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The aviation
Aviation

File:Norwegian military Bell 412SP helicopters.jpgAviation refers to activities involving man-made flying devices , including the people, organizations, and regulatory bodies involved with them....
 term ROT stands for rate one turn, also known as a standard rate turn. All aircraft
Aircraft

An aircraft is a vehicle which is able to flight by being supported by the air, or in general, the atmosphere, of a planet. Examples include balloons, airplanes and helicopters....
 must be able to perform a standard rate turn.

A standard rate turn for (light) airplanes is defined as a 3° per second turn, which completes a 360° turn in 2 minutes. This is known as a 2-minute turn, or rate one (= 180°/minute).
For heavy airplanes a standard rate turn is a 4-minute turn.

Instruments, either the turn and bank indicator
Turn and bank indicator

In aviation, the turn and bank indicator shows the rate of turn and the coordination of the turn. The rate of turn is indicated from a rate gyroscope and the coordination of the turn is shown by either a pendulum or a heavy ball mounted in a curved sealed glass tube....
 or the turn coordinator
Turn coordinator

The turn coordinator is an aircraft instrument which displays to a aviator information about the rate of yaw , rate of roll, and the 'quality' or 'coordination' of the turn....
, have the standard rate turn clearly marked.






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The aviation
Aviation

File:Norwegian military Bell 412SP helicopters.jpgAviation refers to activities involving man-made flying devices , including the people, organizations, and regulatory bodies involved with them....
 term ROT stands for rate one turn, also known as a standard rate turn. All aircraft
Aircraft

An aircraft is a vehicle which is able to flight by being supported by the air, or in general, the atmosphere, of a planet. Examples include balloons, airplanes and helicopters....
 must be able to perform a standard rate turn.

A standard rate turn for (light) airplanes is defined as a 3° per second turn, which completes a 360° turn in 2 minutes. This is known as a 2-minute turn, or rate one (= 180°/minute).
For heavy airplanes a standard rate turn is a 4-minute turn.

Instruments, either the turn and bank indicator
Turn and bank indicator

In aviation, the turn and bank indicator shows the rate of turn and the coordination of the turn. The rate of turn is indicated from a rate gyroscope and the coordination of the turn is shown by either a pendulum or a heavy ball mounted in a curved sealed glass tube....
 or the turn coordinator
Turn coordinator

The turn coordinator is an aircraft instrument which displays to a aviator information about the rate of yaw , rate of roll, and the 'quality' or 'coordination' of the turn....
, have the standard rate turn clearly marked. Light aircraft are equipped with 2-minute turn indicators while heavy aircraft are equipped with 4-minute turn indicators. This is very useful to pilots who are out of visual contact with the ground and for air traffic control when appropriate separation of aircraft is desired. The pilot banks the airplane such that the turn and slip indicator points to the standard rate turn mark and then uses a watch to time the turn. The pilot can pull out at any desired direction depending on the length of time in the turn.

A rate half turn (1.5° per second) is normally used when flying faster than 250 kt. The term rate two turn (6° per second) used on some high speed aircraft.

Angle of Bank formula

The formula for calculating the angle of bank for a specific True Airspeed
True airspeed

True airspeed is the speed of an aircraft relative to the airmass in which it flies, i.e. the magnitude of the wind triangle of the velocity of the aircraft and the velocity of the air....
 (TAS) is:

where is the radius of the turn and is the acceleration due to gravity. For a rate one turn and velocity in kt (nautical miles per hour), this comes to

.

A convenient approximation for the bank angle in degrees is

Radius of Turn formula

One might also want to calculate the radius of a Rate 1,2 or 3 turn at a specific TAS.

Use this formula to calculate the radius of turn in feet given velocity in knots and angle of bank:

This is a simplified formula that ignores slip and returns zero for 90 degrees of bank.

The constant 11.29 is calculated: