Payyanur
Encyclopedia
Payyanur is a Municipal Town
Municipality
A municipality is essentially an urban administrative division having corporate status and usually powers of self-government. It can also be used to mean the governing body of a municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district...

 situated at the northern end of Kannur district
Kannur district
Kannur District is one of the 14 districts in the state of Kerala, India. The town of Kannur is the district headquarters, and gives the district its name. The old name Cannanore is the anglicised form of the Malayalam name Kannur. Kannur District is bounded by Kasaragod District to the north and...

 in North Malabar
North Malabar
North Malabar , is a historic as well as geographic distinction in India used to refer the area covering; present Kasaragod and Kannur Districts, Mananthavady taluk of Wayanad District and Koyilandy & Vatakara taluks of Kozhikode District in modern Kerala and the entire Mahé sub-Division of...

 region of Kerala, India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

. This Municipality
Municipality
A municipality is essentially an urban administrative division having corporate status and usually powers of self-government. It can also be used to mean the governing body of a municipality. A municipality is a general-purpose administrative subdivision, as opposed to a special-purpose district...

 consists of three administrative villages viz. Vellur, Korom and Payyannur. Other villages are; Annur and Kokkanissery.

Demographics

As of 2001 India census
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...

, Payyannur had a population of 68,711. Males constitute 48% of the population and females 52%. Payyannur has an average literacy rate of 83%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 86%, and female literacy is 80%. In Payyannur, 10% of the population is under 6 years of age.

Etymology

The place derives its name from the renowned Sri Subrahmanya Swami Temple located here. Payyan is an appellation of Lord Subrahmanya and ooru means "the place". Thus Payyanur means the land of Lord Subrahmanya. Payyanur is also well known for Pavithra Mothiram, Astrology, art forms like Theyyam
Theyyam
Theyyam or Theyyattam or Thira is a popular Hindu ritual form of worship of North Malabar in Kerala state, India, predominant in the Kolathunadu area Theyyam or Theyyattam or Thira is a popular Hindu ritual form of worship of North Malabar in Kerala state, India, predominant in the Kolathunadu...

 and Poorakkali
Poorakkali
Poorakkali is a traditional dance ritual performed by men during the nine-day Pooram festival in Bhagavathy temples across North Malabar in Kerala State of south India....

, and historical movements like that held at Korom
Korom
Korom is a village in Payyanur, Kerala. This village have an important place in the history of Communist movement in Kerala. The village is renowned for the famous Hindu temple, Chenankavu Bhagavathi Temple where the Goddess Bhagavathi is enshrined and attracts a number of Bhagavathi devotees...

.

Geography

Payyannur is located at 12.1°N 75.2°E. It has an average elevation of 16 metres (51 feet).

History

Payyanur is one of extant ancient civilized places in Kerala. This northern town of Kerala
Kerala
or Keralam is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was created on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions....

 claims a rich and glorious recorded history. The archeological remains excavated from Payyanur and nearby places prove the existence of a city in this area centuries ago.

The earliest known mention of this town is in the Brahmanda Purana
Brahmanda Purana
The Brahmanda Purana is one of the eighteen Mahapuranas, a genre of eighteen Hindu religious texts and has been assigned the eighteenth place in almost all the lists of the Puranas.Brahma in Sanskrit means "the biggest", anda/andam means globe...

, when Garga
Garga
One of the greatest sages of the Puranic times. Garga was the son of Rishi Bharadwaja and Susheela.He was better known as Garga Muni. He was the family priest of the family of Nanda . He named Krishna as "Krishna" after receiving the name by meditation...

 Muni talks about this place to the Pandava
Pandava
In the Hindu epic Mahābhārata, the Pandava are the five acknowledged sons of Pandu , by his two wives Kunti and Madri. Their names are Yudhisthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva. Although, Karna is told by Lord Krishna that according to the laws and ethics he is the first son of Kunti making...

s, during their exile.

The famous travellers, who visited here, have described about this area with high praise. The famous traveler Ibn Bathutha visited Ezhimala in AD 1342 and wrote about the large seaport and the Chinese ships anchored here. In AD 1273, Abul Fida, and in AD 1293, the world-famous traveler, Marco Polo
Marco Polo
Marco Polo was a Venetian merchant traveler from the Venetian Republic whose travels are recorded in Il Milione, a book which did much to introduce Europeans to Central Asia and China. He learned about trading whilst his father and uncle, Niccolò and Maffeo, travelled through Asia and apparently...

, and in 15th century, the Italian traveler Nicholo Kondi all visited this place, and have given good and extensive accounts of Ezhimala port, which known by the name of “Heli”. The Portuguese Scholar and traveler Barbosa
Barbosa
Barbosa is a Portuguese language and Galician surname.It may refer to:* Adoniran Barbosa, Brazilian singer* César Barbosa , Colombian botanist* Chris Barbosa, American producer* Daniel Barbosa, Colombian serial killer...

 had also described this place.

Centuries back, Payyanur was a part of the Ezhimala/Mushika/Kolathiri Kingdom. King Nandan who ruled this Kingdom was mighty and well-known as a great warrior and ruler. The books written during the Sangam period describe about this country and this King with much importance. At certain times, Ezhimal was also under the rule of the Cheras.

Evolution of Payyanur Town

During the past the city centre was Kachil Patanam (present Kavvayi
Kavvayi
Kavvayi is a small island, near Payyannur in the Kannur district of Kerala state in India. The island is connected to Payyannur by a small bridge on the Kavvayi River. This is a very scenic island...

) was the main town because of the waterways through Kavvayi River and its big Seaport. It was the administrative as well as business centre during that time. According to historians ships from China and other countries used to visit this port and anchored in the nearby river Changoorichal. Kavvayi retained its position even during the rule of British East India Company also. They established the first Magistrate
Magistrate
A magistrate is an officer of the state; in modern usage the term usually refers to a judge or prosecutor. This was not always the case; in ancient Rome, a magistratus was one of the highest government officers and possessed both judicial and executive powers. Today, in common law systems, a...

's court and Registrar’s Office in Kavvayi
Kavvayi
Kavvayi is a small island, near Payyannur in the Kannur district of Kerala state in India. The island is connected to Payyannur by a small bridge on the Kavvayi River. This is a very scenic island...

 only.

Later Kokkanisseri became the city centre. The main road, which starts from Perumba, divided the town into two. The south of this road was called Payyanur village and the north Kokkanisseri village. The business centre was called Kokkanisseri Bazaar. Later the name Payyanur became common and thus the developed city of today came into existence.

Culture

Payyanur has groomed several social workers like Peeranki Nambeesan, community activists, extraordinary orator and freedom fighter KP Kunhirama Poduval who founded Sanjayan Smaraka Grandhalayam at Annur (Sanjayan Memorial Library), Kelappan Service Center (perhaps the only institution built in memory of Kelappaji, also known as "Kerala Gandhi") and Payyanur Co-operative Stores among a host of other social organizations. Also from Payyanur are: Subrahmanya Shenoy (communist ex-MLA),V.P Sreekandha poduval(freedom fighter and "vayider"). well known astrologers like VPK Poduval, Madhava Poduval, Narayana Poduval,K.U KunhiKanna Poduval and young admirable Chithrabhanu K Poduval and architect Kunhimangalam Narayanan master. The native place of legendary Kathakali
Kathakali
Kathakali is a highly stylized classical Indian dance-drama noted for the attractive make-up of characters, elaborate costumes, detailed gestures and well-defined body movements presented in tune with the anchor playback music and complementary percussion...

 master Kalamandalam Krishnan Nair
Kalamandalam Krishnan Nair
Kalamandalam Krishnan Nair was one of the most renowned Kathakali artists of any time, and arguably the greatest in the history of the four-century-old classical dance-drama from Kerala in southern India...

 isn't far from this town. Kandoth in Payyannur is famous for pottery.Theru attained fame by the manufacture of khadi.

Uliyathu kadavu is well known in history as a result of the epic salt sathyagraha in the year 1928. Payyanur provides a relaxing place to the tourists. Gandhi park situated in the middle of the town exhibits a good piece of art as a result of the good work done by DTPC. Nearby place Kunhimangalam is famous as the land of mangoes.

Theyyam

Sree Kappatu Kazhagam is one of the most important kazhakam in payyanur where important theyyams are performed during the Kaliyattam (festival). Almost in all tharavadu in payyanur are having "Palliyara"where theyyam performed once in an Year.Kallindil.Vannadil are some of them. "Vannadil meethale veedu" is famous for "Madayilchamumdi"Theyyam. Poorakkali is another traditional artform, every year it will play in the kazakam during the month of may. Sri.Kurinji Kshethram, at thaineri is also famous for fireworks during festival days. During the regime of the Kolathiri Dynasty, Payyanur was a part of Kolathu Nadu ruled by the Kolathiri Rajas based in Chirakkal near Kannur. During the British Rule, Payyanur was considered as a "farka" which in term is a part of the Chirakkal Taluk. Till the formation of the Kerala State in 1957 Payyanur remained in the Malabar District of the Madras State. The famous scholar and author Dr. Herman Gundert, Willima Logan, the Malabar District collector during the British Rule who wrote Malabar Manual also visited Payyanur and did a lot of studies on the rich heritage of Payyanur.

Kunhimangalam Sree Malliyottu Palottu kavu

Kunhimangalam Sree Malliyottu Palottu kavu is a temple situated at Kunhimangalam near Payyanur. It is about 2 km from Ezhilode on Payyanur-Kannur Road. The presiding deity is Palottu Daivam.Spanning an area of 5 acres, the kavu houses a nalukettu, sanctums of several gods and goddesses, Kailasakkallu, Kodimaram and Pattupura. There is also a Devi temple outside the Nalukettu. The priest of Palottu Daivam is Malliyodan whereas for other gods, it is Anthithiriyan. According to the historical evidences it is believed that the Palottu Daivam is the incarnation of Lord Vishnu to kill Hayagreevan, a demon. The temple is named after Malliyodan. Formerly, the temple was known as Shri Kurumba Temple. Many festivals are celebrated here which includes the five-day Vishu festival from the 1st to 5th of Malayalam month Medam (April) and the three-day Bharani festival. The anuual ten-day Pooram festival from Karthika asterism to Pooram asterism in the Malayalam month of Meenam (March – April) also attracts a large number of people.

Sree Muchilot Bagavathi Ramanthali

Ramanthali
Ramanthali
Ramanthali is a village in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala.It boasts the gateway for Indian Naval Academy in Ezhiamala.-Demographics: India census, Ramanthali had a population of 21937 with 10173 males and 11764 females....

 [near Payyanur]also came into the fore in January 2008 as a result of the Muchilot Bagavathi Perumkaliyattam.Varachuvaykkal and Kalavaraniraykkal are already over.
Muchilot Bagavathi is one of the most popular deity worshipped in North Kerala. There is a practice for suppling food to thousands of devotees in connection with the Muchilot Bagavathi. Highly decorative figure of Muchilot Bagavathi attracts the minds of devotees and the men of esthetic sense. In Cherukunnu and Kannapuram yearly Muchilot Bagavathi Theyyam performed. But in several other Kavus [worshipping place] Muchilot Bagavathi Theyyam performing in a gap of 12 to several years like one at Kayyur[near Nileshwar] in Jan 2008 after a term of 47 years. Perumkaliyattam at Muyyam near Taliparamba was a great experience to the devotees in the month of December 2007.

Sree Muchilot Kavu , Korom

Korom
Korom
Korom is a village in Payyanur, Kerala. This village have an important place in the history of Communist movement in Kerala. The village is renowned for the famous Hindu temple, Chenankavu Bhagavathi Temple where the Goddess Bhagavathi is enshrined and attracts a number of Bhagavathi devotees...

 a village in Payyanur enters into the tourism map of Kerala as a result of the proposed Perumkaliyattam - one of the popular theyyam
Theyyam
Theyyam or Theyyattam or Thira is a popular Hindu ritual form of worship of North Malabar in Kerala state, India, predominant in the Kolathunadu area Theyyam or Theyyattam or Thira is a popular Hindu ritual form of worship of North Malabar in Kerala state, India, predominant in the Kolathunadu...

 forms- at Sree Muchilot Kavu in 2009. In 2009 Muchilot Bagavathi Kavu Perumkaliyattam (The Big "feast" at Muchilottu goddess shrine)to be held at Korom
Korom
Korom is a village in Payyanur, Kerala. This village have an important place in the history of Communist movement in Kerala. The village is renowned for the famous Hindu temple, Chenankavu Bhagavathi Temple where the Goddess Bhagavathi is enshrined and attracts a number of Bhagavathi devotees...

 in Payyanur and Vengara near Payayangadi. The perumkaliyattam consistes of several customs and rituals like Varachuvekkal (painting), kalnattu karmam (stick one's foot), upadevadha theyyattams (theyyam
Theyyam
Theyyam or Theyyattam or Thira is a popular Hindu ritual form of worship of North Malabar in Kerala state, India, predominant in the Kolathunadu area Theyyam or Theyyattam or Thira is a popular Hindu ritual form of worship of North Malabar in Kerala state, India, predominant in the Kolathunadu...

 for sub-gods, vellattam (getting drunk) and then the thirumudi uyaral (upheaval of hairs) of Muchilot Bagavathi (Goddess of Muchilottu). As prasadam feast is organised in a grand manner by giving food to more than a lakh devotees symbolising the marriage of Muchilottamma (Mother lordess of Muchilottu). Perumkaliyattams played a great role in the social formation of north Kerala as cited

Chenankavu, Korom

One of the most renowned Bhagavathi
Bhagavathi
Bhagavathi or Bhagavati is the general way people refer to the Hindu goddesses in Kerala, Goa and Maharashtra states of India. It can be used to refer any of the Hindu goddesses like Durga, Kannaki, Parvati, Saraswati, Lakshmi, and Kali...

 temples in north Kerala, Chenankavu
Chenankavu
The Chenankavu temple is a famous Bhagavathi temple in Kerala, located in Korom village, Payyanur, in north Kerala. This temple is renowned for its two annual festivals, Vishu Maholsavam and Saptaham Vayana, both held concurrently in the first half of April each year.-See also:* Temples of...

 Temple is located in Korom
Korom
Korom is a village in Payyanur, Kerala. This village have an important place in the history of Communist movement in Kerala. The village is renowned for the famous Hindu temple, Chenankavu Bhagavathi Temple where the Goddess Bhagavathi is enshrined and attracts a number of Bhagavathi devotees...

 village. Annual festival used to feature a galore of Theyyams, like Karichamundi.

Perunthanniuur Subramanya Swami Temple

Perunthanniuur Subramanya Swami Temple, korom is another historic temple in Payyanur. A Subramnaya temple, which is lacking a Sarpa Pratishta, which was destroyed by Tippu Sulthan, and further by communist revolutions in North Malabar is with least facilities. The Deva Prashna carried out by young astrologer of Payyanur, Shri. Chithrabhanu K Poduval, defines that the Sarpa Kaave (sarpa pratishta) can play a unique role in maintaining the temple from downfall. He found by the means of prashna that the Subramanya idol has a scar on its forehead, which was further justified by the Sri. Shankaran Namboothiri, the temple priest, sitting in the srikovil of the temple.

Sree Rayarothidam Someswari Temple

This temple is located at Padinjarkkara, Kadannappalli West. It is one of the famous Bhagavathi temple.Currently the temple is undergoing renovation work managed by Mr.E.P.G. Nambiar(Chennai)and other members of Erankot Tharavadu. Every year during the month of January (Makaram 17) theyyam "Karimchamundi" is performed in the temple.

Sree Makeel Mundyakkavu, Kozhummal

Makeel Mundyakkavu is one of the famous and ancient 'kavu'(temple) situated at green village called Kozhummal, which is about 7 km away from Payyanur town.

Pavithra Mothiram

Payyanur Pavithram or Pavithra Mothiram is internationally famous like" Aranmula Mirror "or "Ambalapuzha Palpayasam". Pavithram is the particular ring worn during performing vedic or holy rituals or during the "pithrubali" (ceremony performed for the well-being of the forefathers or departed souls) in the Hindu tradition. The traditional Pavitram is usually made of "dharba" grass. The formation of Payyanur Pavitram is closely related with Payyanur Sree Subrahmanya Swami Temple. According to the legends, Pavitram made of gold was recommended to avoid the inconvenience of making it many times a day for the various poojas and rituals.

Payyanur Pavithra Mothiram is a uniquely crafted ring shaped like a knot and considered being a sacred ornament. Usually Payyanur Pavithram is being made of Gold and Silver. The Pavithram is to be worn on the right ring finger by the person performing Vedic Karmas. It is believed that this ring will bring luck and grace to anyone who wears it with the deep devotion. The three lines on the top of the ring represents the three vital "nadees"(nerves) of the human body, Ida, Pingala and Sushumna. The knot between these three nerves together can awake or arose the "Kundalini sakthi" (vital energy of the body) of the human body. It is believed that the Pavithram brings the "Trimoorthi Chaithanyam" ( the vigor or the effect due to the presence of the trinity of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva).The person who wear Pavithram as well as the Goldsmith who makes it has to have to impose some sort of self control or discipline over themselves. They should be pure vegetarian and shouldn't take alcohol and should keep way from immoral activities. If wore by women, they have to remove the ring during the period of menstruation.

According to tradition, the Pavithram, before handed over to the customer, is taken to Payyanur Perumal Temple for special poojas and a part of the cost of the ring will be given to the temple as an offering. Payyanur Pavithram is being exhibited in many of the museums of India as well as abroad. It is relevant to mention the name of late C.V. Kunhambu, who was an expert in the making of Payyanur Pavithram and was also a great freedom fighter.
Payyannur has a great history of national movement,prominent leaders being, KP Kunhiraman Poduval and Subrahmanya Shenoy .

Other places near Payyanur

  • Cheruvathur
    Cheruvathur
    Cheruvathur is a town in the Kasaragod district, located in the South Indian state of Kerala. It is located 58 km from the district headquarters, Kasaragod town.Cheruvathur has a railway station and a small bus stand...

     12 km from Payyannur
  • Pilathara
    Pilathara
    Pilathara is a small town near Payyannur in the Kannur district of Kerala, India.This region is noted for its cultural, traditional and religious characteristics. The Pariyaram Academy of Medical Sciences is within walking distance of Pilathara. Payangadi and Mathamangalam are located south and...

     8 km from Payyannur
  • Korom
    Korom
    Korom is a village in Payyanur, Kerala. This village have an important place in the history of Communist movement in Kerala. The village is renowned for the famous Hindu temple, Chenankavu Bhagavathi Temple where the Goddess Bhagavathi is enshrined and attracts a number of Bhagavathi devotees...

     5 km from Payyanur
  • Peringome 20 km from Payyanur
  • Payyambalam Beach
    Payyambalam Beach
    Payyambalam Beach is a beach in Kannur district of Kerala in India that attracts tourists and local people. It often finds mention in tourism related publications as a beautiful beach. It has now a garden close to it. The beach is just 2 km from Kannur town....

     40 km from Payyanur
  • Ezhimala 12 km from Payyanur Town
  • Kunhimangalam
    Kunhimangalam
    Kunhimangalam is a small village situated in the north end of Kannur District in the state of Kerala. Payyanur and Payangadi are the main neighboring towns of Kunhimangalam...

     village 8 km from payyannur town
  • Kavvayi Island
    Kavvayi
    Kavvayi is a small island, near Payyannur in the Kannur district of Kerala state in India. The island is connected to Payyannur by a small bridge on the Kavvayi River. This is a very scenic island...

     3 km from Payyanur
  • Ramanthali
    Ramanthali
    Ramanthali is a village in Kannur district in the Indian state of Kerala.It boasts the gateway for Indian Naval Academy in Ezhiamala.-Demographics: India census, Ramanthali had a population of 21937 with 10173 males and 11764 females....

    7 km from Payyanur
  • Thayineri 2 km from Payyanur
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