President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
Encyclopedia
The President's Intelligence Advisory Board (PIAB) is an advisor to the Executive Office of the President of the United States
. According to its self-description, it "...provides advice to the President concerning the quality and adequacy of intelligence collection, of analysis and estimates, of counterintelligence, and of other intelligence activities."
The PIAB, through its Intelligence Oversight Board (IOB), also advises the President on the legality of foreign intelligence activities.
. President John F. Kennedy
later renamed it to the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB) on May 4, 1961.
Most recently, the agency was renamed yet again by president George W. Bush
to its present form on February 29, 2008. The board exists at the pleasure of the President, who can change its size and portfolio. President Jimmy Carter
abolished the PFIAB in 1977 but President Ronald Reagan
re-established it later.
Most of the board's work is secret, but one very public investigation involved the loss of U.S. nuclear secrets to China
from the Los Alamos National Laboratory
during the 1990s.
created the IOB following a 1975-76 investigation by Congress into domestic spying, assassination operations, and other abuses by intelligence agencies. His executive order doing so went into effect on March 1, 1976. In 1993, the IOB became a committee of the PFIAB, under Executive Order #12863.
One of the IOB's functions is to examine violations of the laws and directives governing clandestine surveillance. The IOB received quarterly and annual reports from most US intelligence activities. Thirteen cases involving FBI
actions between 2002 to 2004 were referred to the IOB for its review.
In an executive order issued on February 29, 2008, President George W. Bush
terminated the IOB's authority to oversee the general counsel and inspector general of each U.S. intelligence agency, and erased the requirement that each inspector general file a report with the IOB every three months. The order also removed the IOB's authority to refer a matter to the Justice Department for a criminal investigation, and directed the IOB to notify the president of a problem only if other officials are not already "adequately" addressing that problem.
PIAB membership is generally considered public information; for example, the Clinton Administration posted the names of the members on a PFIAB web page.
In 2003 there were indications of spying on members of the board by a foreign intelligence asset.
Pres. Obama appointed Chuck Hagel
, former United States Senator from Nebraska
, and current University of Oklahoma
President David L. Boren
as PIAB co-chairs.
The following other members were appointed to the board in December 2009:
Executive Office of the President of the United States
The Executive Office of the President consists of the immediate staff of the President of the United States, as well as multiple levels of support staff reporting to the President. The EOP is headed by the White House Chief of Staff, currently William M. Daley...
. According to its self-description, it "...provides advice to the President concerning the quality and adequacy of intelligence collection, of analysis and estimates, of counterintelligence, and of other intelligence activities."
The PIAB, through its Intelligence Oversight Board (IOB), also advises the President on the legality of foreign intelligence activities.
History
The agency, originally known as the President's Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities (PBCFIA), was created in 1956 by President Dwight D. EisenhowerDwight D. Eisenhower
Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower was the 34th President of the United States, from 1953 until 1961. He was a five-star general in the United States Army...
. President John F. Kennedy
John F. Kennedy
John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy , often referred to by his initials JFK, was the 35th President of the United States, serving from 1961 until his assassination in 1963....
later renamed it to the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB) on May 4, 1961.
Most recently, the agency was renamed yet again by president George W. Bush
George W. Bush
George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States, from 2001 to 2009. Before that, he was the 46th Governor of Texas, having served from 1995 to 2000....
to its present form on February 29, 2008. The board exists at the pleasure of the President, who can change its size and portfolio. President Jimmy Carter
Jimmy Carter
James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr. is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States and was the recipient of the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize, the only U.S. President to have received the Prize after leaving office...
abolished the PFIAB in 1977 but President Ronald Reagan
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan was the 40th President of the United States , the 33rd Governor of California and, prior to that, a radio, film and television actor....
re-established it later.
Most of the board's work is secret, but one very public investigation involved the loss of U.S. nuclear secrets to China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
from the Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos National Laboratory is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory, managed and operated by Los Alamos National Security , located in Los Alamos, New Mexico...
during the 1990s.
Intelligence Oversight Board
President Gerald FordGerald Ford
Gerald Rudolph "Jerry" Ford, Jr. was the 38th President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977, and the 40th Vice President of the United States serving from 1973 to 1974...
created the IOB following a 1975-76 investigation by Congress into domestic spying, assassination operations, and other abuses by intelligence agencies. His executive order doing so went into effect on March 1, 1976. In 1993, the IOB became a committee of the PFIAB, under Executive Order #12863.
One of the IOB's functions is to examine violations of the laws and directives governing clandestine surveillance. The IOB received quarterly and annual reports from most US intelligence activities. Thirteen cases involving FBI
Federal Bureau of Investigation
The Federal Bureau of Investigation is an agency of the United States Department of Justice that serves as both a federal criminal investigative body and an internal intelligence agency . The FBI has investigative jurisdiction over violations of more than 200 categories of federal crime...
actions between 2002 to 2004 were referred to the IOB for its review.
In an executive order issued on February 29, 2008, President George W. Bush
George W. Bush
George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States, from 2001 to 2009. Before that, he was the 46th Governor of Texas, having served from 1995 to 2000....
terminated the IOB's authority to oversee the general counsel and inspector general of each U.S. intelligence agency, and erased the requirement that each inspector general file a report with the IOB every three months. The order also removed the IOB's authority to refer a matter to the Justice Department for a criminal investigation, and directed the IOB to notify the president of a problem only if other officials are not already "adequately" addressing that problem.
Membership
During the administration of George W. Bush, the PIAB had 16 members selected from among distinguished citizens outside the government who were qualified "on the basis of achievement, experience, independence, and integrity." The members were not paid.PIAB membership is generally considered public information; for example, the Clinton Administration posted the names of the members on a PFIAB web page.
PFIAB Membership under George W. Bush
In August 2002, Randy Deitering, the executive director of PFIAB, confirmed the membership list released by the White House press office in October 2001:- Brent ScowcroftBrent ScowcroftBrent Scowcroft, KBE was the United States National Security Advisor under Presidents Gerald Ford and George H. W. Bush and a Lieutenant General in the United States Air Force. He also served as Military Assistant to President Richard Nixon and as Deputy Assistant to the President for National...
, the chair - Pete WilsonPete WilsonPeter Barton "Pete" Wilson is an American politician from California. Wilson, a Republican, served as the 36th Governor of California , the culmination of more than three decades in the public arena that included eight years as a United States Senator , eleven years as Mayor of San Diego and...
, a former governor of CaliforniaCaliforniaCalifornia is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area... - Cresencio S. Arcos, Jr.Cresencio S. Arcos, Jr.-Biography:Cresencio Arcos is a consultant and Senior Advisor to the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies at the National Defense University. Previously, he was Government Affairs Counselor at Kirkpatrick Lockhart and Preston Gates LLP. He was Assistant Secretary for International Affairs at the...
, an AT&TAT&TAT&T Inc. is an American multinational telecommunications corporation headquartered in Whitacre Tower, Dallas, Texas, United States. It is the largest provider of mobile telephony and fixed telephony in the United States, and is also a provider of broadband and subscription television services...
executive and former US ambassador - Jim BarksdaleJim BarksdaleJim Barksdale was the president and CEO of Netscape Communications Corporation from January 1995 until the company merged with AOL in March 1999.-Early life:...
, former head of the internet company NetscapeNetscapeNetscape Communications is a US computer services company, best known for Netscape Navigator, its web browser. When it was an independent company, its headquarters were in Mountain View, California... - Robert Addison DayRobert Addison DayRobert Addison Day is the former Chairman and chief executive officer of Trust Company of the West and Chairman and President of the W. M. Keck Foundation.-Biography:...
, chairman of the TWC Group, a money management firm - Stephen FriedmanStephen Friedman (PFIAB)Stephen Friedman is the former Chairman of the United States President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board. He was nominated on October 27, 2005 to replace Brent Scowcroft in the position.-Life and career:...
, past chairman of Goldman SachsGoldman SachsThe Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is an American multinational bulge bracket investment banking and securities firm that engages in global investment banking, securities, investment management, and other financial services primarily with institutional clients... - Alfred Lerner, chief executive of MBNAMBNAMBNA Corporation was a bank holding company and parent company of wholly owned subsidiary MBNA America Bank, N.A., headquartered in Wilmington, Delaware, prior to being acquired by Bank of America in 2006...
- Ray Lee HuntRay Lee HuntRay Lee Hunt inherited most of father H.L. Hunt's Hunt Oil Co. along with his three sisters. In 1982, Forbes magazine estimated Ray Hunt's family's total net worth to be $200 million. Ray made a huge oil find in Yemen in 1984. It took two years for Hunt, partnering with other companies, to lay a...
, scion of the Texas oil fortune - Rita HauserRita HauserRita Eleanor Hauser is an international lawyer known for persuading Yasser Arafat and the Palestine Liberation Organization to renounce violence in 1988. She also served as United States Ambassador to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights from 1969 to 1972. George W...
, a prominent lawyer - David E. JeremiahDavid E. JeremiahAdmiral David Elmer Jeremiah, USN , is a former United States Navy officer, who served as Vice Chairman and also Acting Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Since his retirement from the Navy in February 1994, he has worked in the field of investment banking...
, a retired admiral - Arnold KanterArnold KanterArnold Kanter served as Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from 1991 to 1993. He also held a position on the White House staff from 1989 to 1991 as Special Assistant to the President and served in a variety of capacities in the State Department from 1977 to 1985...
, a national security official in the George H.W. Bush administration and a founding member of the Scowcroft Group - James C. Langdon, Jr.James C. Langdon, Jr.James Calhoun Langdon, Jr. is an American attorney and former government official. He served as a member and briefly chair of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board under George W. Bush. Langdon, a partner in the Akin Gump law firm, was one of Bush's "Pioneer" fundraisers.He earned a...
, a power-lawyer in Texas - Elisabeth Pate-CornellElisabeth Pate-CornellDr. M. Elisabeth Paté-Cornell, a specialist in engineering risk analysis, is professor of management science at Stanford University.She was born in 1948 in Dakar, Senegal...
, Chair of Management Science and Engineering at Stanford UniversityStanford UniversityThe Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private research university on an campus located near Palo Alto, California. It is situated in the northwestern Santa Clara Valley on the San Francisco Peninsula, approximately northwest of San... - John Harrison Streicker, a real estate magnate
- Philip Zelikow, a National Security Council staffer during the George H.W. Bush administration and later a counselor to Secretary of State Condoleezza RiceCondoleezza RiceCondoleezza Rice is an American political scientist and diplomat. She served as the 66th United States Secretary of State, and was the second person to hold that office in the administration of President George W. Bush...
In 2003 there were indications of spying on members of the board by a foreign intelligence asset.
PIAB Membership under Barack Obama
The entire PIAB membership that served under the administration of George W. Bush resigned as part of an agreed-upon move in the presidential transition of Barack Obama.Pres. Obama appointed Chuck Hagel
Chuck Hagel
Charles Timothy "Chuck" Hagel is a former United States Senator from Nebraska. A member of the Republican Party, he was first elected in 1996 and was reelected in 2002...
, former United States Senator from Nebraska
Nebraska
Nebraska is a state on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States. The state's capital is Lincoln and its largest city is Omaha, on the Missouri River....
, and current University of Oklahoma
University of Oklahoma
The University of Oklahoma is a coeducational public research university located in Norman, Oklahoma. Founded in 1890, it existed in Oklahoma Territory near Indian Territory for 17 years before the two became the state of Oklahoma. the university had 29,931 students enrolled, most located at its...
President David L. Boren
David L. Boren
David Lyle Boren is an academic leader and American politician from the state of Oklahoma. A Democrat, he served as the 21st Governor of Oklahoma from 1975 to 1979 and in the United States Senate from 1979 to 1994. He is currently president of the University of Oklahoma. He was the longest serving...
as PIAB co-chairs.
The following other members were appointed to the board in December 2009:
- Roel CamposRoel CamposRoel Clark Campos is a Hispanic-American business lawyer. He served as Securities and Exchange Commissioner between 2002–07 and is now a partner with the law firm Locke Lord, LLP. Campos was named to President-elect Barack Obama's economic advisory board and was considered a possible successor to...
- Lee H. HamiltonLee H. HamiltonLee Herbert Hamilton is a former member of the United States House of Representatives and currently a member of the U.S. Homeland Security Advisory Council. A member of the Democratic Party, Hamilton represented the 9th congressional district of Indiana from 1965 to 1999...
- Rita HauserRita HauserRita Eleanor Hauser is an international lawyer known for persuading Yasser Arafat and the Palestine Liberation Organization to renounce violence in 1988. She also served as United States Ambassador to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights from 1969 to 1972. George W...
- Paul Kaminski
- Ellen Laipson, president and CEO of the Henry L. Stimson Center
- Les Lyles
- Jami MiscikJami MiscikJudith A. "Jami" Miscik rose from the analytic ranks of the Central Intelligence Agency to become Deputy Director for Intelligence, the Agency's seniormost analytic post. In 2005 she left CIA to become Global Head of Sovereign Risk for the now-bankrupt financial services firm Lehman Brothers....
- Philip Zelikow appointed on September 8, 2011 by President Obama
Chairpersons
PIAB chairpersons have been:- 1956–1963: Dr. James KillianJames KillianJames Kilian is a professional American and Canadian football quarterback who is currently a free agent. He was drafted in the seventh round of the 2005 NFL Draft by the Kansas City Chiefs...
- 1963–1968: Mr. Clark CliffordClark CliffordClark McAdams Clifford was an American lawyer who served United States Presidents Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson and Jimmy Carter, serving as United States Secretary of Defense for Johnson....
- 1968–1970: Gen. Maxwell D. TaylorMaxwell D. TaylorGeneral Maxwell Davenport "Max" Taylor was an United States Army four star general and diplomat of the mid-20th century, who served as the fifth Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff after having been appointed by the President of the United States John F...
, USA (Ret.) - 1970–1976: Adm. George Whelan Anderson Jr, USN (Ret.)
- 1976–1977: Mr. Leo CherneLeo CherneLeo Cherne was an American economist, public servant and commentator. He graduated from New York Law School in 1935.His career spanned more than fifty years...
- 1982–1990: Amb. Anne ArmstrongAnne ArmstrongAnne Legendre Armstrong was a United States diplomat and politician, and the first female Counselor to the President; she served in that capacity under both the Ford and Nixon administrations. She was also the recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom.- Biography :She was born in New Orleans,...
- 1990–1991: Hon. John TowerJohn TowerJohn Goodwin Tower was the first Republican United States senator from Texas since Reconstruction. He served from 1961 until his retirement in January 1985, after which time he was the chairman of the Reagan-appointed Tower Commission that investigated the Iran-Contra Affair. He was George H. W...
- 1991–1993: Adm. Bobby Inman, USN (Ret.) (Acting)
- 1993–1994: Adm. William J. CroweWilliam J. CroweAdmiral William James Crowe, Jr. was a United States Navy Admiral who served as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush, and as the ambassador to the United Kingdom under President Bill Clinton.-Biography:Crowe was born in La Grange, Kentucky...
, Jr., USN (Ret.) - 1994–1995: Hon. Les AspinLes AspinLeslie "Les" Aspin, Jr. was a United States Representative from 1971 to 1993, and the United States Secretary of Defense under President Bill Clinton from January 21, 1993 to February 3, 1994.-Early life:...
- 1995–1996: Hon. Warren B. Rudman (Acting)
- 1996–1997: Hon. Thomas S. FoleyTom FoleyThomas Stephen Foley was the 57th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, serving from 1989 to 1995. He represented Washington's 5th congressional district for 30 years as a Democratic member from 1965 to 1995....
- 1997–2001: Hon. Warren B. Rudman
- 2001–2004: Lt. Gen. Brent ScowcroftBrent ScowcroftBrent Scowcroft, KBE was the United States National Security Advisor under Presidents Gerald Ford and George H. W. Bush and a Lieutenant General in the United States Air Force. He also served as Military Assistant to President Richard Nixon and as Deputy Assistant to the President for National...
, USAF (Ret.) - 2005: James C. Langdon, Jr.James C. Langdon, Jr.James Calhoun Langdon, Jr. is an American attorney and former government official. He served as a member and briefly chair of the President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board under George W. Bush. Langdon, a partner in the Akin Gump law firm, was one of Bush's "Pioneer" fundraisers.He earned a...
- 2006–2009 Stephen FriedmanStephen Friedman (PFIAB)Stephen Friedman is the former Chairman of the United States President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board. He was nominated on October 27, 2005 to replace Brent Scowcroft in the position.-Life and career:...
- 2009-present: Chuck HagelChuck HagelCharles Timothy "Chuck" Hagel is a former United States Senator from Nebraska. A member of the Republican Party, he was first elected in 1996 and was reelected in 2002...
and David L. BorenDavid L. BorenDavid Lyle Boren is an academic leader and American politician from the state of Oklahoma. A Democrat, he served as the 21st Governor of Oklahoma from 1975 to 1979 and in the United States Senate from 1979 to 1994. He is currently president of the University of Oklahoma. He was the longest serving...