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Alexander II (died April 21, 1073), born Anselmo da Baggio, was Pope
Pope

The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church and head of state of Vatican City. The current pope is Pope Benedict XVI, who was elected April 19, 2005 in Papal conclave, 2005....
 from 1061 to 1073.

He was born in Milan
Milan

Milan is the second largest city of Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. It is the capital in the Province of Milan, as well as the Regions of Italy capital of Lombardy....
. As bishop of Lucca he had been an energetic coadjutor with Hildebrand
Pope Gregory VII

Pope Saint Gregory VII , born Hildebrand of Soana , was papacy from April 22, 1073, until his death. One of the great reforming popes, he is perhaps best known for the part he played in the Investiture Controversy, his dispute with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor affirming the primacy of the papal authority and the new canon law governing...
 in endeavouring to suppress simony
Simony

Simony is the ecclesiastical crime of paying for holy offices or positions in the hierarchy of a church, named after Simon Magus, who appears in the Acts of the Apostles 8:18-24....
, and to enforce the celibacy of the clergy
Clerical celibacy

Clerical celibacy is the practice in various religion, in which clergy, monastics and those in religious orders adopt a celibacy life, refraining from marriage and human sexuality, including masturbation and "impure thoughts" ....
. His election
Papal election, 1061

The papal election of 1061 was held on September 30, 1061 in San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome, following the death of Pope Nicholas II. In accordance with Nicholas II's papal bull, In Nomine Domini, the cardinal bishops were the sole electors of the pope for the first time in the history of the Roman Catholic Church....
, which Hildebrand had arranged in conformity with the decree of 1059 (see Pope Nicholas II
Pope Nicholas II

Nicholas II , born G?rard de Bourgogne, Pope from 1059 to July 1061, was at the time of his election the Bishop of Florence....
), was not sanctioned by the imperial court of Germany. This court, true to the practice observed by it in the preceding elections, nominated another candidate, Cadalus, bishop of Parma, who was proclaimed at the council of Basel
Basel

Basel is Switzerland's third most populous city . With 731,000 inhabitants in the tri-national metropolitan area , Basel is Switzerland's third-largest urban area....
 under the name of antipope Honorius II
Antipope Honorius II

Honorius II , born Peter Cadalus, was an antipope from 1061 to 1072. He was born at Verona and became bishop of Parma in 1046. He died at Parma in 1072....
 (1061–72), marched to Rome, and for a long time threatened his rival's position.






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Alexander II (died April 21, 1073), born Anselmo da Baggio, was Pope
Pope

The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, the leader of the Roman Catholic Church and head of state of Vatican City. The current pope is Pope Benedict XVI, who was elected April 19, 2005 in Papal conclave, 2005....
 from 1061 to 1073.

He was born in Milan
Milan

Milan is the second largest city of Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. It is the capital in the Province of Milan, as well as the Regions of Italy capital of Lombardy....
. As bishop of Lucca he had been an energetic coadjutor with Hildebrand
Pope Gregory VII

Pope Saint Gregory VII , born Hildebrand of Soana , was papacy from April 22, 1073, until his death. One of the great reforming popes, he is perhaps best known for the part he played in the Investiture Controversy, his dispute with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor affirming the primacy of the papal authority and the new canon law governing...
 in endeavouring to suppress simony
Simony

Simony is the ecclesiastical crime of paying for holy offices or positions in the hierarchy of a church, named after Simon Magus, who appears in the Acts of the Apostles 8:18-24....
, and to enforce the celibacy of the clergy
Clerical celibacy

Clerical celibacy is the practice in various religion, in which clergy, monastics and those in religious orders adopt a celibacy life, refraining from marriage and human sexuality, including masturbation and "impure thoughts" ....
. His election
Papal election, 1061

The papal election of 1061 was held on September 30, 1061 in San Pietro in Vincoli in Rome, following the death of Pope Nicholas II. In accordance with Nicholas II's papal bull, In Nomine Domini, the cardinal bishops were the sole electors of the pope for the first time in the history of the Roman Catholic Church....
, which Hildebrand had arranged in conformity with the decree of 1059 (see Pope Nicholas II
Pope Nicholas II

Nicholas II , born G?rard de Bourgogne, Pope from 1059 to July 1061, was at the time of his election the Bishop of Florence....
), was not sanctioned by the imperial court of Germany. This court, true to the practice observed by it in the preceding elections, nominated another candidate, Cadalus, bishop of Parma, who was proclaimed at the council of Basel
Basel

Basel is Switzerland's third most populous city . With 731,000 inhabitants in the tri-national metropolitan area , Basel is Switzerland's third-largest urban area....
 under the name of antipope Honorius II
Antipope Honorius II

Honorius II , born Peter Cadalus, was an antipope from 1061 to 1072. He was born at Verona and became bishop of Parma in 1046. He died at Parma in 1072....
 (1061–72), marched to Rome, and for a long time threatened his rival's position. At length, however, he was forsaken by the Germanic court and deposed by a council held at Mantua
Mantua

Mantua is a city in Lombardy, Italy and capital of the Province of Mantua of the same name.Mantua is surrounded on three sides by artificial lakes created during the 12th century....
; and Alexander II's position remained unchallenged.

In 1065, he admonished Landulf VI of Benevento
Landulf VI of Benevento

Landulf VI was the last prince of Benevento. Unlike his predecessors, he never had a chance to rule alone and independent. The principality lost its independence in 1051, at which point Landulf was only co-ruling with his father, Pandulf III of Benevento....
 "that the conversion of Jews is not to be obtained by force."

In 1066, he entertained the embassy from William the Conqueror which had been sent to obtain his blessing for the Norman conquest of England
Norman conquest of England

The Norman conquest of England began in 1066 AD with the invasion of the Kingdom of England by the troops of William I of England, Duke of Normandy , and his victory at the Battle of Hastings....
. This he gave to them, gifting to them a papal ring
Ring

Ring may refer to:...
, the standard of St. Peter, and a papal edict
Edict

An edict is an announcement of a law, often associated with monarchy. The Pope and various micronational leaders are currently the only persons who still issue edicts....
 to present to the English clergy
Clergy

Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given religion. The term comes from the Greek language ?????? - kleros, "a lot", "that which is assigned by lot" or metaphorically, "heritage"....
 saying that William was given the papal blessing
Blessing

A blessing, is the infusion of something with Sacred, divine will, or one's hopes....
 for the bid for the throne
Throne

A throne is the official chair or seat upon which a monarch is seated on state or ceremonial occasions. "Throne" in an abstract sense can also refer to the monarchy or the Crown itself, an instance of metonymy, and is also used in many terms such as "power behind the throne"....
. These favours were instrumental in the submission of the English church
Church Body

A local church is a Christian religious organization made up of a congregation, its members and clergy. They are organized more or less formally, with constitutions and by-laws, maintain offices, sometimes seek non-profit corporate status in the United States and often have state or regional structures....
 and people
People

The English noun people has two distinct fields of application:* as a Count noun, a group of humans, either with unspecified traits, or specific characteristics ....
 following the Battle of Hastings
Battle of Hastings

The Battle of Hastings was the decisive Normans victory in the Norman Conquest of England. It was fought between the Norman army of William I of England, and the English people army led by Harold Godwinson....
.

Alexander II oversaw the suppression of the 'Alleluia' during the Latin Church's celebration of Lent.

Alexander II was followed by his associate Hildebrand, who took the title of Gregory VII
Pope Gregory VII

Pope Saint Gregory VII , born Hildebrand of Soana , was papacy from April 22, 1073, until his death. One of the great reforming popes, he is perhaps best known for the part he played in the Investiture Controversy, his dispute with Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor affirming the primacy of the papal authority and the new canon law governing...
 (1073–85).

Sources

  • Simonsohn, Shlomo. The Apostolic See and the Jews, Documents: 492-1404.*Cabrol, Fernand. Liturgical Prayer: Its History and Spirit. 2003. p. 46.