Pseudomonas infection
Encyclopedia
Pseudomonas infection refers to a disease
Disease
A disease is an abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism. It is often construed to be a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs. It may be caused by external factors, such as infectious disease, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune...

 caused by one of the species of the genus Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas is a genus of gammaproteobacteria, belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae containing 191 validly described species.Recently, 16S rRNA sequence analysis has redefined the taxonomy of many bacterial species. As a result, the genus Pseudomonas includes strains formerly classified in the...

.

"Pseudomonas sp. KUMS3" could be considered
as an opportunistic pathogen, which can survive on the
fish surface or in water or in the gut and may cause disease
when unfavorable conditions develop.

P. aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common bacterium that can cause disease in animals, including humans. It is found in soil, water, skin flora, and most man-made environments throughout the world. It thrives not only in normal atmospheres, but also in hypoxic atmospheres, and has, thus, colonized many...

is an opportunistic human pathogen, most commonly affecting immunocompromised patients, such as those with cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic disease affecting most critically the lungs, and also the pancreas, liver, and intestine...

 or AIDS
AIDS
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus...

. Infection can affect many different parts of the body, but infections typically target the respiratory tract (e.g. patients with CF
Cystic fibrosis
Cystic fibrosis is a recessive genetic disease affecting most critically the lungs, and also the pancreas, liver, and intestine...

 or those on mechanical ventilation
Mechanical ventilation
In medicine, mechanical ventilation is a method to mechanically assist or replace spontaneous breathing. This may involve a machine called a ventilator or the breathing may be assisted by a physician, respiratory therapist or other suitable person compressing a bag or set of bellows...

), causing bacterial pneumonia
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung—especially affecting the microscopic air sacs —associated with fever, chest symptoms, and a lack of air space on a chest X-ray. Pneumonia is typically caused by an infection but there are a number of other causes...

. Treatment of such infections can be difficult due to multiple antibiotic resistance.

P. oryzihabitans
Pseudomonas oryzihabitans
Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, also known as Flavimonas orzyhabitans, is a nonfermenting yellow-pigmented, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause septicemia , peritonitis, endophthalmitis, and bacteremia. It is an opportunistic pathogen of humans and warm-blooded animals that is commonly...

can also be a human pathogen, although infections are rare. It can cause peritonitis
Peritonitis
Peritonitis is an inflammation of the peritoneum, the serous membrane that lines part of the abdominal cavity and viscera. Peritonitis may be localised or generalised, and may result from infection or from a non-infectious process.-Abdominal pain and tenderness:The main manifestations of...

, endophthalmitis
Endophthalmitis
Endophthalmitis is an inflammation of the internal coats of the eye. It is a dreaded complication of all intraocular surgeries, particularly cataract surgery, with possible loss of vision and the eye itself. Infectious etiology is the most common and various bacteria and fungi have been isolated as...

, septicemia and bacteremia
Bacteremia
Bacteremia is the presence of bacteria in the blood. The blood is normally a sterile environment, so the detection of bacteria in the blood is always abnormal....

. Similar symptoms although also very rare can be seen by infections of P. luteola
Pseudomonas luteola
Pseudomonas luteola is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, oxidase-negative, esculin positive bacterium that can cause peritonitis, cellulitis, and bacteremia. It has also been shown to reduce, and hence de-color, azo dyes, and is capable of biosorption of certain heavy metal ions such as...

.

P. plecoglossicida
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida
Pseudomonas plecoglossicida is a non-fluorescent, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium that causes hemorrhagic ascites in the ayu fish , from which it derives its name. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. plecoglossicida has been placed in the P. putida group....

is a fish pathogenic species, causing hemorrhagic ascites
Ascites
Ascites is a gastroenterological term for an accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.The medical condition is also known as peritoneal cavity fluid, peritoneal fluid excess, hydroperitoneum or more archaically as abdominal dropsy. Although most commonly due to cirrhosis and severe liver...

 in the ayu
Ayu
The or sweetfish, Plecoglossus altivelis, is an amphidromous fish, the only species in the genus Plecoglossus and in family Plecoglossidae. It is a relative of the smelts and is placed in the order Osmeriformes...

 (Plecoglossus altivelis). P. anguilliseptica
Pseudomonas anguilliseptica
Pseudomonas anguilliseptica is a Gram-negative bacterium that is pathogenic to fish. It was first isolated from Japanese eels . Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. anguilliseptica has been placed in the P. aeruginosa group....

is also a fish pathogen.

Due to their hemolytic activity, even non-pathogenic species of Pseudomonas can occasionally become a problem in clinical settings, where they have been known to infect blood transfusions.
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