotamia Beaked Toad |
| Rhinella rubescens | |
| Rhinella rubropunctatus | Rusty Toad |
| Rhinella ruizi Rhamphophryne ruizi Rhamphophryne ruizi is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family.It is endemic to Colombia.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude grassland.-Source:* Grant, T. & Lynch, J. 2004. . Downloaded on 21 July 2007.... |
|
| Rhinella rumbolli | Salta Toad |
| Rhinella schneideri Bufo schneideri The Rococo Toad , sometimes referred to as Schneider's Toad, is a large toad native to the South America countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. It is frequently mistaken for the Cane Toad, and gets nearly as large. The easiest way to distinguish the two species, is that B... |
Cururu Toad; Schneider's Toad |
| Rhinella scitulus Bufo scitulus Bufo scitulus is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family.It is endemic to Brazil.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and rivers.-Source:* Caramaschi, U. 2004. . Downloaded on 21 July 2007.... |
|
| Rhinella sclerocephalus Bufo sclerocephalus Bufo sclerocephalus is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family.It is endemic to Venezuela.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and rivers.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:... |
|
| Rhinella spinulosus | Warty Toad; Huanuco Toad |
| Rhinella stanlaii Bufo stanlaii Bufo stanlaii is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family.It is endemic to Bolivia.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes, rivers, freshwater marshes, and intermittent freshwater marches.-References:... |
|
| Rhinella sternosignatus | Falcon Toad |
| Rhinella tacana | |
| Rhinella tenrec Rhamphophryne tenrec Rhamphophryne tenrec is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family.It is endemic to Colombia.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:... |
Antioquia Beaked Toad |
| Rhinella truebae Rhamphophryne truebae Rhamphophryne truebae is a species of toad in the Bufonidae family.It is endemic to Colombia.-Source:* Bolívar, W. & Lynch, J. 2004. . Downloaded on 21 July 2007.... |
Trueb's Beaked Toad |
| Rhinella vellardi | Alto Maranon Toad |
| Rhinella veraguensis | Veragua Toad |
| Rhinella veredas | |