Red-green-brown alliance
Encyclopedia
The term Red-Green-Brown alliance, originating in France, refers to the alleged alliance of Communists (Red), anti-globalist Environmentalists and/or Islamists (Green), and Ultranationalists (Brown). The term is often used in a broad sense to refer to antisemitic and/or anti-American
views shared by disparate groups and movements.
French essayist Alexandre del Valle
wrote of "une alliance idéologique ... rouge-brun-vert" in an April 22, 2002 article in the newspaper Le Figaro
, and wrote "Rouges-Bruns-Verts, l'étrange alliance", in a January 2004 article in the magazine Politique Internationale. He has more recently used the French phrase "l'axe rouge-vert-brun" in a sense similar to the English usage, with green mainly referring to Islamism
, rather than environmentalism
.
Del Valle's conceptual rendering of Islamist ideological trends appears to be based at least partially on earlier writings in which del Valle had charged the United States and western Europe with favouring the "war machine" of "armed Islamism" via its Ronald Reagan
- era funding of the Mujahadeen in Afghanistan
. and helping the worst future enemies of the West. After that, del Valle published many articles on the red-brown-green Axis against the West, and he is publishing in France and Italy an essay entitled "The Reds Browns Greens, the anti-Western
alliance of extremists" (Rossi Bruni Verdi: l'alleanza degli estremi/Rouges Bruns Verts, l'alliance anti-occidentale des extrêmes").
The later popularity of the "red-green-brown" theory (and its various permutations) derives mainly from a speech given by Roger Cukierman, president of the French
Jewish organization CRIF
, to a CRIF banquet on January 25, 2003, and given wide circulation by a January 27/28 2003 article in Le Monde
. Cukierman used the French term "alliance brun-vert-rouge" to describe the antisemitic alignment supposedly shared by "an extreme right nostalgic for racial hierarchies" (symbolized by the color brown), "an extreme left [which is] anti-globalist, anti-capitalist, anti-American [and] anti-Zionist" (red), and followers of José Bové
(green).
Anti-Americanism
The term Anti-Americanism, or Anti-American Sentiment, refers to broad opposition or hostility to the people, policies, culture or government of the United States...
views shared by disparate groups and movements.
French essayist Alexandre del Valle
Alexandre del Valle
Alexandre del Valle is a French political scientist, geopolitician, and researcher at Institut Choiseul for International Politics and Geoeconomics. His research focuses on radical Islam, terrorism and Turkey's accession to European Union...
wrote of "une alliance idéologique ... rouge-brun-vert" in an April 22, 2002 article in the newspaper Le Figaro
Le Figaro
Le Figaro is a French daily newspaper founded in 1826 and published in Paris. It is one of three French newspapers of record, with Le Monde and Libération, and is the oldest newspaper in France. It is also the second-largest national newspaper in France after Le Parisien and before Le Monde, but...
, and wrote "Rouges-Bruns-Verts, l'étrange alliance", in a January 2004 article in the magazine Politique Internationale. He has more recently used the French phrase "l'axe rouge-vert-brun" in a sense similar to the English usage, with green mainly referring to Islamism
Islamism
Islamism also , lit., "Political Islam" is set of ideologies holding that Islam is not only a religion but also a political system. Islamism is a controversial term, and definitions of it sometimes vary...
, rather than environmentalism
Environmentalism
Environmentalism is a broad philosophy, ideology and social movement regarding concerns for environmental conservation and improvement of the health of the environment, particularly as the measure for this health seeks to incorporate the concerns of non-human elements...
.
Del Valle's conceptual rendering of Islamist ideological trends appears to be based at least partially on earlier writings in which del Valle had charged the United States and western Europe with favouring the "war machine" of "armed Islamism" via its Ronald Reagan
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan was the 40th President of the United States , the 33rd Governor of California and, prior to that, a radio, film and television actor....
- era funding of the Mujahadeen in Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
. and helping the worst future enemies of the West. After that, del Valle published many articles on the red-brown-green Axis against the West, and he is publishing in France and Italy an essay entitled "The Reds Browns Greens, the anti-Western
Anti-Western sentiment
Anti-Western sentiment refers to broad opposition or hostility to the people, policies, or governments in the western world. In many cases the United States, Israël and the United Kingdom are the subject of discussion or hostility...
alliance of extremists" (Rossi Bruni Verdi: l'alleanza degli estremi/Rouges Bruns Verts, l'alliance anti-occidentale des extrêmes").
The later popularity of the "red-green-brown" theory (and its various permutations) derives mainly from a speech given by Roger Cukierman, president of the French
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
Jewish organization CRIF
CRIF
CRIF may refer to:* Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France* CRIF, the old name of the knowledge centre for the technology industry in Belgium, now called Sirris....
, to a CRIF banquet on January 25, 2003, and given wide circulation by a January 27/28 2003 article in Le Monde
Le Monde
Le Monde is a French daily evening newspaper owned by La Vie-Le Monde Group and edited in Paris. It is one of two French newspapers of record, and has generally been well respected since its first edition under founder Hubert Beuve-Méry on 19 December 1944...
. Cukierman used the French term "alliance brun-vert-rouge" to describe the antisemitic alignment supposedly shared by "an extreme right nostalgic for racial hierarchies" (symbolized by the color brown), "an extreme left [which is] anti-globalist, anti-capitalist, anti-American [and] anti-Zionist" (red), and followers of José Bové
José Bové
Joseph Bové is a French farmer and syndicalist, member of the alter-globalization movement, and spokesman for Via Campesina. He was one of the twelve official candidates in the 2007 French presidential election...
(green).
See also
- Allegations of anti-Americanism and anti-Semitism within the European anti-war movement
- Anti-AmericanismAnti-AmericanismThe term Anti-Americanism, or Anti-American Sentiment, refers to broad opposition or hostility to the people, policies, culture or government of the United States...
- Anti-globalization and Anti-SemitismAnti-globalization and anti-SemitismAntisemitism within the anti-globalization movement has been the subject of a number of writers and researchers such as Walter Laqueur, Paul Berman, and Mark Strauss...
- Arab Anti-Semitism
- Euston ManifestoEuston ManifestoThe Euston Manifesto is a 2006 declaration of principles by a group of academics, journalists, and activists based in the United Kingdom. The statement is a reaction to what are asserted to be widespread violations of leftist principles by others who are commonly associated with the political Left...
- Islam and anti-SemitismIslam and anti-SemitismIslam and antisemitism relates to Islamic theologicial teaching against Jews and Judaism and the treatment of Jews in Muslim countries.With the origin of Islam in the 7th century AD and its rapid spread in the Arabian peninsula and beyond, Jews came to be subject to the rule of Muslim rulers...
- IslamizationIslamizationIslamization or Islamification has been used to describe the process of a society's conversion to the religion of Islam...
- New anti-SemitismNew anti-SemitismNew antisemitism is the concept that a new form of antisemitism has developed in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, emanating simultaneously from the far-left, radical Islam, and the far-right, and tending to manifest itself as opposition to Zionism and the State of Israel.The concept...
- RESISTRESISTRESIST is the name of an electoral list formed as a result of the coalition between Marxist-Leninist Workers Party of Belgium and Pan-Arabist Arab European League for the 2003 federal election in the Flemish Region....
- Political colourPolitical colourCertain political parties or positions have become associated with different colours at different times.-Colours:*Black is primarily associated with anarchism and fascism ....
External links
Rouges-Bruns-Verts: L'Etrange Alliance by Alexandre del Valle- The Wacky World of French Intellectuals by Laurent Murawiec, Middle East Quarterly (Spring 2000)
- Antiglobalism's Jewish Problem by Mark Strauss, Foreign Policy Magazine (Nov. 12, 2003):
- "The Barriers come down: Antisemitism and the Coalitions of Extremes" by Dave Rich