Phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine N-methyltransferase
Encyclopedia
In enzymology, a phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine N-methyltransferase is an enzyme
that catalyzes
the chemical reaction
Thus, the two substrates
of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine
and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, whereas its two products
are S-adenosylhomocysteine and phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase
s, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. Other names in common use include phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine methyltransferase, methyltransferase II, phospholipid methyltransferase, PLMT, phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine methyltransferase, phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine methyltransferase, phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase I, and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine methyltransferase. This enzyme participates in glycine
, serine
and threonine
metabolism
and glycerophospholipid
metabolism
.
Enzyme
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...
that catalyzes
Catalysis
Catalysis is the change in rate of a chemical reaction due to the participation of a substance called a catalyst. Unlike other reagents that participate in the chemical reaction, a catalyst is not consumed by the reaction itself. A catalyst may participate in multiple chemical transformations....
the chemical reaction
Chemical reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Chemical reactions can be either spontaneous, requiring no input of energy, or non-spontaneous, typically following the input of some type of energy, such as heat, light or electricity...
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine + phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine
Thus, the two substrates
Substrate (biochemistry)
In biochemistry, a substrate is a molecule upon which an enzyme acts. Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions involving the substrate. In the case of a single substrate, the substrate binds with the enzyme active site, and an enzyme-substrate complex is formed. The substrate is transformed into one or...
of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine
S-Adenosyl methionine
S-Adenosyl methionine is a common cosubstrate involved in methyl group transfers. SAM was first discovered in Italy by G. L. Cantoni in 1952. It is made from adenosine triphosphate and methionine by methionine adenosyltransferase . Transmethylation, transsulfuration, and aminopropylation are the...
and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine, whereas its two products
Product (chemistry)
Product are formed during chemical reactions as reagents are consumed. Products have lower energy than the reagents and are produced during the reaction according to the second law of thermodynamics. The released energy comes from changes in chemical bonds between atoms in reagent molecules and...
are S-adenosylhomocysteine and phosphatidyl-N-dimethylethanolamine.
This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase
Transferase
In biochemistry, a transferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another . For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be a transferase:In this example, A would be the donor, and B would be the acceptor...
s, specifically those transferring one-carbon group methyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. Other names in common use include phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine methyltransferase, methyltransferase II, phospholipid methyltransferase, PLMT, phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine methyltransferase, phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine methyltransferase, phosphatidylethanolamine methyltransferase I, and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine methyltransferase. This enzyme participates in glycine
Glycine
Glycine is an organic compound with the formula NH2CH2COOH. Having a hydrogen substituent as its 'side chain', glycine is the smallest of the 20 amino acids commonly found in proteins. Its codons are GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG cf. the genetic code.Glycine is a colourless, sweet-tasting crystalline solid...
, serine
Serine
Serine is an amino acid with the formula HO2CCHCH2OH. It is one of the proteinogenic amino acids. By virtue of the hydroxyl group, serine is classified as a polar amino acid.-Occurrence and biosynthesis:...
and threonine
Threonine
Threonine is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCHCHCH3. Its codons are ACU, ACA, ACC, and ACG. This essential amino acid is classified as polar...
metabolism
Metabolism
Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that happen in the cells of living organisms to sustain life. These processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. Metabolism is usually divided into two categories...
and glycerophospholipid
Glycerophospholipid
Glycerophospholipids or phosphoglycerides are glycerol-based phospholipids. They are the main component of biological membranes.-Structures:...
metabolism
Metabolism
Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that happen in the cells of living organisms to sustain life. These processes allow organisms to grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and respond to their environments. Metabolism is usually divided into two categories...
.