Poles in Azerbaijan
Encyclopedia
Poles
in Azerbaijan
have a long and notable history. Current Polish population of the Republic of Azerbaijan isn't large although in the capital city Baku
, the number of people with Polish descent
reaches 2,000. They form one of the ethnic groups established in Azerbaijan for centuries. There are thousand of self-identified Poles who live in Azerbaijan. In the 19th century both, Azerbaijan and parts of Poland were ruled by the Russian Empire
which also played a role.
) for the first time already in the 15th century, then again at the end of the 16th and in the 17th century, although they didn't have a significant political impact. A substantial number of Poles can be seen among the missionaries who came to Azerbaijan at the end of the 16th century during the reign of Shah Abbas I in the Safavid Empire of Azerbaijan and Iran. The missionaries, often distinguished by knowledge of several languages, also tried to learn the local dialects. They wrote down observations of the living reality that surrounded them. In 17th century, missionaries Paul Wroczyński, Jedrzej Zielonacki and Alexander Kulesza setup a mission in Ganja
, in the 1680s. The activities of the missionaries were an important link in understanding and rapprochement of the values of East and West. Missionaries and their followers brought gifts to the court of Shah in the form of valuable paintings, illuminated manuscripts of the Bible, etc. They also raised the subject of positive associations with the Polish people.
The Poles began to appear in Azerbaijan from the 13th century on, mainly as abductees, captured by the Tatars
, but also as those who came there voluntarily. Since the beginning of the 19th century, Azerbaijan was of interest to Polish travelers as well as romantic poets
which can be seen through their work.
Poles in Azerbaijan appeared after I partition of Poland
(1772). At this time Russia
waged a war of aggression in the Caucasus, and as forced recruits here involved young men from all the occupied territories (mostly from Poland). Caucasus in the 19th century was, along with Siberia
, one of the main places of exile Poles. After the first partition of Poland, they appear as recruits in the Caucasian Corps. In 1813, 10,000 prisoners of Poles has been sent to Caucasus, most of them were members of the Polish Legions in the Napoleon's army. In 1831, after the failed November Uprising
a new wave of the exiled Polish insurgents arrived in Azerbaijan. The main points where the Poles were sent to military service, were in Azerbaijan - Quba
, Qusar
, Shamakhi
, Ganja
, Baku
, and Zaqatala
. Buildings of Catholic chapels, which were once built for the military Catholic Poles and their families in Quba and Zaqatala are still remaining there.
The next batch of repressed Poles were exiled to the Caucasus after the uprising of 1863 (the January Uprising
). The Poles have referred to the Caucasus and in Transcaucasia until the end of the 19th century. By the beginning of the 20th century. in the Caucasus have been resettled 17,264 people. The last Polish exiles in Azerbaijan, which has so far been identified, was Edward Strump. In 1900, in Warsaw
, he published his book Pictures of the Caucasus. Some Polish exiles were completely deprived of their liberty and detained in custody in places like the island fortress and Zaqatala
Nargin. Absheron peninsula was intensively developed oil industry. This, in turn, created conditions for the emergence of new and development of traditional industries. Baku turned into a international city. In 1897 Polish population was reaching about two thousand. In 1913, employees were among the Poles in Baku were making 52.2%.
created the "Polish Committee of Baku on the organization of aid war-ravaged population of the Kingdom of Poland." This was associated with the appearance in Baku wave of Polish refugees. All Polish organizations were merged into "The Council of Polish Organizations in Baku." It should be noted that the Poles are also united by the Catholic faith. At the locations of the Polish regiments in the Caucasus were built chapel. In Baku, thanks to the Polish diaspora government agreed on to build a Catholic Church. Local people called it Polish church. During in Stalin regyme, the church was destroyed. The building is another Catholic church, built by the Poles in the city Qusar - survived. This building today is known among locals as "The Polish Catholic church."
With the establishment of Soviet power in Azerbaijan, many Poles left the country and returned to their historical homeland. The activities of the Polish organizations (as well as other national associations) were banned. Many persons of Polish origin were forced to change nationality.
The idea of Polish organization was first expressed by Ofilom Ismailov (Kulchitsky) in 2000. In 2001, he gathered a group of people of Polish descent of 16 people and put forward a proposal for the creation of the Polish community, while noting that, according to the census beginning of the 1990s, Azerbaijan population of Poles were close to thousand. Following his suggestion Elena Teer, who was fluent in Polish language was chosen as the chairman of the organization. However, the selected governing bodies of the Polish organizations were not active enough in the future, and the decision of the meeting lost its validity for the Ministry of Justice. Under existing legislation, the documents for registration of the organization should be submitted no later than one month from the date of the meeting, which was not done. In 1991 they've established a Polish community organization called "Polonia".
Father Stefan Demurow was pastor of a Catholic church in Baku. Demurow Stefan was born in Tbilisi in 1871, graduated from seminary in 1895. and before the arrival in Baku was the pastor of a Catholic church in Kutaisi (1895 -1902) and Perekopiu (1902-1904).
The Stalinist era was a big damage to religious organizations. Since the 1930s Soviet regyme began to mass repression, with arresting one thousand priests. In 1938, the Catholic church in Baku was destroyed. But Catholics were meeting secretly, with risking their own life. Demurow was arrested on November 14, 1937 and sentenced to death. After the tragic events in Azerbaijan Catholicism
ceased to exist. The revival occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet Union
. In 1992 a group of Poles in Baku asked the Vatican to create opportunities for the pastoral care of religious Poles. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1997 group of Polish Catholics with a Catholic priest from Poland - Jerzy Pilyus arrived in Baku. In 2002 Pope John Paul II
officially visited Azerbaijan. He was initially invited by Azerbaijan's then president, Heydar Aliyev
. Thanks to his visit, President Aliyev gave the Catholic Church a plot of land to build a church. The building was funded by proceeds from Pope John Paul II's book sales and foreign donations.
. Many Poles were living in Azerbaijan at that time. Even earlier, in the 19th century, the Poles were visiting Azerbaijan for various reasons such as political exiles, the tsarist army soldiers recruited from the Polish Kingdom, as well as Poles looking for a good job, especially during the dynamic development of Baku city - the so-called oil boom at the beginning twentieth century. There was then in Baku several Polish organizations - the Council of Polish Organisations, Association "Polish House", the Polish Society of Mutual Aid, "Focus", Polish Benevolent Society, and even the Union of Polish Youth.
The Poles have made a major contribution to economic development
, scientific, cultural, education
areas of the country. There were doctors, teachers, and military engineers among them.
The largest contribution to the economic development of Azerbaijan has made by Witold Zglenicki
. He was a pioneer engineer Witold sourcing crude oil from the seabed, has developed a project life of these deposits and the invention was of great importance for further economic development in Azerbaijan. He also sponsored a foundation for the development of Polish culture and science which brought him the reputation as the "Polish Nobel".
In Azerbaijan, prominent scholars of Polish origin also lived who have made a major contribution to the scientific and technical development. In 1919 Baku State University
was established, which was of great importance for the overall development of the whole scientific system in a country that was backward at that time. Among the lecturers there were many professors of Polish origin. In the medical field - prof. Paul Zdrodowski (microbiology), prof. Uszyński, Malinowski, Różanowski, Berłacki, Mizernicki, Zamuchowski, in the social sciences - prof. Alexander Makowielski, Wsewołod Bronisław Tomaszewski, Aleksander Selichanowicz, M. Dabrowski, M. Downar-Zapolski, Associate Professor P. Piłaszewski, in other fields - prof. K. Krasuski (chemistry), Associate Professor P. Michalewski (geophysics) were among them.
Stanislaw Despot-Zenovich, who made a great deal for the improvement of the city was Mayor of Baku 16 years (1878-1894). Paul Potocki(1879-1932) was the first who applied the technique of draining the sea bottom for oil in the filling of the bay Bibiheybət. The first rector of the Baku Polytechnic Institute, was Professor Nicholas Dombrowski.
In Baku, proceeded musical career a wonderful musician - cellist of Polish descent - Leopold Rostropovich, there he had a son - the world-famous cellist Mstislav Rostropovich
. Were widely known names, and other musicians of Polish descent. The conductor of Opera and Ballet Theater Vladimir Trahimovich, a teacher of piano Regina Sirovich, author of the best and relevant to the present day tutorial for piano (co-authored with L. Egorova), a famous jazz musician, Bronislaw Posadovsky were also among known Poles of Azerbaijani music scene.
Many Poles have left Azerbaijan after Russian Revolution while other Polish families were leaving the country for various reasons, often because of better jobs and opportunities for children to learn and work in the Russian capitals - Moscow
and Leningrad
. After the revolution, most local authorities did not pay attention to the nationality of the citizens' personal documents. In the first years after the Revolution, local authorities often recorded in the documents of the Poles as a "Russian".
Poles
thumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe...
in Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...
have a long and notable history. Current Polish population of the Republic of Azerbaijan isn't large although in the capital city Baku
Baku
Baku , sometimes spelled as Baki or Bakou, is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. It is located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, which projects into the Caspian Sea. The city consists of two principal...
, the number of people with Polish descent
Poles
thumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe...
reaches 2,000. They form one of the ethnic groups established in Azerbaijan for centuries. There are thousand of self-identified Poles who live in Azerbaijan. In the 19th century both, Azerbaijan and parts of Poland were ruled by the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
which also played a role.
History of Poles in Azerbaijan
The Aq Qoyunlu Empire had established relations with Poland (later, the Polish-Lithuanian CommonwealthPolish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a dualistic state of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch. It was the largest and one of the most populous countries of 16th- and 17th‑century Europe with some and a multi-ethnic population of 11 million at its peak in the early 17th century...
) for the first time already in the 15th century, then again at the end of the 16th and in the 17th century, although they didn't have a significant political impact. A substantial number of Poles can be seen among the missionaries who came to Azerbaijan at the end of the 16th century during the reign of Shah Abbas I in the Safavid Empire of Azerbaijan and Iran. The missionaries, often distinguished by knowledge of several languages, also tried to learn the local dialects. They wrote down observations of the living reality that surrounded them. In 17th century, missionaries Paul Wroczyński, Jedrzej Zielonacki and Alexander Kulesza setup a mission in Ganja
Ganja, Azerbaijan
Ganja is Azerbaijan's second-largest city with a population of around 313,300. It was named Yelizavetpol in the Russian Empire period. The city regained its original name—Ganja—from 1920–1935 during the first part of its incorporation into the Soviet Union. However, its name was changed again and...
, in the 1680s. The activities of the missionaries were an important link in understanding and rapprochement of the values of East and West. Missionaries and their followers brought gifts to the court of Shah in the form of valuable paintings, illuminated manuscripts of the Bible, etc. They also raised the subject of positive associations with the Polish people.
The Poles began to appear in Azerbaijan from the 13th century on, mainly as abductees, captured by the Tatars
Tatars
Tatars are a Turkic speaking ethnic group , numbering roughly 7 million.The majority of Tatars live in the Russian Federation, with a population of around 5.5 million, about 2 million of which in the republic of Tatarstan.Significant minority populations are found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan,...
, but also as those who came there voluntarily. Since the beginning of the 19th century, Azerbaijan was of interest to Polish travelers as well as romantic poets
Romanticism in Poland
Romanticism in Poland was a literary, artistic and intellectual period in the evolution of Polish culture that began around 1820, coinciding with the publication of Adam Mickiewicz's first poems in 1822. It ended with the suppression of the January 1863 Uprising against the Russian Empire in 1864. ...
which can be seen through their work.
Poles in Azerbaijan appeared after I partition of Poland
Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland for 123 years...
(1772). At this time Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
waged a war of aggression in the Caucasus, and as forced recruits here involved young men from all the occupied territories (mostly from Poland). Caucasus in the 19th century was, along with Siberia
Siberia
Siberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...
, one of the main places of exile Poles. After the first partition of Poland, they appear as recruits in the Caucasian Corps. In 1813, 10,000 prisoners of Poles has been sent to Caucasus, most of them were members of the Polish Legions in the Napoleon's army. In 1831, after the failed November Uprising
November Uprising
The November Uprising , Polish–Russian War 1830–31 also known as the Cadet Revolution, was an armed rebellion in the heartland of partitioned Poland against the Russian Empire. The uprising began on 29 November 1830 in Warsaw when the young Polish officers from the local Army of the Congress...
a new wave of the exiled Polish insurgents arrived in Azerbaijan. The main points where the Poles were sent to military service, were in Azerbaijan - Quba
Quba
Quba is a rayon in northeastern Azerbaijan. The capital is located on the Kudyal River at 41.37°N, 48.50°E....
, Qusar
Qusar
Qusar is a rayon of Azerbaijan. Its capital is Qusar.-External links:***...
, Shamakhi
Shamakhi
Shamakhi or Shamakhy is a rayon of the Republic of Azerbaijan, and a town in the rayon. It is the historical center of the region of Shirvan.The town is west of Baku. It has more than 20,000 inhabitants, among them Azerbaijanis and Russians...
, Ganja
Ganja
Ganja is Azerbaijan's second-largest city with a population of around 313,300. It was named Yelizavetpol in the Russian Empire period. The city regained its original name—Ganja—from 1920–1935 during the first part of its incorporation into the Soviet Union. However, its name was changed again and...
, Baku
Baku
Baku , sometimes spelled as Baki or Bakou, is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. It is located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, which projects into the Caspian Sea. The city consists of two principal...
, and Zaqatala
Zaqatala (city)
Zaqatala ; is a city in northwest Azerbaijan. With a municipal population of 31,300 inhabitants, it is located northwest of Sheki, by the Tala River and is the main municipality of the Zaqatala rayon...
. Buildings of Catholic chapels, which were once built for the military Catholic Poles and their families in Quba and Zaqatala are still remaining there.
The next batch of repressed Poles were exiled to the Caucasus after the uprising of 1863 (the January Uprising
January Uprising
The January Uprising was an uprising in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth against the Russian Empire...
). The Poles have referred to the Caucasus and in Transcaucasia until the end of the 19th century. By the beginning of the 20th century. in the Caucasus have been resettled 17,264 people. The last Polish exiles in Azerbaijan, which has so far been identified, was Edward Strump. In 1900, in Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
, he published his book Pictures of the Caucasus. Some Polish exiles were completely deprived of their liberty and detained in custody in places like the island fortress and Zaqatala
Zaqatala (city)
Zaqatala ; is a city in northwest Azerbaijan. With a municipal population of 31,300 inhabitants, it is located northwest of Sheki, by the Tala River and is the main municipality of the Zaqatala rayon...
Nargin. Absheron peninsula was intensively developed oil industry. This, in turn, created conditions for the emergence of new and development of traditional industries. Baku turned into a international city. In 1897 Polish population was reaching about two thousand. In 1913, employees were among the Poles in Baku were making 52.2%.
Polish community
In 1903, the Poles established a "Roman Catholic Charitable Society," which opened the library and school. In August 17, 1909 the company "Polish House in Baku," was registered whose goal was the cultural development of the Polish population. When the society began to function, another Polish School was established. At the beginning of World War IWorld War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
created the "Polish Committee of Baku on the organization of aid war-ravaged population of the Kingdom of Poland." This was associated with the appearance in Baku wave of Polish refugees. All Polish organizations were merged into "The Council of Polish Organizations in Baku." It should be noted that the Poles are also united by the Catholic faith. At the locations of the Polish regiments in the Caucasus were built chapel. In Baku, thanks to the Polish diaspora government agreed on to build a Catholic Church. Local people called it Polish church. During in Stalin regyme, the church was destroyed. The building is another Catholic church, built by the Poles in the city Qusar - survived. This building today is known among locals as "The Polish Catholic church."
With the establishment of Soviet power in Azerbaijan, many Poles left the country and returned to their historical homeland. The activities of the Polish organizations (as well as other national associations) were banned. Many persons of Polish origin were forced to change nationality.
The idea of Polish organization was first expressed by Ofilom Ismailov (Kulchitsky) in 2000. In 2001, he gathered a group of people of Polish descent of 16 people and put forward a proposal for the creation of the Polish community, while noting that, according to the census beginning of the 1990s, Azerbaijan population of Poles were close to thousand. Following his suggestion Elena Teer, who was fluent in Polish language was chosen as the chairman of the organization. However, the selected governing bodies of the Polish organizations were not active enough in the future, and the decision of the meeting lost its validity for the Ministry of Justice. Under existing legislation, the documents for registration of the organization should be submitted no later than one month from the date of the meeting, which was not done. In 1991 they've established a Polish community organization called "Polonia".
Catholic role
Roman Catholic Benevolent Society and the Catholic Polish Community were formed on 5 January, 1903. The Society opened a library-reading room. Scheduled was a refuge for old people and children. Reading was the only company in a free reading room. Chairman of the Society was known oil magnate Stefan Rylski. Society headquarters building located in Rilski. This building (architect J. Płoszko) has been preserved to this day. (Street Memmedeliyev, 11). April 27, 1903, he was enlightened by the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of the foundation of the Blessed Virgin Mary. At that time, the number of Catholics have already reached 9-10 thousands of people.Father Stefan Demurow was pastor of a Catholic church in Baku. Demurow Stefan was born in Tbilisi in 1871, graduated from seminary in 1895. and before the arrival in Baku was the pastor of a Catholic church in Kutaisi (1895 -1902) and Perekopiu (1902-1904).
The Stalinist era was a big damage to religious organizations. Since the 1930s Soviet regyme began to mass repression, with arresting one thousand priests. In 1938, the Catholic church in Baku was destroyed. But Catholics were meeting secretly, with risking their own life. Demurow was arrested on November 14, 1937 and sentenced to death. After the tragic events in Azerbaijan Catholicism
Catholicism
Catholicism is a broad term for the body of the Catholic faith, its theologies and doctrines, its liturgical, ethical, spiritual, and behavioral characteristics, as well as a religious people as a whole....
ceased to exist. The revival occurred only after the collapse of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
. In 1992 a group of Poles in Baku asked the Vatican to create opportunities for the pastoral care of religious Poles. After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1997 group of Polish Catholics with a Catholic priest from Poland - Jerzy Pilyus arrived in Baku. In 2002 Pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II
Blessed Pope John Paul II , born Karol Józef Wojtyła , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City from 16 October 1978 until his death on 2 April 2005, at of age. His was the second-longest documented pontificate, which lasted ; only Pope Pius IX ...
officially visited Azerbaijan. He was initially invited by Azerbaijan's then president, Heydar Aliyev
Heydar Aliyev
Heydar Alirza oglu Aliyev , also spelled as Heidar Aliev, Geidar Aliev, Haydar Aliyev, Geydar Aliyev was the third President of Azerbaijan for the New Azerbaijan Party from June 1993 to October 2003, when his son Ilham Aliyev succeeded him.From 1969 till 1982, Aliyev was also the leader of Soviet...
. Thanks to his visit, President Aliyev gave the Catholic Church a plot of land to build a church. The building was funded by proceeds from Pope John Paul II's book sales and foreign donations.
Poles' role in Azerbaijan's history
The first Polish social organizations in Azerbaijan were created at the beginning of the twentieth century in BakuBaku
Baku , sometimes spelled as Baki or Bakou, is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. It is located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, which projects into the Caspian Sea. The city consists of two principal...
. Many Poles were living in Azerbaijan at that time. Even earlier, in the 19th century, the Poles were visiting Azerbaijan for various reasons such as political exiles, the tsarist army soldiers recruited from the Polish Kingdom, as well as Poles looking for a good job, especially during the dynamic development of Baku city - the so-called oil boom at the beginning twentieth century. There was then in Baku several Polish organizations - the Council of Polish Organisations, Association "Polish House", the Polish Society of Mutual Aid, "Focus", Polish Benevolent Society, and even the Union of Polish Youth.
The Poles have made a major contribution to economic development
Economic development
Economic development generally refers to the sustained, concerted actions of policymakers and communities that promote the standard of living and economic health of a specific area...
, scientific, cultural, education
Education
Education in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts...
areas of the country. There were doctors, teachers, and military engineers among them.
The largest contribution to the economic development of Azerbaijan has made by Witold Zglenicki
Witold Zglenicki
Witold Zglenicki, rus. Витольд Згленицкий was a Polish geologist and philanthropist.Zglenicki was born in Stara Wargawa....
. He was a pioneer engineer Witold sourcing crude oil from the seabed, has developed a project life of these deposits and the invention was of great importance for further economic development in Azerbaijan. He also sponsored a foundation for the development of Polish culture and science which brought him the reputation as the "Polish Nobel".
In Azerbaijan, prominent scholars of Polish origin also lived who have made a major contribution to the scientific and technical development. In 1919 Baku State University
Baku State University
Baku State University is a public university located in Baku, Azerbaijan. Established in 1919 by the Parliament of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, the University started with faculties of history and philology; physics and mathematics; law and medicine with an initial enrollment of 1094...
was established, which was of great importance for the overall development of the whole scientific system in a country that was backward at that time. Among the lecturers there were many professors of Polish origin. In the medical field - prof. Paul Zdrodowski (microbiology), prof. Uszyński, Malinowski, Różanowski, Berłacki, Mizernicki, Zamuchowski, in the social sciences - prof. Alexander Makowielski, Wsewołod Bronisław Tomaszewski, Aleksander Selichanowicz, M. Dabrowski, M. Downar-Zapolski, Associate Professor P. Piłaszewski, in other fields - prof. K. Krasuski (chemistry), Associate Professor P. Michalewski (geophysics) were among them.
Stanislaw Despot-Zenovich, who made a great deal for the improvement of the city was Mayor of Baku 16 years (1878-1894). Paul Potocki(1879-1932) was the first who applied the technique of draining the sea bottom for oil in the filling of the bay Bibiheybət. The first rector of the Baku Polytechnic Institute, was Professor Nicholas Dombrowski.
In Baku, proceeded musical career a wonderful musician - cellist of Polish descent - Leopold Rostropovich, there he had a son - the world-famous cellist Mstislav Rostropovich
Mstislav Rostropovich
Mstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich, KBE , known to close friends as Slava, was a Soviet and Russian cellist and conductor. He was married to the soprano Galina Vishnevskaya. He is widely considered to have been the greatest cellist of the second half of the 20th century, and one of the greatest of...
. Were widely known names, and other musicians of Polish descent. The conductor of Opera and Ballet Theater Vladimir Trahimovich, a teacher of piano Regina Sirovich, author of the best and relevant to the present day tutorial for piano (co-authored with L. Egorova), a famous jazz musician, Bronislaw Posadovsky were also among known Poles of Azerbaijani music scene.
Many Poles have left Azerbaijan after Russian Revolution while other Polish families were leaving the country for various reasons, often because of better jobs and opportunities for children to learn and work in the Russian capitals - Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
and Leningrad
Leningrad
Leningrad is the former name of Saint Petersburg, Russia.Leningrad may also refer to:- Places :* Leningrad Oblast, a federal subject of Russia, around Saint Petersburg* Leningrad, Tajikistan, capital of Muminobod district in Khatlon Province...
. After the revolution, most local authorities did not pay attention to the nationality of the citizens' personal documents. In the first years after the Revolution, local authorities often recorded in the documents of the Poles as a "Russian".
Architecture
Architecture was the area that probably the Poles most contributed to. Józef Gosławski (Polish architect) and Iosif Ploshko are especially notable.Notable people
- Józef Gosławski, sculptor
- Józef Plośko, architect
- Maciej Sulkiewicz, first General Staff of Azerbaijani Armed ForcesGeneral Staff of Azerbaijani Armed ForcesThe General Staff of the Armed Forces of Azerbaijan Republic is the military staff of the Azerbaijani Armed Forces. It is the central organ of the Armed Forces Administration and oversees operational management of the armed forces under the Ministry of Defense of Azerbaijan Republic.The Chief of...
- Alexander Makovelsky, a philosopher, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of USSR
- Mstislav RostropovichMstislav RostropovichMstislav Leopoldovich Rostropovich, KBE , known to close friends as Slava, was a Soviet and Russian cellist and conductor. He was married to the soprano Galina Vishnevskaya. He is widely considered to have been the greatest cellist of the second half of the 20th century, and one of the greatest of...
, world-known cellist - Witold ZglenickiWitold ZglenickiWitold Zglenicki, rus. Витольд Згленицкий was a Polish geologist and philanthropist.Zglenicki was born in Stara Wargawa....
, geologist and philanthropist, "Polish Nobel" - Stephen Skshyvan, an engineer, builder of aqueducts
- Paul Zdrodovsky, Microbiologist
- Michal Abramovich , a geologist, oilman.
- Jozef Essman, hydraulic
- Caesar Bareka, a writer.
See also
- Church of the Immaculate Conception, Baku
- The Spring to ComeThe Spring to ComeThe Polish novel Przedwiośnie was written by the leading Polish neoromantic writer Stefan Żeromski, and first published in 1925, the year he died. The book has been translated and published in the U.S...
- Azerbaijan-Poland relations
- Demographics of AzerbaijanDemographics of AzerbaijanThis article is about the demographic features of the population of Azerbaijan, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population....
- Sybirak