Paul R. McHugh
Encyclopedia
Paul Rodney McHugh is an American
psychiatrist
, researcher, and educator. He is University Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the author, co-author, or editor of seven books within his field.
, the son of a Lowell High School teacher and a homemaker, He graduated from Harvard College
in 1952 and from Harvard Medical School
in 1956. While at Harvard he was "introduced to and ultimately directed away from the Freudian school of psychiatry."
Following medical school, McHugh's education was influenced by George Thorn, the Physician-in-Chief at the Harvard-affiliated Peter Bent Brigham Hospital (now Brigham and Women's Hospital
). Thorn was disillusioned with Freudian psychiatry and felt that those who devoted themselves to it became single-minded, failing to grow as doctors. Thorn encouraged McHugh to develop a different career path, suggesting that he enter the field of psychiatry by first studying neurology. At Thorn's recommendation, McHugh was accepted into the neurology and neuropathology residency program at the Massachusetts General Hospital
where he studied for three years under Dr. Raymond Adams, the chief of the Neurology Department.
From Massachusetts General, McHugh went to the Institute of Psychiatry
in London
(where he studied under Sir Aubrey Lewis and was supervised by James Gibbons and Gerald Russell
). Following his year in London, McHugh went to the Division of Neuropsychiatry at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research.
School of Medicine (where he founded the Bourne Behavioral Research Laboratory), Clinical Director and Director of Residency Education at the New York Hospital Westchester Division; Professor and Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at the Oregon Health Sciences Center at the University of Oregon
.
From 1975 till 2001, McHugh was the Henry Phipps Professor of Psychiatry and the director of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at the Johns Hopkins University
. At the same time, he was psychiatrist-in-chief at the Johns Hopkins Hospital
. He is currently University Distinguished Service Professor of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
His own research has focused on the neuroscientific foundations of motivated behaviors, psychiatric genetics, epidemiology, and neuropsychiatry.
During the 1960s, McHugh co-authored papers on hydrocephalus, depression and suicide, and amygdaloid stimulation.
In 1975, McHugh co-authored (along with M. F. Folstein and S. E. Folstein) a paper entitled "Mini-Mental State: A Practical Method for Grading the Cognitive State of Patients for the Clinician." This paper details the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE), an exam consisting of just eleven questions, that quickly and accurately assesses patients for signs of dementia and other states of cognitive impairment. It is one of the most widely used tests in the mental health field.
In 1979, in his capacity as chair of the Department of Psychiatry, McHugh closed down the gender identity clinic at Johns Hopkins Hospital.
In 1983, McHugh and colleague Phillip R. Slavney co-authored The Perspectives of Psychiatry, which presents the Johns Hopkins approach to psychiatry. The book "seeks to systematically apply the best work of behaviorists, psychotherapists, social scientists and other specialists long viewed as at odds with each other." A second edition was published in 1998.
In 1992, McHugh treated the then-president of The American University, Richard Berendzen who'd been accused of making obscene phone calls to a 16-year-old baby sitter in Washington, D.C.
McHugh also treated author Tom Wolfe
for depression suffered following coronary bypass surgery. Wolfe dedicated his 1998 novel, A Man in Full to McHugh, “whose brilliance, comradeship and unfailing kindness saved the day.”
In 1992, McHugh announced that he was going to leave Johns Hopkins and accept a position as director and CEO of Friends Hospital in Philadelphia. The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine quickly sought to retain him and was successful in doing so.
Throughout the decade of the 1990s, McHugh was active in debunking the idea of recovered memory—that is, the idea that people could suddenly and spontaneously remember childhood sexual abuse.
In 2001, McHugh was appointed by President George W. Bush
to the Presidential Council on Bioethics. The Council was charged with the task of making recommendations as to what the U.S. federal government's policy regarding embryonic stem cells should be. McHugh was against using new lines of embryonic stem cells derived from in vitro fertilization but was in favor of the use of stem cells derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer
(SCNT). In SCNT, the nucleus of a cell is removed and replaced by another cell nucleus. McHugh felt that cells created in this fashion could be regarded as tissue; whereas, stem cells taken from embryos caused the killing of an unborn child.
In 2002, McHugh was appointed to a lay panel assembled by the Roman Catholic Church
to look into sexual abuse by priests.
In 2010, McHugh made a motion in United States District Court, Northern District of California, to file an amicus curiae
brief in the case of Perry et al. v. Schwarzenegger et al. that stated in part: "Amicus seeks to provide information to this Court bearing on its decision of whether to endorse a legal declaration that orientation is a fixed and immutable characteristic similar to race or gender. In the proposed brief, Amicus points out two highly relevant facts: (1) there is no scientific consensus on what homosexuality is, and the number of people who fit in the class “gay and lesbian” varies widely, depending on which definition of homosexuality is used and (2) there is no scientific consensus that homosexuality is exclusively or primarily genetic in origin."
He opposes the symptom-only system of classification presented in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(editions III, III-R, IV, and IV-TR) on the grounds that it classifies mental disorders according to observation of signs and symptoms while not addressing underlying causes.
McHugh's theoretical orientation has led him to take controversial stands on a number of current psychiatric/medical issues including post traumatic stress disorder, multiple personality disorder (MPD) or dissociative identity disorder
(DID), physician assisted suicide, and sexual reassignment surgery.
McHugh argues that multiple personality disorder (MPD; now known as dissociative identity disorder
[DID]) is not, as has been maintained by some, a disorder in which a person actually has two or more distinct personalities. He further argues that MPD/DID is not "the linear consequence of child abuse" Instead, McHugh argues that MPD/DID is an artifact—a symptom or symptoms designed to garner medical attention or sympathy. Other such artifacts include conversion disorder
, Briquet syndrome, and malingering
.
He generally opposes sexual reassignment surgery for both children and adults. With respect to male infants (i.e., those with the XY chromosome) born with genital malformation, McHugh feels that parents should refrain from deciding to surgically alter them to appear female. Instead, he feels that these children should be allowed to mature at which point they themselves can make an informed decision about what surgery to obtain, if any. When McHugh became head of Johns Hopkins psychiatry department in 1975, he fought John Money
and other founders of the school's pioneering Gender Identity Clinic to have it successfully shut down.
McHugh believes that adult males who wish to surgically alter themselves to appear anatomically female fall into two main groups: (1) "conflicted and guilt-ridden homosexual men" and (2) "heterosexual (and some bisexual) males who found intense sexual arousal in cross-dressing as females". McHugh, had several other impressions: First, "they [the transgendered individuals] were little changed in their psychological condition. They had much the same problems with relationships, work, and emotions as before. The hope that they would emerge now from their emotional difficulties to flourish psychologically had not been fulfilled". Second, they expressed little interest in and seemed indifferent to babies or children (typically female interests). Third, they came off as caricatures of the opposite sex.
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
psychiatrist
Psychiatrist
A psychiatrist is a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. All psychiatrists are trained in diagnostic evaluation and in psychotherapy...
, researcher, and educator. He is University Distinguished Professor of Psychiatry at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the author, co-author, or editor of seven books within his field.
Education
McHugh was born in Lawrence, MassachusettsLawrence, Massachusetts
Lawrence is a city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States on the Merrimack River. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a total population of 76,377. Surrounding communities include Methuen to the north, Andover to the southwest, and North Andover to the southeast. It and Salem are...
, the son of a Lowell High School teacher and a homemaker, He graduated from Harvard College
Harvard College
Harvard College, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is one of two schools within Harvard University granting undergraduate degrees...
in 1952 and from Harvard Medical School
Harvard Medical School
Harvard Medical School is the graduate medical school of Harvard University. It is located in the Longwood Medical Area of the Mission Hill neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts....
in 1956. While at Harvard he was "introduced to and ultimately directed away from the Freudian school of psychiatry."
Following medical school, McHugh's education was influenced by George Thorn, the Physician-in-Chief at the Harvard-affiliated Peter Bent Brigham Hospital (now Brigham and Women's Hospital
Brigham and Women's Hospital
Brigham and Women's Hospital is the largest hospital of the Longwood Medical and Academic Area in Boston, Massachusetts. It is directly adjacent to Harvard Medical School of which it is the second largest teaching affiliate with 793 beds...
). Thorn was disillusioned with Freudian psychiatry and felt that those who devoted themselves to it became single-minded, failing to grow as doctors. Thorn encouraged McHugh to develop a different career path, suggesting that he enter the field of psychiatry by first studying neurology. At Thorn's recommendation, McHugh was accepted into the neurology and neuropathology residency program at the Massachusetts General Hospital
Massachusetts General Hospital
Massachusetts General Hospital is a teaching hospital and biomedical research facility in the West End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts...
where he studied for three years under Dr. Raymond Adams, the chief of the Neurology Department.
From Massachusetts General, McHugh went to the Institute of Psychiatry
Institute of Psychiatry
The Institute of Psychiatry is a research institution dedicated to discovering what causes mental illness and diseases of the brain. In addition, its aim is to help identify new treatments for them and ways to prevent them in the first place...
in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
(where he studied under Sir Aubrey Lewis and was supervised by James Gibbons and Gerald Russell
Gerald Russell
Professor Gerald Francis Morris Russell is a British psychiatrist. In 1979 he published the first description of bulimia nervosa, and Russell's sign has been named after him.-Early life:...
). Following his year in London, McHugh went to the Division of Neuropsychiatry at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research.
Career
After his training, McHugh held various academic and administrative positions: Professor of Psychiatry at Cornell UniversityCornell University
Cornell University is an Ivy League university located in Ithaca, New York, United States. It is a private land-grant university, receiving annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions...
School of Medicine (where he founded the Bourne Behavioral Research Laboratory), Clinical Director and Director of Residency Education at the New York Hospital Westchester Division; Professor and Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry at the Oregon Health Sciences Center at the University of Oregon
University of Oregon
-Colleges and schools:The University of Oregon is organized into eight schools and colleges—six professional schools and colleges, an Arts and Sciences College and an Honors College.- School of Architecture and Allied Arts :...
.
From 1975 till 2001, McHugh was the Henry Phipps Professor of Psychiatry and the director of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science at the Johns Hopkins University
Johns Hopkins University
The Johns Hopkins University, commonly referred to as Johns Hopkins, JHU, or simply Hopkins, is a private research university based in Baltimore, Maryland, United States...
. At the same time, he was psychiatrist-in-chief at the Johns Hopkins Hospital
Johns Hopkins Hospital
The Johns Hopkins Hospital is the teaching hospital and biomedical research facility of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, located in Baltimore, Maryland . It was founded using money from a bequest by philanthropist Johns Hopkins...
. He is currently University Distinguished Service Professor of Psychiatry at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
His own research has focused on the neuroscientific foundations of motivated behaviors, psychiatric genetics, epidemiology, and neuropsychiatry.
During the 1960s, McHugh co-authored papers on hydrocephalus, depression and suicide, and amygdaloid stimulation.
In 1975, McHugh co-authored (along with M. F. Folstein and S. E. Folstein) a paper entitled "Mini-Mental State: A Practical Method for Grading the Cognitive State of Patients for the Clinician." This paper details the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE), an exam consisting of just eleven questions, that quickly and accurately assesses patients for signs of dementia and other states of cognitive impairment. It is one of the most widely used tests in the mental health field.
In 1979, in his capacity as chair of the Department of Psychiatry, McHugh closed down the gender identity clinic at Johns Hopkins Hospital.
In 1983, McHugh and colleague Phillip R. Slavney co-authored The Perspectives of Psychiatry, which presents the Johns Hopkins approach to psychiatry. The book "seeks to systematically apply the best work of behaviorists, psychotherapists, social scientists and other specialists long viewed as at odds with each other." A second edition was published in 1998.
In 1992, McHugh treated the then-president of The American University, Richard Berendzen who'd been accused of making obscene phone calls to a 16-year-old baby sitter in Washington, D.C.
McHugh also treated author Tom Wolfe
Tom Wolfe
Thomas Kennerly "Tom" Wolfe, Jr. is a best-selling American author and journalist. He is one of the founders of the New Journalism movement of the 1960s and 1970s.-Early life and education:...
for depression suffered following coronary bypass surgery. Wolfe dedicated his 1998 novel, A Man in Full to McHugh, “whose brilliance, comradeship and unfailing kindness saved the day.”
In 1992, McHugh announced that he was going to leave Johns Hopkins and accept a position as director and CEO of Friends Hospital in Philadelphia. The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine quickly sought to retain him and was successful in doing so.
Throughout the decade of the 1990s, McHugh was active in debunking the idea of recovered memory—that is, the idea that people could suddenly and spontaneously remember childhood sexual abuse.
In 2001, McHugh was appointed by President George W. Bush
George W. Bush
George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States, from 2001 to 2009. Before that, he was the 46th Governor of Texas, having served from 1995 to 2000....
to the Presidential Council on Bioethics. The Council was charged with the task of making recommendations as to what the U.S. federal government's policy regarding embryonic stem cells should be. McHugh was against using new lines of embryonic stem cells derived from in vitro fertilization but was in favor of the use of stem cells derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer
Somatic cell nuclear transfer
In genetics and developmental biology, somatic-cell nuclear transfer is a laboratory technique for creating a clonal embryo, using an ovum with a donor nucleus . It can be used in embryonic stem cell research, or, potentially, in regenerative medicine where it is sometimes referred to as...
(SCNT). In SCNT, the nucleus of a cell is removed and replaced by another cell nucleus. McHugh felt that cells created in this fashion could be regarded as tissue; whereas, stem cells taken from embryos caused the killing of an unborn child.
In 2002, McHugh was appointed to a lay panel assembled by the Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...
to look into sexual abuse by priests.
In 2010, McHugh made a motion in United States District Court, Northern District of California, to file an amicus curiae
Amicus curiae
An amicus curiae is someone, not a party to a case, who volunteers to offer information to assist a court in deciding a matter before it...
brief in the case of Perry et al. v. Schwarzenegger et al. that stated in part: "Amicus seeks to provide information to this Court bearing on its decision of whether to endorse a legal declaration that orientation is a fixed and immutable characteristic similar to race or gender. In the proposed brief, Amicus points out two highly relevant facts: (1) there is no scientific consensus on what homosexuality is, and the number of people who fit in the class “gay and lesbian” varies widely, depending on which definition of homosexuality is used and (2) there is no scientific consensus that homosexuality is exclusively or primarily genetic in origin."
Theoretical Orientation
McHugh proposes that alterations in mental life be viewed from four perspectives:- The perspective of disease: what is wrong with the structure of the brain itself? Depression, schizophrenia and dementia are often viewed from the disease perpective.
- The perspective of dimension: in what way does an individual's character cause him trouble (e.g., extraversion/introversion, high IQ/low IQ)?
- The perspective of behavior: what actions persist because they have been re-inforced, or are driven by biological means? Addiction, obesity, or paraphilias are often seen from the behavior perspective.
- The perspective of life-story: what has happened to a person which leads him to experience life as he does? Grief is often viewed from the life-story perspective.
He opposes the symptom-only system of classification presented in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders is published by the American Psychiatric Association and provides a common language and standard criteria for the classification of mental disorders...
(editions III, III-R, IV, and IV-TR) on the grounds that it classifies mental disorders according to observation of signs and symptoms while not addressing underlying causes.
McHugh's theoretical orientation has led him to take controversial stands on a number of current psychiatric/medical issues including post traumatic stress disorder, multiple personality disorder (MPD) or dissociative identity disorder
Dissociative identity disorder
Dissociative identity disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis and describes a condition in which a person displays multiple distinct identities , each with its own pattern of perceiving and interacting with the environment....
(DID), physician assisted suicide, and sexual reassignment surgery.
McHugh argues that multiple personality disorder (MPD; now known as dissociative identity disorder
Dissociative identity disorder
Dissociative identity disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis and describes a condition in which a person displays multiple distinct identities , each with its own pattern of perceiving and interacting with the environment....
[DID]) is not, as has been maintained by some, a disorder in which a person actually has two or more distinct personalities. He further argues that MPD/DID is not "the linear consequence of child abuse" Instead, McHugh argues that MPD/DID is an artifact—a symptom or symptoms designed to garner medical attention or sympathy. Other such artifacts include conversion disorder
Conversion disorder
Conversion disorder is a condition in which patients present with neurological symptoms such as numbness, blindness, paralysis, or fits without a neurological cause. It is thought that these problems arise in response to difficulties in the patient's life, and conversion is considered a psychiatric...
, Briquet syndrome, and malingering
Malingering
Malingering is a medical term that refers to fabricating or exaggerating the symptoms of mental or physical disorders for a variety of "secondary gain" motives, which may include financial compensation ; avoiding school, work or military service; obtaining drugs; getting lighter criminal sentences;...
.
He generally opposes sexual reassignment surgery for both children and adults. With respect to male infants (i.e., those with the XY chromosome) born with genital malformation, McHugh feels that parents should refrain from deciding to surgically alter them to appear female. Instead, he feels that these children should be allowed to mature at which point they themselves can make an informed decision about what surgery to obtain, if any. When McHugh became head of Johns Hopkins psychiatry department in 1975, he fought John Money
John Money
John William Money was a psychologist, sexologist and author, specializing in research into sexual identity and biology of gender...
and other founders of the school's pioneering Gender Identity Clinic to have it successfully shut down.
McHugh believes that adult males who wish to surgically alter themselves to appear anatomically female fall into two main groups: (1) "conflicted and guilt-ridden homosexual men" and (2) "heterosexual (and some bisexual) males who found intense sexual arousal in cross-dressing as females". McHugh, had several other impressions: First, "they [the transgendered individuals] were little changed in their psychological condition. They had much the same problems with relationships, work, and emotions as before. The hope that they would emerge now from their emotional difficulties to flourish psychologically had not been fulfilled". Second, they expressed little interest in and seemed indifferent to babies or children (typically female interests). Third, they came off as caricatures of the opposite sex.
Social, Political, and Religious Views
Paul McHugh is a practicing Catholic. He is a Democrat who describes himself as "religiously orthodox, politically liberal and culturally conservative -- a believer in marriage and the Marines, a supporter of institutions and family values."Author
- McHugh, P. R. (2006). Try to Remember: Psychiatry's Clash over Meaning, Memory, and Mind. New York: DANA.
- ---. (2008). The Mind Has Mountains: Reflections on Society and Psychiatry. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Co-Author
- Hedblom, J. H., & McHugh, P. R. (2007). Last Call: Alcoholism and Recovery.
- Fagan, P. J., & McHugh, P. R. Sexual Disorders: Perspectives on Diagnosis and Treatment.
- Neubauer, D. N., & McHugh, P. R. Understanding Sleeplessness: Perspectives on Insomnia.
- McHugh, P. R., & Slavney, P. R. (1998). The Perspectives of Psychiatry, 2nd ed. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
- Rosen GM, Spitzer RL, McHugh PR. Problems with the post-traumatic stress disorder diagnosis and its future in DSM V. Br J Psychiatry. 2008 Jan;192(1):3-4.PMID 18174499
- McCabe OL, Kaminsky MJ, McHugh PR. Clinical assessment in disaster mental health: a logic of case formulation. Am J Disaster Med. 2007 Nov-Dec;2(6):297-306. Review. PMID 18297950
- McHugh PR, Treisman G. PTSD: a problematic diagnostic category. J Anxiety Disord. 2007;21(2):211-22. Epub 2006 Nov 7. Review. PMID 17085011
- McHugh PR. Striving for coherence: psychiatry's efforts over classification. JAMA. 2005 May 25;293(20):2526-8. PMID 15914753
- McHugh PR. Where's the wisdom? Cerebrum. 2004 Fall;6(4):27-8. PMID 15986532
- McHugh PR. No veterinarian to "The naked ape" I. Cerebrum. 2004 Fall;6(4):19-24. PMID 15986530
- McHugh PR, Lief HI, Freyd PP, Fetkewicz JM. From refusal to reconciliation: family relationships after an accusation based on recovered memories. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2004 Aug;192(8):525-31.PMID 15387154
- McHugh PR. The adventures of a "different" pair. Physiol Behav. 2004 Aug;82(1):171-4.PMID 15234608
- McHugh PR. Zygote and "clonote"--the ethical use of embryonic stem cells. N Engl J Med. 2004 Jul 15;351(3):209-11. PMID 15254278
- McCabe OL, Gwon HS, McHugh PR, Breakey WR, Schwartz JM, Clark MR, Kaminsky MJ. Academic psychiatry and health care reform: strategic initiatives for sustaining the clinical mission. Psychiatr Serv. 2003 Feb;54(2):236-9.PMID 12556606
- Stephens JH, Richard P, McHugh PR. Long-term follow-up of patients with a diagnosis of paranoid state and hospitalized, 1913 to 1940. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2000 Apr;188(4):202-8.PMID 10789996
- Moran TH, Wirth JB, Schwartz GJ, McHugh PR. Interactions between gastric volume and duodenal nutrients in the control of liquid gastric emptying. Am J Physiol. 1999 Apr;276(4 Pt 2):R997-R1002.PMID 10198377
- McHugh PR. Dying made easy. Commentary. 1999 Feb;107(2):13-7. PMID 15986526
- Stephens JH, Richard P, McHugh PR. Suicide in patients hospitalized for schizophrenia: 1913-1940. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1999 Jan;187(1):10-4.PMID 9952248
- Stephens JH, Richard P, McHugh PR. Long-term follow-up of patients hospitalized for schizophrenia, 1913 to 1940. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1997 Dec;185(12):715-21.PMID 9442182
- McHugh PR. Physician-assisted suicide—the ultimate right? N Engl J Med. 1997 May 22;336(21):1525; author reply 1526. PMID 9157280
- McHugh PR. Hippocrates à la mode. Nat Med. 1996 May;2(5):507-9. PMID 8616701
- Peyser CE, Folstein M, Chase GA, Starkstein S, Brandt J, Cockrell JR, Bylsma F, Coyle JT, McHugh PR, Folstein SE. Trial of d-alpha-tocopherol in Huntington's disease. Am J Psychiatry. 1995 Dec;152(12):1771-5.PMID 8526244
- McHugh PR, Putnam FW. Resolved: multiple personality disorder is an individually and socially created artifact. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995 Jul;34(7):957-62; discussion 962-3. PMID 7649967
- McHugh PR. Witches, multiple personalities, and other psychiatric artifacts. Nat Med. 1995 Feb;1(2):110-4.PMID 7585001
- McHugh PR. A "letter of experience" about faculty promotion in medical schools. Acad Med. 1994 Nov;69(11):877-81.PMID 7945683
- McHugh PR. Suicide and medical afflictions. Medicine (Baltimore). 1994 Nov;73(6):297-8. PMID 7984080
- Cohen BJ, Nestadt G, Samuels JF, Romanoski AJ, McHugh PR, Rabins PV. Personality disorder in later life: a community study. Br J Psychiatry. 1994 Oct;165(4):493-9.PMID 7804664
- Salorio CF, Hammond PB, Schwartz GJ, McHugh PR, Moran TH. Age-dependent effects of CCK and devazepide in male and female rats. Physiol Behav. 1994 Oct;56(4):645-8.PMID 7800726
- Schwartz GJ, McHugh PR, Moran TH. Pharmacological dissociation of responses to CCK and gastric loads in rat mechanosensitive vagal afferents. Am J Physiol. 1994 Jul;267(1 Pt 2):R303-8.PMID 8048636
- Samuels JF, Nestadt G, Romanoski AJ, Folstein MF, McHugh PR. DSM-III personality disorders in the community. Am J Psychiatry. 1994 Jul;151(7):1055-62.PMID 8010364
- Nestadt G, Samuels JF, Romanoski AJ, Folstein MF, McHugh PR. Obsessions and compulsions in the community. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1994 Apr;89(4):219-24.PMID 8023687
- McHugh PR. [The Professorial Promotions Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of Johns Hopkins: a letter of experience] Med Clin (Barc). 1994 Feb 26;102(7):259-66. Spanish. PMID 8170214
- Nestadt G, Eaton WW, Romanoski AJ, Garrison R, Folstein MF, McHugh PR. Assessment of DSM-III personality structure in a general-population survey. Compr Psychiatry. 1994 Jan-Feb;35(1):54-63.PMID 8149730
- Lyketsos CG, Hanson A, Fishman M, McHugh PR, Treisman GJ. Screening for psychiatric morbidity in a medical outpatient clinic for HIV infection: the need for a psychiatric presence. Int J Psychiatry Med. 1994;24(2):103-13.PMID 7960418
- Treisman G, Fishman M, Lyketsos C, McHugh PR. Evaluation and treatment of psychiatric disorders associated with HIV infection. Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis. 1994;72:239-50. PMID 8115716
- Schwartz GJ, McHugh PR, Moran TH. Gastric loads and cholecystokinin synergistically stimulate rat gastric vagal afferents. Am J Physiol. 1993 Oct;265(4 Pt 2):R872-6.PMID 8238459
- Moran TH, Ameglio PJ, Peyton HJ, Schwartz GJ, McHugh PR. Blockade of type A, but not type B, CCK receptors postpones satiety in rhesus monkeys. Am J Physiol. 1993 Sep;265(3 Pt 2):R620-4.PMID 8214156
- Treisman GJ, Lyketsos CG, Fishman M, Hanson AL, Rosenblatt A, McHugh PR. Psychiatric care for patients with HIV infection. The varying perspectives. Psychosomatics. 1993 Sep-Oct;34(5):432-9. Review.PMID 7908136
- Moran TH, Ameglio PJ, Schwartz GJ, Peyton HJ, McHugh PR. Endogenous cholecystokinin in the control of gastric emptying of liquid nutrient loads in rhesus monkeys. Am J Physiol. 1993 Aug;265(2 Pt 2):R371-5.PMID 8368391
- Schwartz GJ, Berkow G, McHugh PR, Moran TH. Gastric branch vagotomy blocks nutrient and cholecystokinin-induced suppression of gastric emptying. Am J Physiol. 1993 Mar;264(3 Pt 2):R630-7. Erratum in: Am J Physiol 1993 Jun;264(6 Pt 2):section R following table of contents. Am J Physiol 1993 Jun;264(6 Pt 3):section R followi. PMID 8457019
- Lyketsos CG, Hanson AL, Fishman M, Rosenblatt A, McHugh PR, Treisman GJ. Manic syndrome early and late in the course of HIV. Am J Psychiatry. 1993 Feb;150(2):326-7.PMID 8422087
- Nestadt G, Romanoski AJ, Samuels JF, Folstein MF, McHugh PR. The relationship between personality and DSM-III axis I disorders in the population: results from an epidemiological survey. Am J Psychiatry. 1992 Sep;149(9):1228-33.PMID 1503137
- McHugh PR. A structure for psychiatry at the century's turn—the view from Johns Hopkins. J R Soc Med. 1992 Aug;85(8):483-7. Review. PMID 1404200
- Romanoski AJ, Folstein MF, Nestadt G, Chahal R, Merchant A, Brown CH, Gruenberg EM, McHugh PR. The epidemiology of psychiatrist-ascertained depression and DSM-III depressive disorders. Results from the Eastern Baltimore Mental Health Survey Clinical Reappraisal. Psychol Med. 1992 Aug;22(3):629-55.PMID 1410089
- Moran TH, Sawyer TK, Seeb DH, Ameglio PJ, Lombard MA, McHugh PR. Potent and sustained satiety actions of a cholecystokinin octapeptide analogue. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992 Jan;55(1 Suppl):286S-290S.PMID 1728841
- Moran TH, Ameglio PJ, Schwartz GJ, McHugh PR. Blockade of type A, not type B, CCK receptors attenuates satiety actions of exogenous and endogenous CCK. Am J Physiol. 1992 Jan;262(1 Pt 2):R46-50.PMID 1733339
- Schwartz GJ, Netterville LA, McHugh PR, Moran TH. Gastric loads potentiate inhibition of food intake produced by a cholecystokinin analogue. Am J Physiol. 1991 Nov;261(5 Pt 2):R1141-6.PMID 1951762
- Moran TH, Crosby RJ, McHugh PR. Effects of pylorectomy on cholecystokinin-induced inhibition of liquid gastric emptying. Am J Physiol. 1991 Sep;261(3 Pt 2):R531-5.PMID 1887942
- Schwartz GJ, McHugh PR, Moran TH. Integration of vagal afferent responses to gastric loads and cholecystokinin in rats. Am J Physiol. 1991 Jul;261(1 Pt 2):R64-9.PMID 1858957
- Nestadt G, Romanoski AJ, Brown CH, Chahal R, Merchant A, Folstein MF, Gruenberg EM, McHugh PR. DSM-III compulsive personality disorder: an epidemiological survey. Psychol Med. 1991 May;21(2):461-71.PMID 1876651
- Stephens JH, McHugh PR. Characteristics and long-term follow-up of patients hospitalized for mood disorders in the Phipps Clinic, 1913-1940. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1991 Feb;179(2):64-73.PMID 1990073
- Ladenheim EE, Jensen RT, Mantey SA, McHugh PR, Moran TH. Receptor heterogeneity for bombesin-like peptides in the rat central nervous system. Brain Res. 1990 Dec 24;537(1-2):233-40.PMID 1964836
- Schwartz GJ, Moran TH, McHugh PR. Autoradiographic and functional development of gastric cholecystokinin receptors in the rat. Peptides. 1990 Nov-Dec;11(6):1199-203.PMID 2087440
- Moran TH, Norgren R, Crosby RJ, McHugh PR.Central and peripheral vagal transport of cholecystokinin binding sites occurs in afferent fibers. Brain Res. 1990 Aug 27;526(1):95-102.PMID 2078822
- Nestadt G, Romanoski AJ, Chahal R, Merchant A, Folstein MF, Gruenberg EM, McHugh PR. An epidemiological study of histrionic personality disorder. Psychol Med. 1990 May;20(2):413-22.PMID 2356266
- Hostetler AM, McHugh PR, Moran TH. Bombesin affects feeding independent of a gastric mechanism or site of action. Am J Physiol. 1989 Nov;257(5 Pt 2):R1219-24.PMID 2589546
- McHugh PR. Curt Richter and Johns Hopkins: a union of assets. Am J Physiol. 1989 Jun;256(6 Pt 2):R1169-70. PMID 2660599
- McHugh PR, Moran TH, Killilea M. The approaches to the study of human disorders in food ingestion and body weight maintenance. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1989;575:1-11; discussion 11-2. Review. PMID 2699181
- Margolis RL, Moran TH, McHugh PR. In vitro response of rat gastrointestinal segments to cholecystokinin and bombesin. Peptides. 1989 Jan-Feb;10(1):157-61.PMID 2748418
- Moran TH, Shnayder L, Hostetler AM, McHugh PR. Pylorectomy reduces the satiety action of cholecystokinin. Am J Physiol. 1988 Dec;255(6 Pt 2):R1059-63.PMID 3202221
- Robinson PH, Moran TH, McHugh PR. Cholecystokinin inhibits independent ingestion in neonatal rats. Am J Physiol. 1988 Jul;255(1 Pt 2):R14-20.PMID 3394837
- Moran TH, Moody TW, Hostetler AM, Robinson PH, Goldrich M, McHugh PR. Distribution of bombesin binding sites in the rat gastrointestinal tract. Peptides. 1988 May-Jun;9(3):643-9.PMID 2843836
- Moran TH, McHugh PR. Gastric and nongastric mechanisms for satiety action of cholecystokinin. Am J Physiol. 1988 Apr;254(4 Pt 2):R628-32.PMID 3354711
- Romanoski AJ, Nestadt G, Chahal R, Merchant A, Folstein MF, Gruenberg EM, McHugh PR. Interobserver reliability of a "Standardized Psychiatric Examination" (SPE) for case ascertainment (DSM-III). J Nerv Ment Dis. 1988 Feb;176(2):63-71.PMID 3339343
- Robinson PH, McHugh PR, Moran TH, Stephenson JD. Gastric control of food intake. J Psychosom Res. 1988;32(6):593-606. Review.PMID 3065484
- McHugh PR. William Osler and the new psychiatry. Ann Intern Med. 1987 Dec;107(6):914-8.PMID 3318611
- McHugh PR. Psychiatry and its scientific relatives: "a little more than kin and less than kind". J Nerv Ment Dis. 1987 Oct;175(10):579-83. PMID 3655766
- Moran TH, Smith GP, Hostetler AM, McHugh PR. Transport of cholecystokinin (CCK) binding sites in subdiaphragmatic vagal branches. Brain Res. 1987 Jul 7;415(1):149-52.PMID 2441809
- Robinson PH, Moran TH, Goldrich M, McHugh PR. Development of cholecystokinin binding sites in rat upper gastrointestinal tract. Am J Physiol. 1987 Apr;252(4 Pt 1):G529-34.PMID 3565569
- McHugh PR, Moran TH. The inhibition of feeding produced by direct intraintestinal infusion of glucose: is this satiety? Brain Res Bull. 1986 Sep;17(3):415-8.PMID 3768744
- Robinson PH, Moran TH, McHugh PR. Inhibition of gastric emptying and feeding by fenfluramine. Am J Physiol. 1986 May;250(5 Pt 2):R764-9.PMID 3706564
- McHugh PR, Moran TH. The stomach, cholecystokinin, and satiety. Fed Proc. 1986 Apr;45(5):1384-90.PMID 3956759
- Moran TH, Robinson PH, Goldrich MS, McHugh PR. Two brain cholecystokinin receptors: implications for behavioral actions. Brain Res. 1986 Jan 1;362(1):175-9.PMID 3002550
- Folstein MF, Romanoski AJ, Nestadt G, Chahal R, Merchant A, Shapiro S, Kramer M, Anthony J, Gruenberg EM, McHugh PR. Brief report on the clinical reappraisal of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule carried out at the Johns Hopkins site of the Epidemiological Catchment Area Program of the NIMH. Psychol Med. 1985 Nov;15(4):809-14.PMID 4080884
- Slavney PR, McHugh PR. The life-story method in psychotherapy and psychiatric education: the development of confidence. Am J Psychother. 1985 Jan;39(1):57-67.PMID 3985228
- Folstein MF, Robinson R, Folstein S, McHugh PR. Depression and neurological disorders. New treatment opportunities for elderly depressed patients. J Affect Disord. 1985;Suppl 1:S11-4. PMID 2936781
- Smith GT, Moran TH, Coyle JT, Kuhar MJ, O'Donahue TL, McHugh PR. Anatomic localization of cholecystokinin receptors to the pyloric sphincter. Am J Physiol. 1984 Jan;246(1 Pt 2):R127-30.PMID 6320669
- McHugh PR. The control of gastric emptying. J Auton Nerv Syst. 1983 Oct;9(1):221-31.PMID 6663010
- McHugh PR, Robinson RG. The two-way trade—psychiatry and neuroscience. Br J Psychiatry. 1983 Sep;143:303-5. PMID 6138113
- Wirth JB, McHugh PR. Gastric distension and short-term satiety in the rhesus monkey. Am J Physiol. 1983 Aug;245(2):R174-80.PMID 6881376
- Brener W, Hendrix TR, McHugh PR. Regulation of the gastric emptying of glucose. Gastroenterology. 1983 Jul;85(1):76-82.PMID 6852464
- McHugh PR, Moran TH, Wirth JB. Postpyloric regulation of gastric emptying in rhesus monkeys. Am J Physiol. 1982 Sep;243(3):R408-15.PMID 7114297
- Hunt JN, McHugh PR. Does calcium mediate the slowing of gastric emptying in primates? Am J Physiol. 1982 Sep;243(3):G200-3.PMID 6810711
- Moran TH, McHugh PR. Cholecystokinin suppresses food intake by inhibiting gastric emptying. Am J Physiol. 1982 May;242(5):R491-7.PMID 7081475
- McHugh PR, Slavney PR. Methods of reasoning in psychopathology: conflict and resolution. Compr Psychiatry. 1982 May-Jun;23(3):197-215. PMID 7083848
- Tune LE, McHugh PR, Coyle JT. Drug management in chronic schizophrenia. Johns Hopkins Med J. 1982 Jan;150(1):45-8. PMID 7054584
- Pearlson GD, Veroff AE, McHugh PR. The use of computed tomography in psychiatry: recent applications to schizophrenia, manic-depressive illness and dementia syndromes. Johns Hopkins Med J. 1981 Nov;149(5):194-202. PMID 7311259
- Moran TH, McHugh PR. Distinctions among three sugars in their effects on gastric emptying and satiety. Am J Physiol. 1981 Jul;241(1):R25-30.PMID 7246798
- Rabins PV, Tune LE, McHugh PR. Tardive dyskinesia. Johns Hopkins Med J. 1981 May;148(5):206-11. PMID 6112284
- Tune LE, McHugh PR, Coyle JT. Management of extrapyramidal side effects induced by neuroleptics. Johns Hopkins Med J. 1981 Mar;148(3):149-53. PMID 7206408
- Robinson RG, Folstein MF, Simonson M, McHugh PR. Differential antianxiety response to caloric intake between normal and obese subjects. Psychosom Med. 1980 Jul;42(4):415-27.PMID 7443938
- McHugh PR, Moran TH. Calories and gastric emptying: a regulatory capacity with implications for feeding. Am J Physiol. 1979 May;236(5):R254-60.PMID 109014
- McHugh PR. Aspects of the control of feeding: application of quantitation in psychobiology. Johns Hopkins Med J. 1979 May;144(5):147-55.PMID 109695
- Robinson RG, Folstein MF, McHugh PR. Reduced caloric intake following small bowel bypass surgery: a systematic study of possible causes. Psychol Med. 1979 Feb;9(1):37-53.PMID 424487
- McHugh PR, Folstein MF. Psychopathology of dementia: implications for neuropathology. Res Publ Assoc Res Nerv Ment Dis. 1979;57:17-30. PMID 368926
- McHugh PR, Moran TH. Accuracy of the regulation of caloric ingestion in the rhesus monkey. Am J Physiol. 1978 Jul;235(1):R29-34.PMID 98062
- Folstein MF, McHugh PR. Defective long-term caloric regulation in obesity. NIDA Res Monogr. 1978 Jul;(20):182-8.PMID 101852
- Slavney RP, McHugh PR. Hysteria and Briquet's syndrome. Am J Psychiatry. 1978 Jun;135(6):759-60. PMID 655298
- Slavney PR, Rich GB, Pearlson GD, McHugh PR. Phencyclidine abuse and symptomatic mania. Biol Psychiatry. 1977 Oct;12(5):697-700. PMID 588649
- Folstein MF, Maiberger R, McHugh PR. Mood disorder as a specific complication of stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1977 Oct;40(10):1018-20.PMID 591971
- Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. Cognitive defect in medical illness. Ann Intern Med. 1977 Jun;86(6):827-8. PMID 869368
- Sovner RD, McHugh PR. Bipolar course in schizo-affective illness. Biol Psychiatry. 1976 Apr;11(2):195-204.PMID 971445
- Gibbs J, Falasco JD, McHugh PR. Cholecystokinin-decreased food intake in rhesus monkeys. Am J Physiol. 1976 Jan;230(1):15-18.PMID 814821
- Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-mental state". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975 Nov;12(3):189-98. PMID 1202204
- McHugh PR, Moran TH, Barton GN. Satiety: a graded behavioural phenomenon regulating caloric intake. Science. 1975 Oct 10;190(4210):167-9.PMID 1166310
- McHugh PR, Gibbs J, Falasco JD, Moran T, Smith GP. Inhibitions of feeding examined in rhesus monkeys with hypothalamic disconnexions. Brain. 1975 Sep;98(3):441-54.PMID 810215
- Robinson RG, McHugh PR, Folstein MF. Measurement of appetite disturbances in psychiatric disorders. J Psychiatr Res. 1975 Apr;12(1):59-68. PMID 1056477
- Slavney PR, McHugh PR. The hysterical personality. An attempt at validation with the MMPI. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1975 Feb;32(2):186-90.PMID 234726
- Von Grieff H, McHugh PR, Stokes PE. The familial history in sixteen males with bipolar manic-depressive illness. Proc Annu Meet Am Psychopathol Assoc. 1975;(63):233-9. PMID 1242227
- Robinson RG, McHugh PR, Bloom FE. Chlorpromazine induced hyperphagia in the rat. Psychopharmacol Commun. 1975;1(1):37-50.PMID 1223991
- Breakey WR, Goodell H, Lorenz PC, McHugh PR. Hallucinogenic drugs as precipitants of schizophrenia. Psychol Med. 1974 Aug;4(3):255-61. PMID 4427973
- Luria RE, McHugh PR. Reliability and clinical utility of the "Wing" Present State examination. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1974 Jun;30(6):866-71. PMID 4832191
- Slaveny PR, McHugh PR. The hysterical personality. A controlled study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1974 Mar;30(3):325-9. PMID 4813136
- Sovner RD, McHugh PR. Lithium in the treatment of periodic catatonia: a case report. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1974 Mar;158(3):214-21. PMID 4815670
- Folstein M, Folstein S, McHugh PR. Clinical predictors of improvement after electroconvulsive therapy of patients with schizophrenia, neurotic reactions, and affective disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 1973 Oct;7(2):147-52. PMID 4748846
- McHugh PR, Gibbs J. Aspects of subcortical organization of feeding revealed by hypothalamic disconnexions in Macaca mulatta. Brain. 1972;95(2):279-92. PMID 4347630
- McHugh PR, Goodell H. Suicidal behavior. A distinction in patients with sedative poisoning seen in a general hospital. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1971 Nov;25(5):456-64PMID 5133820
- Andersen AE, McHugh PR. Oat cell carcinoma with hypercortisolemia presenting to a psychiatric hospital as a suicide attempt. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1971 Jun;152(6):427-31. PMID 4327364
- McHugh PR. Hypothalamic controls on feeding behavior as revealed by a "disconnection" method. Trans Am Neurol Assoc. 1970;95:100-3. PMID 4998755
- Reis DJ, McHugh PR. Hypoxia as a cause of bradycardia during amygdala stimulation in monkey. Am J Physiol. 1968 Mar;214(3):601-10. PMID 4966348
- McHugh PR, Smith GP. Negative feedback in adrenocortical response to limbic stimulation in Macaca mulatta. Am J Physiol. 1967 Dec;213(6):1445-50. PMID 4965485
- Smith GP, McHugh PR. Gastric secretory response to amygdaloid or hypothalamic stimulation in monkeys. Am J Physiol. 1967 Sep;213(3):640-4. PMID 4962493
- McHugh PR, Smith GP. Plasma 17-OHCS response to amygdaloid stimulation with and without afterdischarges. Am J Physiol. 1967 Mar;212(3):619-22. PMID 4960173
- McHugh PR. Hydrocephalic dementia. Bull N Y Acad Med. 1966 Oct;42(10):907-17. PMID 5231976
- McHugh PR, Black WC, Mason JW. Some hormonal responses to electrical self-stimulation in the Macaca mulatta. Am J Physiol. 1966 Jan;210(1):109-13. PMID 4955255
- McHugh PR. Occult Hydrocephalus. Q J Med. 1964 Apr;33:297-308. PMID 14152976
- McHugh PR. [THE DECEMBER PLENUM OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE USSR AND PROBLEMS OF CHEMISTRY IN RADIOBIOLOGY.] Radiobiologiia. 1964;4:185. Russian. PMID 14152977
- Hays RM, McHugh PR, Williams HE. Absence of thirst in association with hydrocephalus. N Engl J Med. 1963 Aug 1;269:227-31. PMID 13963604
- Gibbons JL, McHugh PR. Plasma cortisol in depressive illness. J Psychiatr Res. 1962 Sep;1:162-71.
External links
- Paul R. McHugh's profile at USCCBUnited States Conference of Catholic BishopsThe United States Conference of Catholic Bishops is the episcopal conference of the Catholic Church in the United States. Founded in 1966 as the joint National Conference of Catholic Bishops and United States Catholic Conference, it is composed of all active and retired members of the Catholic...
website.