Qazi Syed Mohammad Rafi
Encyclopedia
Qazi Syed Mohammad Rafi (died 18 Rabi' al-awwal
1218 AH / 1803 AD) was a famous, religious scholar from Mewat
during British India. He had influence in every sphere of life in the nearby areas of Mewat
. He authored many books on religious issues.
; who flourished in the era of 18th century. He was a ulama
, faqih
and well versed in sharia
law like his father, Qazi Syed Mohammad Zaman
. Being qadi
of the city, he was supposed to look after all the administrative and managerial affairs of the city. He gave many judgments as Islamic lawyer.
Following is a eulogy, narrated by a Persian
poet on Qazi Syed Mohammad Rafi’s death:
and was married to Fazal Nisan daughter of Mohammad Saeed ibn Mohammad Hussain ibn Maulana Abul Khair of Palwal
. The mother of Fazal Nisan, Mah Bibi was the daughter of Ali Asghar bin Ali Akbar bin Abdul Wasey bin Mohammad Murad Narkhi. Ali Asghar was the brother of Mian Mohammad Shoeb’s grandfather Ali Mohammad Karwari.
His brother-in-law Raham Ali was martyred along with Aulia Khan Balooch at Pargana Hansi
. His another brother-in-law Fazal Ali’s son Mohammad Murad in early life also got martyrdom while combating in a war with Jauhira Singh and Zaufa Singh at Rewari
.
He had two sons Qazi Syed Mohammad Ashraf
and Syed Mohammad Shamsuddin and one daughter Bibi Khan Daulat. Bibi Khan Daulat was married to Mian Mohammad Yunus.
----
Syed Mohammad Shamsuddin was also a man of many qualities. He was employed in the army at Nagpur
and was married to Sahibun Nisan daughter of Ghulam Sharfuddin ibn Mohammad Naim ibn Mohammad Taqi ibn Abdul Hadi. Ghulam Sharfuddin was martyred with Shaikh Imam Ali at Gageen District Jodhpur
by the hands of Zamindars.
Syed Mohammad Shamsuddin had one son, Masihuddin (remained unmarried), and three daughters. The elder daughter Faridun Nisan was married to Ghulam Ali ibn Qazi Qutubuddin of Jhajjar
. In 1829 (1240 Fasli), Ghulam Ali migrated to Nagpur
from Jhajjar where his brothers were on top position. He became Kotwal
but latterly left the job in 1841. In Nagpur, Choti Masjid (Masjid Ahle Hadith) was built by him.
The elder Brother of Ghulam Ali, Mohammad Saaduddin was employed at Nagpur
as Faujdar
during the Bhonsle Dynasty at the princely state
of Nagpur
. At that time, Maharaja Senasaheb Subha Chhatrapati Raghuji Bapusaheb Bhonsle III was the ruler of the princely state
of Nagpur
(1818–1853). He was promoted as Subahdar
in 1839 (Rajab 1247 Fasli) at Raipur. For this job, he was awarded one Palki and Rs. 900 monthly. Mohammad Saaduddin was married in 1830 at Posd, District Aiwat Mahal (Maharashtra
) in a family of Jagirdar, a sister of Nawab Mohsin Ali Khan and Nawab Hasan Ali Khan. He is buried at Takia Masoom Shah. The Jamia Masjid at Nagpur
was built by him. He had one son Akbar Ali Khan, who was married to Badrun Nisan, daughter of Imdad Hussain bin Ashraf Hussain (Subedar
at Chhindwara
). Akbar Ali Khan was hanged to death by Britishers during the revolt of 1857 and in consequence his property was also snatched. His grave is located at Tekri Sitabildi.
Another brother of Ghulam Ali, Mohammad Saladuddin was also an administrator, kotwal
and a minister in the court of Maharaja Senasaheb Subha Chhatrapati Raghuji Bapusaheb Bhonsle III. Maharaja had great faith on him, all secret papers were in the custody of Mohammad Salahuddin. Like his brother, he was also married in 1830 in the same family of Jagirdar, a sister of Nawab Mohsin Ali Khan and Nawab Hasan Ali Khan. He died in 1833 (Fasli 1243) and was buried at Takya Masoom Shah.
All these three brothers Ghulam Ali, Mohammad Saaduddin and Mohammad Saladuddin are remembered as great scholars of Urdu and Persian. They founded 'Jhajjar Bagh' at Hansapuri (Now Mominpura) at Nagpur
. In this location, they built their residence 'Aina-e Mahal', a well and Masjid.
The second daughter of Syed Mohammad Shamsuddin, Fahimun Nisan was married to Mian Kalimullah Shah ibn Shah Mohammad Yahya ibn Hazrat Shah Mohammad Shoeb.
The third daughter of Syed Mohammad Shamsuddin, Masihun Nisan was married to Mufti Yaqinuddin ibn Imamuddin ibn Qutubuddin ibn Sirajul Haq. Mufti Yaqinuddin was a renowned scholar and Mufti
of Rewari
. Being Mufti of the city, he issued Fatwa
against the British forces and to support the forces of Rao Tula Ram
. In consequent to his Fatwa, Muslims of Rewari and nearby villages fought against British invasion and supported with heart and soul the small force of Rao Tula Ram. Many got martyrdom in the fight so called the 'Fight at Narnaul'. After the defeat of Rao Tula Ram on 16 November 1857, Mufti Yaqinuddin was arrested from Tijara
along with brother-in-law Abdur Rahman (alias Nabi Baksh). His brother Mufti Nizamuddin was arrested from Rewari
. They were taken to Delhi
and hanged to death.
Rabi' al-awwal
Rabi' al-awwal is the third month in the Islamic calendar. During this month, Muslims around the world celebrate Mawlid - the birthday of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Sunni Muslims believe the exact date of birth of Muhammad to have been on the twelfth of this month, whereas Shi'a Muslims believe...
1218 AH / 1803 AD) was a famous, religious scholar from Mewat
Mewat
Mewat is a historical region of Haryana and Rajasthan states in northwestern India. The loose boundaries of Mewat are not precisely determined but generally include Mewat District of Haryana and parts of Alwar, Bharatpur, and Dholpur districts of Rajasthan...
during British India. He had influence in every sphere of life in the nearby areas of Mewat
Mewat
Mewat is a historical region of Haryana and Rajasthan states in northwestern India. The loose boundaries of Mewat are not precisely determined but generally include Mewat District of Haryana and parts of Alwar, Bharatpur, and Dholpur districts of Rajasthan...
. He authored many books on religious issues.
Biography
Qazi Syed (Saiyid) Mohammad Rafi was one of the outstanding men from the region of MewatMewat
Mewat is a historical region of Haryana and Rajasthan states in northwestern India. The loose boundaries of Mewat are not precisely determined but generally include Mewat District of Haryana and parts of Alwar, Bharatpur, and Dholpur districts of Rajasthan...
; who flourished in the era of 18th century. He was a ulama
Ulama
-In Islam:* Ulema, also transliterated "ulama", a community of legal scholars of Islam and its laws . See:**Nahdlatul Ulama **Darul-uloom Nadwatul Ulama **Jamiatul Ulama Transvaal**Jamiat ul-Ulama -Other:...
, faqih
Faqih
A Faqīh is an expert in fiqh, or, Islamic jurisprudence.A faqih is an expert in Islamic Law, and, as such, the word Faqih can literally be generally translated as Jurist.- The definition of Fiqh and its relation to the Faqih:...
and well versed in sharia
Sharia
Sharia law, is the moral code and religious law of Islam. Sharia is derived from two primary sources of Islamic law: the precepts set forth in the Quran, and the example set by the Islamic prophet Muhammad in the Sunnah. Fiqh jurisprudence interprets and extends the application of sharia to...
law like his father, Qazi Syed Mohammad Zaman
Qazi Syed Mohammad Zaman
Qazi Syed Mohammad Zaman was a judge edicted in accordance with the laws of sharia from Sakras, now in District Gurgaon, Haryana.-Biography:...
. Being qadi
Qadi
Qadi is a judge ruling in accordance with Islamic religious law appointed by the ruler of a Muslim country. Because Islam makes no distinction between religious and secular domains, qadis traditionally have jurisdiction over all legal matters involving Muslims...
of the city, he was supposed to look after all the administrative and managerial affairs of the city. He gave many judgments as Islamic lawyer.
Following is a eulogy, narrated by a Persian
Persian people
The Persian people are part of the Iranian peoples who speak the modern Persian language and closely akin Iranian dialects and languages. The origin of the ethnic Iranian/Persian peoples are traced to the Ancient Iranian peoples, who were part of the ancient Indo-Iranians and themselves part of...
poet on Qazi Syed Mohammad Rafi’s death:
Family
Syed Mohammad Rafi belonged to the family Gardēzī SadaatGardēzī Sadaat
Gardēzī Sadaat is a Sadaat Muslim family of Sayyid from Gardez ; consequently known as ‘Gardēzī Sadaat’ in Indian subcontinent.- Origin :...
and was married to Fazal Nisan daughter of Mohammad Saeed ibn Mohammad Hussain ibn Maulana Abul Khair of Palwal
Palwal
Palwal is a city and a municipal council. It is the headquarters of Palwal district, the 21st district of Haryana state in northern IndiaIt is situated at a distance of 60 km from Delhi on the Delhi-Mathura highway. The latitude of the town is 28° 40' N and longitude is 76° 59' E...
. The mother of Fazal Nisan, Mah Bibi was the daughter of Ali Asghar bin Ali Akbar bin Abdul Wasey bin Mohammad Murad Narkhi. Ali Asghar was the brother of Mian Mohammad Shoeb’s grandfather Ali Mohammad Karwari.
His brother-in-law Raham Ali was martyred along with Aulia Khan Balooch at Pargana Hansi
Hansi
Hansi is a city and a municipal council in Hisar district in the Indian state of Haryana. Its 2011 population is estimated to be 1,34,568. It is located at a distance of east of Hisar on National Highway 10. Geographically, it is semi-arid with around 46 cm of annual rainfall. It appears...
. His another brother-in-law Fazal Ali’s son Mohammad Murad in early life also got martyrdom while combating in a war with Jauhira Singh and Zaufa Singh at Rewari
Rewari
Rewari is a city and a municipal council in Rewari district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is located in south-west Haryana around from Delhi and from Gurgaon.- Etymology :...
.
He had two sons Qazi Syed Mohammad Ashraf
Syed Mohammad Ashraf
Qazi Syed Mohammad Ashraf was a very influential person in the region of Mewat of Alwar during British India.-Biography:Qazi Syed Mohammad Ashraf was one of the prominent men from the region of Mewat. He was a ulama, faqih and well versed in sharia law. He worked for Islamic dawah and did tabligh...
and Syed Mohammad Shamsuddin and one daughter Bibi Khan Daulat. Bibi Khan Daulat was married to Mian Mohammad Yunus.
----
Syed Mohammad Shamsuddin was also a man of many qualities. He was employed in the army at Nagpur
Nagpur
Nāgpur is a city and winter capital of the state of Maharashtra, the largest city in central India and third largest city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune...
and was married to Sahibun Nisan daughter of Ghulam Sharfuddin ibn Mohammad Naim ibn Mohammad Taqi ibn Abdul Hadi. Ghulam Sharfuddin was martyred with Shaikh Imam Ali at Gageen District Jodhpur
Jodhpur
Jodhpur , is the second largest city in the Indian state of Rajasthan. It is located west from the state capital, Jaipur and from the city of Ajmer. It was formerly the seat of a princely state of the same name, the capital of the kingdom known as Marwar...
by the hands of Zamindars.
Syed Mohammad Shamsuddin had one son, Masihuddin (remained unmarried), and three daughters. The elder daughter Faridun Nisan was married to Ghulam Ali ibn Qazi Qutubuddin of Jhajjar
Jhajjar
Jhajjar is a town in Jhajjar district in the Indian state of Haryana.-Geography:Jhajjar is located at . It has an average elevation of 220 metres .-Demographics:...
. In 1829 (1240 Fasli), Ghulam Ali migrated to Nagpur
Nagpur
Nāgpur is a city and winter capital of the state of Maharashtra, the largest city in central India and third largest city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune...
from Jhajjar where his brothers were on top position. He became Kotwal
Kotwal
Kotwal was a title used in medieval India for the leader of a Kot or fort. Kotwals often controlled the fort of a major town or an area of smaller towns on behalf of another ruler. It was similar in function to a British India Zaildar From Mughal times the title was given to the local ruler of a...
but latterly left the job in 1841. In Nagpur, Choti Masjid (Masjid Ahle Hadith) was built by him.
The elder Brother of Ghulam Ali, Mohammad Saaduddin was employed at Nagpur
Nagpur
Nāgpur is a city and winter capital of the state of Maharashtra, the largest city in central India and third largest city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune...
as Faujdar
Faujdar
Faujdar/Fouzder/Fouzdar/Foujdar was a title awarded by Muslim rulers to people who had responsibility of protecting some territory.In pre-Mughal times, the term referred to a military officer but did not refer to a specific rank. With the administrative reforms performed by Mughal emperor Akbar,...
during the Bhonsle Dynasty at the princely state
Princely state
A Princely State was a nominally sovereign entitity of British rule in India that was not directly governed by the British, but rather by an Indian ruler under a form of indirect rule such as suzerainty or paramountcy.-British relationship with the Princely States:India under the British Raj ...
of Nagpur
Nagpur
Nāgpur is a city and winter capital of the state of Maharashtra, the largest city in central India and third largest city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune...
. At that time, Maharaja Senasaheb Subha Chhatrapati Raghuji Bapusaheb Bhonsle III was the ruler of the princely state
Princely state
A Princely State was a nominally sovereign entitity of British rule in India that was not directly governed by the British, but rather by an Indian ruler under a form of indirect rule such as suzerainty or paramountcy.-British relationship with the Princely States:India under the British Raj ...
of Nagpur
Nagpur
Nāgpur is a city and winter capital of the state of Maharashtra, the largest city in central India and third largest city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune...
(1818–1853). He was promoted as Subahdar
Subahdar
Subahdar was one of the designations of a governor of a Subah during the Mughal era of India who was alternately designated as Sahib-i-Subah or Nazim. The word, Subahdar is of Persian origin...
in 1839 (Rajab 1247 Fasli) at Raipur. For this job, he was awarded one Palki and Rs. 900 monthly. Mohammad Saaduddin was married in 1830 at Posd, District Aiwat Mahal (Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India...
) in a family of Jagirdar, a sister of Nawab Mohsin Ali Khan and Nawab Hasan Ali Khan. He is buried at Takia Masoom Shah. The Jamia Masjid at Nagpur
Nagpur
Nāgpur is a city and winter capital of the state of Maharashtra, the largest city in central India and third largest city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune...
was built by him. He had one son Akbar Ali Khan, who was married to Badrun Nisan, daughter of Imdad Hussain bin Ashraf Hussain (Subedar
Subedar
Subedar is a historical rank in the Indian Army, ranking below British commissioned officers and above non-commissioned officers. The rank was otherwise equivalent to a British lieutenant and was introduced in the East India Company's presidency armies, to make it easier for British officers to...
at Chhindwara
Chhindwara
Chhindwara is a town and a municipality in Chhindwara district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of Chhindwara District. Chhindwara is reachable by rail or road from adjacent cities Nagpur and Jabalpur...
). Akbar Ali Khan was hanged to death by Britishers during the revolt of 1857 and in consequence his property was also snatched. His grave is located at Tekri Sitabildi.
Another brother of Ghulam Ali, Mohammad Saladuddin was also an administrator, kotwal
Kotwal
Kotwal was a title used in medieval India for the leader of a Kot or fort. Kotwals often controlled the fort of a major town or an area of smaller towns on behalf of another ruler. It was similar in function to a British India Zaildar From Mughal times the title was given to the local ruler of a...
and a minister in the court of Maharaja Senasaheb Subha Chhatrapati Raghuji Bapusaheb Bhonsle III. Maharaja had great faith on him, all secret papers were in the custody of Mohammad Salahuddin. Like his brother, he was also married in 1830 in the same family of Jagirdar, a sister of Nawab Mohsin Ali Khan and Nawab Hasan Ali Khan. He died in 1833 (Fasli 1243) and was buried at Takya Masoom Shah.
All these three brothers Ghulam Ali, Mohammad Saaduddin and Mohammad Saladuddin are remembered as great scholars of Urdu and Persian. They founded 'Jhajjar Bagh' at Hansapuri (Now Mominpura) at Nagpur
Nagpur
Nāgpur is a city and winter capital of the state of Maharashtra, the largest city in central India and third largest city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune...
. In this location, they built their residence 'Aina-e Mahal', a well and Masjid.
The second daughter of Syed Mohammad Shamsuddin, Fahimun Nisan was married to Mian Kalimullah Shah ibn Shah Mohammad Yahya ibn Hazrat Shah Mohammad Shoeb.
The third daughter of Syed Mohammad Shamsuddin, Masihun Nisan was married to Mufti Yaqinuddin ibn Imamuddin ibn Qutubuddin ibn Sirajul Haq. Mufti Yaqinuddin was a renowned scholar and Mufti
Mufti
A mufti is a Sunni Islamic scholar who is an interpreter or expounder of Islamic law . In religious administrative terms, a mufti is roughly equivalent to a deacon to a Sunni population...
of Rewari
Rewari
Rewari is a city and a municipal council in Rewari district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is located in south-west Haryana around from Delhi and from Gurgaon.- Etymology :...
. Being Mufti of the city, he issued Fatwa
Fatwa
A fatwā in the Islamic faith is a juristic ruling concerning Islamic law issued by an Islamic scholar. In Sunni Islam any fatwā is non-binding, whereas in Shia Islam it could be considered by an individual as binding, depending on his or her relation to the scholar. The person who issues a fatwā...
against the British forces and to support the forces of Rao Tula Ram
Rao Tula Ram
Rao Tula Ram was one of the key leaders of the Indian rebellion of 1857, in Haryana, where he is considered a state hero....
. In consequent to his Fatwa, Muslims of Rewari and nearby villages fought against British invasion and supported with heart and soul the small force of Rao Tula Ram. Many got martyrdom in the fight so called the 'Fight at Narnaul'. After the defeat of Rao Tula Ram on 16 November 1857, Mufti Yaqinuddin was arrested from Tijara
Tijara
Tijara is a city and a municipality in Alwar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan. Tijara is situated 48 km to the north east of Alwar, the nearest Railwau station is Khairthal. It was founded by Tajpala, Raja of Sarahata, 6 km from Tijara. A scion of Yadav family, he built palaces at...
along with brother-in-law Abdur Rahman (alias Nabi Baksh). His brother Mufti Nizamuddin was arrested from Rewari
Rewari
Rewari is a city and a municipal council in Rewari district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is located in south-west Haryana around from Delhi and from Gurgaon.- Etymology :...
. They were taken to Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
and hanged to death.
See also
- Qazi Syed Rafi MohammadQazi Syed Rafi MohammadQazi Syed Rafi Mohammad was a scholar of repute from Sakras, District Gurgaon . He belonged to the family of Gardēzī Sadaat.-Biography:...
- Qazi Syed InayatullahQazi Syed InayatullahQazi Syed Inayatullah was a scholar of Fiqh from Sakras, District Gurgaon . He belonged to the family of Gardēzī Sadaat.-Biography:...
- Qazi Syed HayatullahQazi Syed HayatullahQazi Syed Hayatullah was a Muslim scholar of Fiqh from Sakras, District Gurgaon . He belonged to the family of Gardēzī Sadaat.-Biography:...
- Qazi Syed Mohammad ZamanQazi Syed Mohammad ZamanQazi Syed Mohammad Zaman was a judge edicted in accordance with the laws of sharia from Sakras, now in District Gurgaon, Haryana.-Biography:...
- Qazi Mir Imdad AliQazi Mir Imdad AliQazi Mir Imdad Ali was Military officer during Bhonsle Dynasty in 1835 at Nagpur.-Biography:Mir Imdad Ali was an inherited Qazi by profession from Sakras, District Gurgaon . He was merely 5 years when his father Syed Mohammad Ashraf was assassinated in 1814 by Meo Community at Sakras...
- Hakim Syed Karam HusainHakim Syed Karam HusainHakim Syed Muhammad Karam Hussain was a prominent Unani practitioner from Tijara, Alwar.-Education:After initial education from his hometown ‘Tijara’, he moved to Meerut at the age of 14 years. In Meerut, he took expertise, knowledge and proficiency on ‘Unani Tibb’ from two leading practitioners...
- Hakim Syed Fazlur RahmanHakim Syed Fazlur RahmanHakim Syed Fazlur Rahman was a noted Unani physician from Tijara and Bhopal.-Brief biography:Syed Fazlur Rahman belonged to the family of Gardēzī Sadaat. Being ‘Hakim’ by profession, he also had deep interest in mysticism and Sufism...
- Hakim Syed Atiqul QadirHakim Syed Atiqul QadirHafiz Hakim Syed Atiqul Qadir was a noted Unani Physician from Tijara and Bhopal.-Brief biography:Hakim Syed Atiqul Qadir belonged to the family of Gardēzī Sadaat and was born on 24 Ramadan 1328 AH / 1909 AD at Tijara. He was a practicing Unani Physician from Tijara and Bhopal.-Education:He...
- Syed Ziaur RahmanSyed Ziaur RahmanDr Syed Ziaur Rahman is a faculty member in the discipline of Pharmacology and Chair of the Advisory Council , International Association of Medical Colleges.-Biography:...