Patrick Huskinson
Encyclopedia
Air Commodore Patrick Huskinson began his military career in the Royal Air Force as a World War I fighter ace
, but later switched to bombers. He became versed enough in armaments that he was appointed Director of Armament Production by Sir Winston Churchill
at the start of World War II. After being invalided from the RAF for blindness, he continued to serve his country as President of the Air Armaments Board and was responsible for designing ever larger bombs for the bombardment of Germany. Eventually, he designed Blockbuster bomb
s as large as ten tons.
before entering RMC Sandhurst as a Gentleman Cadet. Upon graduation, he was commissioned into the Sherwood Foresters
.
in the Royal Flying Corps
on 21 March 1916. The following month, he began piloting a Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2c for 2 Squadron. Shortly thereafter, he won the Military Cross for his determined prosecution of a hazardous bombing mission during the Battle of the Somme; it was gazetted on 27 July 1916. On 19 December 1916, he was appointed a Flight Commander and promoted to Temporary Captain.
On 1 January 1917, he was promoted to Lieutenant. In early 1917, he was withdrawn from combat duty to attend the School of Special Flying at Gosport. He returned to the Western Front
as a Spad VII pilot in 19 Squadron. Beginning on 24 October 1917, and running until 29 December, he ran off a string of seven aerial victories. He then upgraded to a Sopwith Dolphin, and ran off four more wins between 8 and 17 March 1918. The end result was three German planes destroyed and eight driven down out of control.
On 1 April 1918, coincident with the establishment of the Royal Air Force, Huskinson was confirmed as Captain. Once again, he was withdrawn from battle; on 7 May 1918, he became an instructor at the Central Flying School
. The new post carried with it the grade of Major. He served out the rest of the war in this assignment, being variously an Acting or a Temporary Major.
bore the same date.
Circa 1920, he married Ada Marie Dennehy; they honeymooned in the South of France
After some inconsequential assignments, he attended Armament and Gunnery School beginning 23 February 1923. On 19 May 1924, he took up duties as Armament Officer, HQ 10 Group
; on 20 October 1924, he moved to the same job for Coastal Area. On 1 January 1925, he was promoted to Squadron Leader
. Later in 1925, on 21 September, he began a four and a half year stint on the staff of the Directorate of Training; he was responsible for setting up firing and bombing ranges.
After a stint as OC 41 Squadron, he went on foreign assignment on 24 October 1931, on the Armament Staff at HQ Iraq Command. On 1 January 1933, he received another promotion, to Wing Commander
.
Upon his return to Britain, he held a couple of Armament Officer positions beginning 1
April 1933, followed by command of a couple of air stations. On 1 July 1937, he was raised to Group Captain
. On 14 March 1938, he became the RAF representative on the Ordnance Committee.
. In 1940, he also married Molly, his second wife. On 20 September 1940, he was brevetted a Temporary Air Commodore
On 15 April 1941, he was blinded by the blast of a German bomb dropped during The Blitz
. As a result, he was invalided out of the RAF 25 January 1942. However, his expertise and talents were still needed by his country; he was instantly appointed as President of the Air Armaments Board with two personal assistants and a secretary in an office in his home as a sop to his disability. Huskinson himself adapted to his blindness, using a Braille-like method of reading blueprints and drawings. As the war progressed, Huskinson was responsible for production of ever bigger bombs, all the way up to 12,000 and 22,000 pounds. These larger bombs size made transporting them to the airfield difficult. Huskinson designed the large bombs to be transportable in sections and easily assembled just before being loaded into the bomb bay. He also developed rockets, and improved gun turrets on bombers. He also arranged full scale rehearsals for D-Day. He continued in this post through 1945.
He authored an account of his World War II experiences in Vision Ahead, published in 1949.
Patrick Huskinson died at home in Knightsbridge on 24 November 1966.
Military Cross (MC)
2nd Lt. Patrick Huskinson, Notts. and Derby. R. and R.F.C.
For conspicuous gallantry and skill. When attacking the enemy's communications, alone and without an observer, he descended to 800 feet in order to release his bombs on a train and station. He was under continuous fire and his engine and machine were seriously damaged, but he succeeded in flying back at a low altitude and safely landing within our lines. He was again heavily fired at as he crossed the lines.
Military Cross (MC) Bar
Lt. (T./Capt.) Patrick Huskinson, M.C., Notts. and Derby. R., and R.F.C.
For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. During a period of six months he has destroyed two hostile machines and driven down seven others out of control. He has also, during an attack, carried out a ground patrol, flying at a very low altitude, during which he engaged, a company of the enemy with machine-gun fire. On a later occasion, when firing at roads from a low altitude, he received a direct hit from a shell, which carried away a portion of his machine. He, however, regained control, and, landing upside down-in a shell hole full of water, was suspended in the water until nearly drowned. After his rescue, he remained all day working under shell fire until he had salved the engine. He has at all times proved himself to be a very gallant, keen and able pilot.
Flying ace
A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down several enemy aircraft during aerial combat. The actual number of aerial victories required to officially qualify as an "ace" has varied, but is usually considered to be five or more...
, but later switched to bombers. He became versed enough in armaments that he was appointed Director of Armament Production by Sir Winston Churchill
Winston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, was a predominantly Conservative British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the century and served as Prime Minister twice...
at the start of World War II. After being invalided from the RAF for blindness, he continued to serve his country as President of the Air Armaments Board and was responsible for designing ever larger bombs for the bombardment of Germany. Eventually, he designed Blockbuster bomb
Blockbuster bomb
Blockbuster or "cookie" was the name given to several of the largest conventional bombs used in World War II by the Royal Air Force...
s as large as ten tons.
Early life
Patrick Huskinson was born the son of Colonel C. J. Huskinson, who commanded the local Territorial Army Regiment. The younger Huskinson attended Harrow SchoolHarrow School
Harrow School, commonly known simply as "Harrow", is an English independent school for boys situated in the town of Harrow, in north-west London.. The school is of worldwide renown. There is some evidence that there has been a school on the site since 1243 but the Harrow School we know today was...
before entering RMC Sandhurst as a Gentleman Cadet. Upon graduation, he was commissioned into the Sherwood Foresters
Sherwood Foresters
The Sherwood Foresters was formed during the Childers Reforms in 1881 from the amalgamation of the 45th Regiment of Foot and the 95th Regiment of Foot...
.
World War I flying service
After his commissioning as a Second Lieutenant on 20 October 1915, he was seconded from the Sherwood Foresters to aviation training, which included a Ground Gunnery School. Upon completion of training, he was appointed Flying OfficerFlying Officer
Flying officer is a junior commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence...
in the Royal Flying Corps
Royal Flying Corps
The Royal Flying Corps was the over-land air arm of the British military during most of the First World War. During the early part of the war, the RFC's responsibilities were centred on support of the British Army, via artillery co-operation and photographic reconnaissance...
on 21 March 1916. The following month, he began piloting a Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2c for 2 Squadron. Shortly thereafter, he won the Military Cross for his determined prosecution of a hazardous bombing mission during the Battle of the Somme; it was gazetted on 27 July 1916. On 19 December 1916, he was appointed a Flight Commander and promoted to Temporary Captain.
On 1 January 1917, he was promoted to Lieutenant. In early 1917, he was withdrawn from combat duty to attend the School of Special Flying at Gosport. He returned to the Western Front
Western Front (World War I)
Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the German Army opened the Western Front by first invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining military control of important industrial regions in France. The tide of the advance was dramatically turned with the Battle of the Marne...
as a Spad VII pilot in 19 Squadron. Beginning on 24 October 1917, and running until 29 December, he ran off a string of seven aerial victories. He then upgraded to a Sopwith Dolphin, and ran off four more wins between 8 and 17 March 1918. The end result was three German planes destroyed and eight driven down out of control.
On 1 April 1918, coincident with the establishment of the Royal Air Force, Huskinson was confirmed as Captain. Once again, he was withdrawn from battle; on 7 May 1918, he became an instructor at the Central Flying School
Central Flying School
The Central Flying School is the Royal Air Force's primary institution for the training of military flying instructors. Established in 1912 it is the longest existing flying training school.-History:...
. The new post carried with it the grade of Major. He served out the rest of the war in this assignment, being variously an Acting or a Temporary Major.
The lull between World Wars
Huskinson had a couple of short-lived squadron commands beginning 10 December 1918 and extending about a year. On 1 August 1919, he resigned his commission in the Sherwood Foresters and received a permanent commission as a Captain in the RAF. His service as a Flight LieutenantFlight Lieutenant
Flight lieutenant is a junior commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many Commonwealth countries. It ranks above flying officer and immediately below squadron leader. The name of the rank is the complete phrase; it is never shortened to "lieutenant"...
bore the same date.
Circa 1920, he married Ada Marie Dennehy; they honeymooned in the South of France
After some inconsequential assignments, he attended Armament and Gunnery School beginning 23 February 1923. On 19 May 1924, he took up duties as Armament Officer, HQ 10 Group
No. 10 Group RAF
No. 10 Group of the Royal Air Force was formed on 1 April 1918 in No. 2 Area. On 8 May of the next year it was transferred to South-Western Area. In 1919 it was transferred to Coastal Area where it remained until it was disbanded on 18 January 1932....
; on 20 October 1924, he moved to the same job for Coastal Area. On 1 January 1925, he was promoted to Squadron Leader
Squadron Leader
Squadron Leader is a commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many countries which have historical British influence. It is also sometimes used as the English translation of an equivalent rank in countries which have a non-English air force-specific rank structure. In these...
. Later in 1925, on 21 September, he began a four and a half year stint on the staff of the Directorate of Training; he was responsible for setting up firing and bombing ranges.
After a stint as OC 41 Squadron, he went on foreign assignment on 24 October 1931, on the Armament Staff at HQ Iraq Command. On 1 January 1933, he received another promotion, to Wing Commander
Wing Commander (rank)
Wing commander is a commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many other Commonwealth countries...
.
Upon his return to Britain, he held a couple of Armament Officer positions beginning 1
April 1933, followed by command of a couple of air stations. On 1 July 1937, he was raised to Group Captain
Group Captain
Group captain is a senior commissioned rank in the Royal Air Force and the air forces of many other Commonwealth countries. It ranks above wing commander and immediately below air commodore...
. On 14 March 1938, he became the RAF representative on the Ordnance Committee.
World War II
Circa 1939/1940, Huskinson was appointed Director of Armament Production by Sir Winston ChurchillWinston Churchill
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, was a predominantly Conservative British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the century and served as Prime Minister twice...
. In 1940, he also married Molly, his second wife. On 20 September 1940, he was brevetted a Temporary Air Commodore
On 15 April 1941, he was blinded by the blast of a German bomb dropped during The Blitz
The Blitz
The Blitz was the sustained strategic bombing of Britain by Nazi Germany between 7 September 1940 and 10 May 1941, during the Second World War. The city of London was bombed by the Luftwaffe for 76 consecutive nights and many towns and cities across the country followed...
. As a result, he was invalided out of the RAF 25 January 1942. However, his expertise and talents were still needed by his country; he was instantly appointed as President of the Air Armaments Board with two personal assistants and a secretary in an office in his home as a sop to his disability. Huskinson himself adapted to his blindness, using a Braille-like method of reading blueprints and drawings. As the war progressed, Huskinson was responsible for production of ever bigger bombs, all the way up to 12,000 and 22,000 pounds. These larger bombs size made transporting them to the airfield difficult. Huskinson designed the large bombs to be transportable in sections and easily assembled just before being loaded into the bomb bay. He also developed rockets, and improved gun turrets on bombers. He also arranged full scale rehearsals for D-Day. He continued in this post through 1945.
Post World War II
With the end of the war, Huskinson became Chairman of a London printing firm. On 9 October 1945, the United States, which had also used his blockbusters to bomb Germany, awarded Patrick Huskinson the Legion of Merit. He also received the Order of the British Empire from his own grateful government.He authored an account of his World War II experiences in Vision Ahead, published in 1949.
Patrick Huskinson died at home in Knightsbridge on 24 November 1966.
Honors and awards
Awarded Order of British Empire and American Legion of Merit at end of World War II for work on air armaments.Military Cross (MC)
2nd Lt. Patrick Huskinson, Notts. and Derby. R. and R.F.C.
For conspicuous gallantry and skill. When attacking the enemy's communications, alone and without an observer, he descended to 800 feet in order to release his bombs on a train and station. He was under continuous fire and his engine and machine were seriously damaged, but he succeeded in flying back at a low altitude and safely landing within our lines. He was again heavily fired at as he crossed the lines.
Military Cross (MC) Bar
Lt. (T./Capt.) Patrick Huskinson, M.C., Notts. and Derby. R., and R.F.C.
For conspicuous gallantry and devotion to duty. During a period of six months he has destroyed two hostile machines and driven down seven others out of control. He has also, during an attack, carried out a ground patrol, flying at a very low altitude, during which he engaged, a company of the enemy with machine-gun fire. On a later occasion, when firing at roads from a low altitude, he received a direct hit from a shell, which carried away a portion of his machine. He, however, regained control, and, landing upside down-in a shell hole full of water, was suspended in the water until nearly drowned. After his rescue, he remained all day working under shell fire until he had salved the engine. He has at all times proved himself to be a very gallant, keen and able pilot.