Plagiaulacida
Encyclopedia
Plagiaulacida is a group of extinct multituberculate
mammal
s. Multituberculates were among the most common mammals of the Mesozoic
, "the age of the dinosaur
s". Plagiaulacids, an informal suborder, are the most basal of this order, and ranged from the Middle Jurassic
Period to the Lower Cretaceous
Period of the northern hemisphere
.
Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum (2001) divides “Plagiaulacida” into three informal lineages, each of which seems to represent a natural group (an ancestor and all its descendants). However, a firmer conclusion must await further evidence.
The family Allodontidae
is known from two genera from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation
of North America
.
The family Zofiabaataridae contains a single genus, Zofiabaatar
and is also from the Morrison Formation. The affinities of a further Morrison Formation genus, Glirodon
, are unclear, but it’s also within the Allodontid line.
The genera of the family Paulchoffatiidae
are divided into two of subfamilies, plus a couple of harder-to-place individuals:
Subfamily Paulchoffatiinae includes Paulchoffatia
and its relatives. This taxon contains nine genera.
Subfamily Kuehneodontinae consists solely of the genus Kuehneodon
, though there are half-a-dozen named species.
Other genera include Galveodon
and Sunnyodon
, both based on teeth from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain and England respectively.
Also referable to the paulchoffatiid line, but not the family itself, are the following:
Family Hahnodontidae, which is presently restricted to a single lower tooth from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco
, (Hahnodon
).
Family Pinheirodontidae
is known from Lower Cretaceous teeth found in Iberia
and England.
is known from the Upper Jurassic (North America) to Lower Cretaceous (Europe and Asia
).
Plagiaulax
, Bolodon
, Ctenacodon
' brentbaatar. 'Ctenacodon requires renaming, while as of 2001 material from China
has yet to be described.
Family Albionbaataridae
is known from the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous of Europe and Asia, (China – undescribed, 2001). These were shrew-sized Multituberculates, with some similarities to the paulchoffis.
Members of the family Eobaataridae
display dental similarities with some of the Paracimexomys group
, (Cimolodonta
). They are known from the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous of Europe and Asia, (China – undescribed, 2001).
Sinobaatar
was described after the study by Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum (2001). It might be based on some of the Chinese material they mentioned as undescribed. The Mongolia
n word ‘baatar’ is frequently employed in the nomenclature of Multituberculates. This reflects the fact that many of the most complete fossils have been recovered from sites in Mongolia, though this more applies to members of the more derived Cimolodonta
.
A couple of further genera possibly fit somewhere within “Plagiaulacida”. This has been tentatively proposed for Janumys
of the Middle Cretaceous. Its contemporary, Ameribaatar
, is of uncertain affinities. Both were first described late in 2001.
Marsh, 1880
Multituberculata
The Multituberculata were a group of rodent-like mammals that existed for approximately one hundred and twenty million years—the longest fossil history of any mammal lineage—but were eventually outcompeted by rodents, becoming extinct during the early Oligocene. At least 200 species are...
mammal
Mammal
Mammals are members of a class of air-breathing vertebrate animals characterised by the possession of endothermy, hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands functional in mothers with young...
s. Multituberculates were among the most common mammals of the Mesozoic
Mesozoic
The Mesozoic era is an interval of geological time from about 250 million years ago to about 65 million years ago. It is often referred to as the age of reptiles because reptiles, namely dinosaurs, were the dominant terrestrial and marine vertebrates of the time...
, "the age of the dinosaur
Dinosaur
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of animals of the clade and superorder Dinosauria. They were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates for over 160 million years, from the late Triassic period until the end of the Cretaceous , when the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event led to the extinction of...
s". Plagiaulacids, an informal suborder, are the most basal of this order, and ranged from the Middle Jurassic
Jurassic
The Jurassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about Mya to Mya, that is, from the end of the Triassic to the beginning of the Cretaceous. The Jurassic constitutes the middle period of the Mesozoic era, also known as the age of reptiles. The start of the period is marked by...
Period to the Lower Cretaceous
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous , derived from the Latin "creta" , usually abbreviated K for its German translation Kreide , is a geologic period and system from circa to million years ago. In the geologic timescale, the Cretaceous follows the Jurassic period and is followed by the Paleogene period of the...
Period of the northern hemisphere
Northern Hemisphere
The Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planet that is north of its equator—the word hemisphere literally means “half sphere”. It is also that half of the celestial sphere north of the celestial equator...
.
Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum (2001) divides “Plagiaulacida” into three informal lineages, each of which seems to represent a natural group (an ancestor and all its descendants). However, a firmer conclusion must await further evidence.
Allodontid line (possibly Superfamily Allodontoidea?)
Both allodontids and paulchoffatiids (below) were among the most basal of the plagiaulacids. The Allodontid line contains:The family Allodontidae
Allodontidae
Allodontidae is a family of extinct mammal that lived in what is now North America during the Upper Jurassic period. Allodontids were members of the order Multituberculata. They were relatively early mammals and are within the informal suborder of "Plagiaulacida". The family was named by Othniel...
is known from two genera from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation
Morrison Formation
The Morrison Formation is a distinctive sequence of Late Jurassic sedimentary rock that is found in the western United States, which has been the most fertile source of dinosaur fossils in North America. It is composed of mudstone, sandstone, siltstone and limestone and is light grey, greenish...
of North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
.
The family Zofiabaataridae contains a single genus, Zofiabaatar
Zofiabaatar
Zofiabaatar is a genus of extinct mammal from the Upper Jurassic period. It was a relatively early member of the extinct order Multituberculata within the suborder "Plagiaulacida". It lived in North America along with dinosaurs such as Diplodocus and Allosaurus.The primary species is named...
and is also from the Morrison Formation. The affinities of a further Morrison Formation genus, Glirodon
Glirodon
Glirodon is a genus of extinct mammal from the Upper Jurassic. It was a relatively early member of the also-extinct order of Multituberculata, suborder "Plagiaulacida". These mammals lived in North America during the Mesozoic, also known as the "age of the dinosaurs".The genus Glirodon has been...
, are unclear, but it’s also within the Allodontid line.
Paulchoffatiid line (possibly Superfamily Paulchoffatioidea?)
Some remains from the Middle Jurassic of England might belong within this group. Representatives are best known from the Upper Jurassic, (especially from Guimarota, Portugal), though some were still extant during the Lower Cretaceous.The genera of the family Paulchoffatiidae
Paulchoffatiidae
Paulchoffatiidae is a family of extinct mammals that lived predominantly during the Upper Jurassic period, though a couple of genera are known from the earliest Cretaceous. Some undescribed fossils from the Middle Jurassic of England may represent earlier versions. Remains have been reported from...
are divided into two of subfamilies, plus a couple of harder-to-place individuals:
Subfamily Paulchoffatiinae includes Paulchoffatia
Paulchoffatia
Paulchoffatia is a genus of extinct mammal of the Upper Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous. It was a relatively early member of the also extinct order Multituberculata, within the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Paulchoffatiidae. It lived in Europe during the "age of the dinosaurs."The genus...
and its relatives. This taxon contains nine genera.
Subfamily Kuehneodontinae consists solely of the genus Kuehneodon
Kuehneodon
Kuehneodon is a genus of extinct mammal of the Upper Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous of Europe. It was a relatively early member of the also extinct order of Multituberculata. Members of this genus lived alongside such dinosaurs as Allosaurus. It belongs to the suborder "Plagiaulacida", family...
, though there are half-a-dozen named species.
Other genera include Galveodon
Galveodon
Galveodon is an extinct, Spanish mammal of the Lower Cretaceous. It was a relatively early representative of the also extinct order of Multituberculata. It lived during 'the age of the dinosaurs'...
and Sunnyodon
Sunnyodon
Sunnyodon is a tiny, extinct mammal, probably of the Lower Cretaceous. It was a relatively early member of the also extinct order of Multituberculata. It lived in obscurity in southern England during the "age of the dinosaurs"...
, both based on teeth from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain and England respectively.
Also referable to the paulchoffatiid line, but not the family itself, are the following:
Family Hahnodontidae, which is presently restricted to a single lower tooth from the Upper Cretaceous of Morocco
Morocco
Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...
, (Hahnodon
Hahnodon
Hahnodon is a genus of extinct mammal of the Lower Cretaceous. It was a relatively early member of the also extinct order Multituberculata...
).
Family Pinheirodontidae
Pinheirodontidae
Pinheirodontidae is a poorly known family of fossil mammals within the order Multituberculata. Remains are known from the earliest Cretaceous of Europe, , but are so far restricted to teeth. These small plant-eaters lived during the "age of the dinosaurs"...
is known from Lower Cretaceous teeth found in Iberia
Hispania Baetica
Hispania Baetica was one of three Imperial Roman provinces in Hispania, . Hispania Baetica was bordered to the west by Lusitania, and to the northeast by Hispania Tarraconensis. Baetica was part of Al-Andalus under the Moors in the 8th century and approximately corresponds to modern Andalucia...
and England.
Plagiaulacid line (possibly Superfamily Plagiaulacoidea?)
Family PlagiaulacidaePlagiaulacidae
Plagiaulacidae is a family of fossil mammals within the order Multituberculata. Remains are known from the Upper Jurassic of North America through the Lower Cretaceous of Europe...
is known from the Upper Jurassic (North America) to Lower Cretaceous (Europe and Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
).
Plagiaulax
Plagiaulax
Plagiaulax is a genus of mammal from the Lower Cretaceous of Europe. It was a member of the also extinct order Multituberculata, and shared the world with dinosaurs. It is of the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Plagiaulacidae. The genus was named by Hugh Falconer in 1857.Fossil remains of the...
, Bolodon
Bolodon
Bolodon is a genus of extinct mammal from the Lower Cretaceous of Europe, and possibly the Upper Jurassic of North America. It was a member of the extinct order of Multituberculata and lived at the same time as dinosaurs. It is placed in the suborder Plagiaulacida and family Plagiaulacidae.The...
, Ctenacodon
Ctenacodon
Ctenacodon is a genus of extinct mammal that lived in what is now North America during the Upper Jurassic period. It's a member of the family Allodontidae within the order Multituberculata. Ctenacodon,also known as Allodon , was named by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1879. At least four species are...
' brentbaatar. 'Ctenacodon requires renaming, while as of 2001 material from China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
has yet to be described.
Family Albionbaataridae
Albionbaataridae
Albionbaataridae is a family of small, extinct mammals within the order Multituberculata. Fossil remains are known from the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of Europe and Asia. These herbivores lived their obscure lives during the Mesozoic, also known as the "age of the dinosaurs." They were...
is known from the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous of Europe and Asia, (China – undescribed, 2001). These were shrew-sized Multituberculates, with some similarities to the paulchoffis.
Members of the family Eobaataridae
Eobaataridae
Eobaataridae is a family of fossil mammal within the order Multituberculata. Remains are known from the Lower Cretaceous of Europe and Asia. These herbivores thus lived during the Mesozoic era, also known as the "age of the dinosaurs". They were among the most derived representatives of the...
display dental similarities with some of the Paracimexomys group
Paracimexomys group
The Paracimexomys group is a loose grade of extinct mammals which are known from the Lower Cretaceous and possibly through to the Paleocene of North America.They were members of an also extinct order called Multituberculata....
, (Cimolodonta
Cimolodonta
The Cimolodonta are a taxon of extinct mammals that lived from the Cretaceous to the Eocene. They were some of the more derived members of the extinct order Multituberculata. They probably lived something of a rodent-like existence until their ecological niche was assumed by true rodents...
). They are known from the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous of Europe and Asia, (China – undescribed, 2001).
Sinobaatar
Sinobaatar
Sinobaatar is a genus of extinct mammal from the Lower Cretaceous of China. It is categorized within the also extinct order Multituberculata and among these it belongs to the plagiaulacid lineage . Sinobaatar was a small herbivore during the Mesozoic era, commonly called "the age of the dinosaurs"....
was described after the study by Kielan-Jaworowska and Hurum (2001). It might be based on some of the Chinese material they mentioned as undescribed. The Mongolia
Mongolia
Mongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest...
n word ‘baatar’ is frequently employed in the nomenclature of Multituberculates. This reflects the fact that many of the most complete fossils have been recovered from sites in Mongolia, though this more applies to members of the more derived Cimolodonta
Cimolodonta
The Cimolodonta are a taxon of extinct mammals that lived from the Cretaceous to the Eocene. They were some of the more derived members of the extinct order Multituberculata. They probably lived something of a rodent-like existence until their ecological niche was assumed by true rodents...
.
A couple of further genera possibly fit somewhere within “Plagiaulacida”. This has been tentatively proposed for Janumys
Janumys
Janumys is a genus of extinct mammal of the middle Cretaceous. It was a member of the order of Multituberculata . It lived in North America during the Mesozoic era, also known as the "age of the dinosaurs." It has been previsionally placed within the informal suborder "Plagiaulacida"...
of the Middle Cretaceous. Its contemporary, Ameribaatar
Ameribaatar
Ameribaatar is an extinct mammal of the Late Cretaceous. It was a member of the also extinct order of Multituberculata. It lived in North America during the Mesozoic, also known as the "age of the dinosaurs". Whether it belongs to Plagiaulacida, Cimolodonta, or neither, is presently unclear...
, is of uncertain affinities. Both were first described late in 2001.
Taxonomy
Subclass †AllotheriaAllotheria
Allotheria was a branch of successful Mesozoic mammals. The most important characteristic was the presence of lower molariform teeth equipped with two longitudinal rows of cusps...
Marsh, 1880
- Order †MultituberculataMultituberculataThe Multituberculata were a group of rodent-like mammals that existed for approximately one hundred and twenty million years—the longest fossil history of any mammal lineage—but were eventually outcompeted by rodents, becoming extinct during the early Oligocene. At least 200 species are...
Cope, 1884:- suborder †Plagiaulacida Simpson 1925
- Family †PaulchoffatiidaePaulchoffatiidaePaulchoffatiidae is a family of extinct mammals that lived predominantly during the Upper Jurassic period, though a couple of genera are known from the earliest Cretaceous. Some undescribed fossils from the Middle Jurassic of England may represent earlier versions. Remains have been reported from...
Hahn, 1969- subfamily †Paulchoffatiinae Hahn, 1971
- Genus †PaulchoffatiaPaulchoffatiaPaulchoffatia is a genus of extinct mammal of the Upper Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous. It was a relatively early member of the also extinct order Multituberculata, within the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Paulchoffatiidae. It lived in Europe during the "age of the dinosaurs."The genus...
Kühne, 1961- Species †P. delgador Kühne, 1961
- Genus †PseudobolodonPseudobolodonPseudobolodon was a relatively early member of the also extinct order of mammals, Multituberculata. It lived in Portugal during the Upper Jurassic, part of the "age of the dinosaurs." It lies within the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Paulchoffatiidae....
Hahn, 1977- Species †P. oreas Hahn, 1977
- Species †P. krebsi Hahn & Hahn, 1994
- Genus †HenkelodonHenkelodonHenkelodon was a small mammal of the Upper Jurassic. It was a relatively early member of the extinct order Multituberculata. Henkelodon was a European herbivore that lived during the "age of the dinosaurs". It lies within the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Paulchoffatiidae.The genus Henkelodon...
Hahn, 1987- Species †H. naias Hahn, 1987
- Genus †GuimarotodonGuimarotodonGuimarotodon is an extinct mammal of the Upper Jurassic. It was a relatively early member of the also extinct order of Multituberculata. It made its living nibbling plants as great big, and small, dinosaurs roamed the world. Guimarotodon Hahn G, 1969...
Hahn, 1969- Species †G. leiriensis Hahn, 1969
- Genus †MeketibolodonMeketibolodonMeketibolodon is a genus of extinct mammal from the Kimmeridgian Camadas de Guimarota of Guimarota, Portugal. It was a relatively early member of the also extinct order Multituberculata, suborder Plagiaulacida, family Paulchoffatiidae. The genus was named by Hahn G...
(Hahn, 1978) Hahn, 1993- Species †M. robustus (Hahn, 1978) Hahn, 1993
- Genus †PlesiochoffatiaPlesiochoffatiaPlesiochoffatia is an extinct mammal of the Upper Jurassic. It was a relatively early member of the also extinct order Multituberculata. It was a resident of Portugal during the "age of the dinosaurs." It's in the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Paulchoffatiidae.The genus Plesiochoffatia was...
Hahn & Hahn, 1999- Species †P. thoas Hahn & Hahn, 1998
- Species †P. peparethos Hahn & Hahn, 1998
- Species †P. staphylos Hahn & Hahn, 1998
- Genus †XenachoffatiaXenachoffatiaXenachoffatia is a small Jurassic mammal from Portugal. It was a relatively early member of the also extinct order of Multituberculata. It lived during "the age of the dinosaurs" and belongs to the suborder Plagiaulacida, family Paulchoffatiidae....
Hahn & Hahn, 1998- Species †X. oinopion Hahn & Hahn, 1998
- Genus †BathmochoffatiaBathmochoffatiaBathmochoffatia is an extinct mammal of the Upper Jurassic. It was a relatively early member of the also extinct order Multituberculata. It lived in Portugal at about the same time as the far more famous dinosaur, Allosaurus. It is in the suborder "Plagiaulacida", family Paulchoffatiidae. The genus...
Hahn & Hahn, 1998- Species †B. hapax Hahn & Hahn, 1998
- Genus †KielanodonKielanodonKielanodon is an extinct mammal of the Portuguese Upper Jurassic. It was a relatively early member of the also extinct order of Multituberculata...
Hahn, 1987- Species †K. hopsoni Hahn, 1987
- Genus †MeketichoffatiaMeketichoffatiaMeketichoffatia was a small mammal from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal. It was a relatively early member of the extinct order Multituberculata. It lived at the same time as dinosaurs such as Allosaurus. It's within the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Paulchoffatiidae.The genus Meketichoffatia ...
Hahn, 1993- Species †M. krausei Hahn, 1993
- Genus †GalveodonGalveodonGalveodon is an extinct, Spanish mammal of the Lower Cretaceous. It was a relatively early representative of the also extinct order of Multituberculata. It lived during 'the age of the dinosaurs'...
Hahn & Hahn, 1992- Species †G. nannothus Hahn & Hahn, 1992
- Genus †SunnyodonSunnyodonSunnyodon is a tiny, extinct mammal, probably of the Lower Cretaceous. It was a relatively early member of the also extinct order of Multituberculata. It lived in obscurity in southern England during the "age of the dinosaurs"...
Kielan-Jaworowska & Ensom, 1992- Species †S. notleyi Kielan-Jaworowska & Ensom, 1992
- Genus †Paulchoffatia
- Subfamily †Kuehneodontinae Hahn, 1971
- Genus †KuehneodonKuehneodonKuehneodon is a genus of extinct mammal of the Upper Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous of Europe. It was a relatively early member of the also extinct order of Multituberculata. Members of this genus lived alongside such dinosaurs as Allosaurus. It belongs to the suborder "Plagiaulacida", family...
Hahn, 1969- Species †K. dietrichi Hahn, 1969
- Species †K. barcasensis Hahn & Hahn, 2001
- Species †K. dryas Hahn, 1977
- Species †K. guimarotensis Hahn, 1969
- Species †K. hahni Antunes, 1988
- Species †K. simpsoni Hahn, 1969
- Species †K. uniradiculatus Hahn, 1978
- Genus †Kuehneodon
- Family †Hahnodontidae Sigogneau-Russell, 1991
- Genus †HahnodonHahnodonHahnodon is a genus of extinct mammal of the Lower Cretaceous. It was a relatively early member of the also extinct order Multituberculata...
Sigogneau-Russell, 1991- Species †H. taqueti Sigogneau-Russell, 1991
- Genus †Denisodon Hahn & Hahn,2003
- Species †D. moroccensis Hahn & Hahn,2003
- Genus †Hahnodon
- Family †PinheirodontidaePinheirodontidaePinheirodontidae is a poorly known family of fossil mammals within the order Multituberculata. Remains are known from the earliest Cretaceous of Europe, , but are so far restricted to teeth. These small plant-eaters lived during the "age of the dinosaurs"...
Hahn & Hahn, 1999- Genus †PinheirodonPinheirodonPinheirodon is a genus of extinct mammal from Portugal. It is a member of the also extinct order of Multituberculata, and shared the world with dinosaurs...
Hahn & Hahn, 1999- Species †P. pygmaeus Hahn & Hahn, 1999
- Species †P. vastus Hahn & Hahn, 1999
- Genus †BernardodonBernardodonBernardodon was a small, Lower Cretaceous mammal from Portugal. It is part of the extinct order Multituberculata, living at the same time as the dinosaurs.Differs from Pinheirodon in having I3 wider and more robust; on P5 the cusps of BB row do not extend for the whole tooth length.-References:*...
Hahn & Hahn, 1999- Species †B. sp. Hahn & Hahn, 1999
- Genus †GerhardodonGerhardodonGerhardodon is an extinct genus of mammal from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England. It was a member of the also extinct order of Multituberculata, and lived with such dinosaurs as Iguanodon. It lies within the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Pinheirodontidae.The genus Gerhardodon was...
Kielan-Jaworowska & Ensom, 1992- Species †G. purbeckensis Kielan-Jaworowska & Ensom, 1992
- Genus †IberodonIberodonIberodon is a small, extinct mammal of the Lower Cretaceous from Portugal. It was a member of the also extinct order Multituberculata, and led its obscure and plant-eating existence in the company of dinosaurs. It lies within the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Pinheirodontidae.The genus...
Hahn & Hahn, 1999- Species †I. quadrituberculatus Hahn & Hahn, 1999
- Genus †LavocatiaLavocatiaLavocatia is a genus of extinct mammal from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain. It was a member of the also extinct order Multituberculata, and lived alongside of dinosaurs. Like most Mesozoic mammals, it was a shrewish-sized animal. It's in the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Pinheirodontidae. The...
Canudo & Cuenca-Bescós, 1996- Species †L. alfambrensis Canudo & Cuenca-Bescós, 1996
- Genus †EcprepaulaxEcprepaulaxEcprepaulax is a Lower Cretaceous mammal from Portugal. It was a member of the also extinct order Multituberculata and shared the world with dinosaurs. It lies within the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Pinheirodontidae....
Hahn & Hahn, 1999- Species †E. sp. Hahn & Hahn, 1999
- Genus †Pinheirodon
- subfamily †Paulchoffatiinae Hahn, 1971
- Family †AllodontidaeAllodontidaeAllodontidae is a family of extinct mammal that lived in what is now North America during the Upper Jurassic period. Allodontids were members of the order Multituberculata. They were relatively early mammals and are within the informal suborder of "Plagiaulacida". The family was named by Othniel...
Marsh, 1889-
- Genus †CtenacodonCtenacodonCtenacodon is a genus of extinct mammal that lived in what is now North America during the Upper Jurassic period. It's a member of the family Allodontidae within the order Multituberculata. Ctenacodon,also known as Allodon , was named by Othniel Charles Marsh in 1879. At least four species are...
Marsh, 1879- Species †C. serratus Marsh, 1879
- Species †C. nanus Marsh, 1881
- Species †C. laticeps Marsh, 1881
- Species †C. scindens Simpson, 1928
- Genus †PsalodonPsalodonPsalodon is an extinct genus of North American mammal that lived during the Upper Jurassic period. It's a member of the family Allodontidae within the order Multituberculata. The genus Psalodon was named by Simpson in 1926. There are perhaps three species...
Simpson, 1926- Species †P. potens Marsh, 1887
- Species †P. fortis Marsh, 1887
- Species †P. marshi Simpson, 1929
- Genus †Ctenacodon
- Family †Zofiabaataridae Bakker, 1992
- Genus †ZofiabaatarZofiabaatarZofiabaatar is a genus of extinct mammal from the Upper Jurassic period. It was a relatively early member of the extinct order Multituberculata within the suborder "Plagiaulacida". It lived in North America along with dinosaurs such as Diplodocus and Allosaurus.The primary species is named...
Bakker & Carpenter, 1990- Species †Z. pulcher Bakker & Carpenter, 1990
- Genus †Zofiabaatar
- Family Incertae sedisIncertae sedis, is a term used to define a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined. Uncertainty at specific taxonomic levels is attributed by , , and similar terms.-Examples:*The fossil plant Paradinandra suecica could not be assigned to any...
- Genus †GlirodonGlirodonGlirodon is a genus of extinct mammal from the Upper Jurassic. It was a relatively early member of the also-extinct order of Multituberculata, suborder "Plagiaulacida". These mammals lived in North America during the Mesozoic, also known as the "age of the dinosaurs".The genus Glirodon has been...
Engelmann & Callison, 2001 - Species †G. grandis Engelmann & Callison, 2001
- Genus †Glirodon
- Family †PlagiaulacidaePlagiaulacidaePlagiaulacidae is a family of fossil mammals within the order Multituberculata. Remains are known from the Upper Jurassic of North America through the Lower Cretaceous of Europe...
Gill, 1872- Genus? †CtenacodonCtenacodon (Plagiaulacidae)Ctenacodon is an extinct mammal from the Upper Jurassic of North America. It was a member of the also extinct order of Multituberculata, suborder Plagiaulacida, family Plagiaulacidae, and lived at the same time as more famous creatures such as Allosaurus.The genus "Ctenacodon" is known from one...
Bakker, 1998- Species? †C. brentbaatar Bakker, 1998
- Genus †PlagiaulaxPlagiaulaxPlagiaulax is a genus of mammal from the Lower Cretaceous of Europe. It was a member of the also extinct order Multituberculata, and shared the world with dinosaurs. It is of the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Plagiaulacidae. The genus was named by Hugh Falconer in 1857.Fossil remains of the...
Falconer, 1857- Species †P. becklesii Falconer, 1857
- Genus †BolodonBolodonBolodon is a genus of extinct mammal from the Lower Cretaceous of Europe, and possibly the Upper Jurassic of North America. It was a member of the extinct order of Multituberculata and lived at the same time as dinosaurs. It is placed in the suborder Plagiaulacida and family Plagiaulacidae.The...
Owen, 1871- Species †B. crassidens Owen, 1871
- Species †B. falconeri Owen, 1871
- Species †B. minor Falconer, 1857
- Species †B. osborni Simpson, 1928
- Species †B. elongatus Simpson, 1928
- Genus? †Ctenacodon
- Family †EobaataridaeEobaataridaeEobaataridae is a family of fossil mammal within the order Multituberculata. Remains are known from the Lower Cretaceous of Europe and Asia. These herbivores thus lived during the Mesozoic era, also known as the "age of the dinosaurs". They were among the most derived representatives of the...
Kielan-Jaworowska, Dashzeveg & Trofimov, 1987- Genus †EobaatarEobaatarEobaatar is a genus of extinct mammal from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia and Spain. It was a member of the also extinct order Multituberculata, and lived at the same time as some dinosaurs. It lies within the suborder Plagiaulacida and family Eobaataridae. The genus Eobaatar was named by...
- Species †E. magnus Kielan-Jaworowska, Dashzeveg & Trofimov, 1987
- Species †E. minor Kielan-Jaworowska, Dashzeveg & Trofimov, 1987
- Species †E. hispanicus Hahn & Hahn, 1992
- Species †E. pajaronensis Hahn & Hahn, 2001
- Genus †LoxaulaxLoxaulaxLoxaulax is a genus of extinct mammal from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England. It was a member of the also extinct order Multituberculata, and lived alongside the dinosaurs. It lies within the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Eobaataridae. The genus Loxaulax was named by Simpson G.G...
Simpson, 1928- Species †L. valdensis Simpson, 1928
- Genus †MonobaatarMonobaatarMonobaatar is a genus of extinct mammal from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia. It was within the also extinct order Multituberculata, and lived during the "age of the dinosaurs"...
Kielan-Jaworowska, Dashzeveg & Trofimov, 1987- Species †M. mimicus Kielan-Jaworowska, Dashzeveg & Trofimov, 1987
- Genus †ParendotheriumParendotheriumParendotherium is a genus of extinct mammal from the Lower Cretaceous of Spain. It was within the also extinct order Multituberculata, and lived alongside dinosaurs. It lies within the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Eobaataridae. The genus Parendotherium was named by Crusafont Pairo M. and...
Crusafont Pairó & Adrover, 1966- Species †P. herreroi Crusafont Pairó & Adrover, 1966
- Genus †SinobaatarSinobaatarSinobaatar is a genus of extinct mammal from the Lower Cretaceous of China. It is categorized within the also extinct order Multituberculata and among these it belongs to the plagiaulacid lineage . Sinobaatar was a small herbivore during the Mesozoic era, commonly called "the age of the dinosaurs"....
Hu & Wang, 2002- Species †S. lingyuanensis Hu & Wang, 2002
- Genus †HeishanobaatarHeishanobaatarHeishanobaatar is an extinct genus of eobaatarid multituberculate which existed in Shahai and Fuxin formations, northeastern China, during the early Cretaceous . It was first named by Nao Kusuhashi, Yaoming Hu, Yuanqing Wang, Takeshi Setoguchi and Hiroshige Marsuoka in 2010 and the type species is...
Kusuhashi et al., 2010- Species †H. triangulus Kusuhashi et al., 2010
- Genus †Eobaatar
- Family †AlbionbaataridaeAlbionbaataridaeAlbionbaataridae is a family of small, extinct mammals within the order Multituberculata. Fossil remains are known from the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous of Europe and Asia. These herbivores lived their obscure lives during the Mesozoic, also known as the "age of the dinosaurs." They were...
Kielan-Jaworowska & Ensom, 1994- Genus †AlbionbaatarAlbionbaatarAlbionbaatar is an extinct mammal from the Lower Cretaceous of England. It was a member of the also extinct order Multituberculata and shared the world with the much larger dinosaurs. It is in the suborder "Plagiaulacida", family Albionbaataridae. The genus Albionbaatar was named by...
Kielan-Jaworowska & Ensom, 1994- Species †A. denisae Kielan-Jaworowska & Ensom, 1994
- Genus †ProalbionbaatarProalbionbaatarProalbionbaatar is a small mammal from the Upper Jurassic of Guimarota, Portugal. It's the most derived member of the order Multituberculata known from that locality, and shared the world with the much larger dinosaurs. It lies within the suborder "Plagiaulacida" and family Albionbaataridae.The...
Hahn & Hahn, 1998- Species †P. plagiocyrtus Hahn & Hahn, 1998
- Genus †KielanobaatarKielanobaatarKielanobaatar is an extinct genus of albionbaatarid multituberculate which existed in Shahai and Fuxin formations, northeastern China, during the early Cretaceous . It was first named by Nao Kusuhashi, Yaoming Hu, Yuanqing Wang, Takeshi Setoguchi and Hiroshige Marsuoka in 2010 and the type species...
Kusuhashi et al., 2010- Species †K. badaohaoensis Kusuhashi et al., 2010
- Genus †Albionbaatar
- Family †Arginbaataridae Hahn & Hahn, 1983
- Genus †ArginbaatarArginbaatarArginbaatar is a genus of extinct mammal from the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia. It was a member of the Multituberculata, an order which is also extinct. It belongs to the family Arginbaataridae . The genus Arginbaatar was named by Trofimov B.A. in 1980...
Trofimov, 1980- Species †A. dmitrievae Trofimov, 1980
- Genus †Arginbaatar
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- Family †Paulchoffatiidae
- suborder †Plagiaulacida Simpson 1925