Pana, Illinois
Encyclopedia
Pana is a city in Christian County
, Illinois
, United States. The population was 5,847 at the 2010 census.
According to the United States Census Bureau
, the city has a total area of 2.7 square miles (7 km²), all of it land.
, was first known as Stone Coal Precinct when it was founded on June 6, 1845. The name was later changed to Pana Township on September 2, 1856. In 1857, the village of Pana was incorporated. It was at the intersection of east-west and north-south railroads, and had supplies of fuel and water for the steam engines of the railroad.
The name "Pana" is derived from the Native American tribe, the Pawnee. Pawnee became "pani" or "slave" in the French patois or creole
that developed in Illinois. This evolved into "Pana".
Pana was the site of the Pana Coal Strike, an attempt to break or avert the coal mine unions around 1900. It pitted city/township versus county law enforcement, which culminated with a declaration of martial law and the control of Pana by the national guard.
Pana came to be known as the City of Roses, coined by local newsmen, the Jordan Brothers. Because of a weather and geographical anomaly, Pana has very few hail storms, making it ideal for the greenhouse industry; along with its ample supply of coal. Many major florists and growers set up shop here. At one time, there were 109 greenhouses in Pana.
Kitchell Park
, one of the few parks listed in the United States National Register of Historic Places
, is located in Pana and was added to the Register in 1992.
Historian James Loewen identified Pana as a "Sundown town
" (a town in which African Americans were not allowed to reside, named for the common rule that they must leave town by sundown) in his book, Sundown Towns.
of 2000, there were 5,614 people, 2,317 households, and 1,443 families residing in the city. The population density
was 2,101.7 people per square mile (811.8/km²). There were 2,532 housing units at an average density of 947.9 per square mile (366.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 99.09% White, 0.07% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.05% from other races
, and 0.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.50% of the population.
There were 2,317 households out of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.2% were married couples
living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.7% were non-families. 34.7% of all households were made up of individuals living alone and 19.6% of those individuals were 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.97.
In the city the population was spread out with 24.5% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 22.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 86.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $29,611, and the median income for a family was $35,406. Males had a median income of $30,519 versus $18,675 for females. The per capita income
for the city was $14,897. About 11.5% of families and 17.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.7% of those under age 18 and 18.8% of those age 65 or over.
Christian County, Illinois
Christian County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 34,800, which is a decrease of 1.6% from 35,372 in 2000...
, Illinois
Illinois
Illinois is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal,...
, United States. The population was 5,847 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Pana is located at 39°23′14"N 89°4′52"W (39.387136, -89.081186).According to the United States Census Bureau
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...
, the city has a total area of 2.7 square miles (7 km²), all of it land.
History
Pana, Illinois, in Christian CountyChristian County, Illinois
Christian County is a county located in the U.S. state of Illinois. According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 34,800, which is a decrease of 1.6% from 35,372 in 2000...
, was first known as Stone Coal Precinct when it was founded on June 6, 1845. The name was later changed to Pana Township on September 2, 1856. In 1857, the village of Pana was incorporated. It was at the intersection of east-west and north-south railroads, and had supplies of fuel and water for the steam engines of the railroad.
The name "Pana" is derived from the Native American tribe, the Pawnee. Pawnee became "pani" or "slave" in the French patois or creole
Creole language
A creole language, or simply a creole, is a stable natural language developed from the mixing of parent languages; creoles differ from pidgins in that they have been nativized by children as their primary language, making them have features of natural languages that are normally missing from...
that developed in Illinois. This evolved into "Pana".
Pana was the site of the Pana Coal Strike, an attempt to break or avert the coal mine unions around 1900. It pitted city/township versus county law enforcement, which culminated with a declaration of martial law and the control of Pana by the national guard.
Pana came to be known as the City of Roses, coined by local newsmen, the Jordan Brothers. Because of a weather and geographical anomaly, Pana has very few hail storms, making it ideal for the greenhouse industry; along with its ample supply of coal. Many major florists and growers set up shop here. At one time, there were 109 greenhouses in Pana.
Kitchell Park
Kitchell Park
Kitchell Park is one of the few parks listed on the United States National Register of Historic Places. The park is in the city of Pana, Illinois, located in Christian County. A facility, Kitchell is one of the city's main parks. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in...
, one of the few parks listed in the United States National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places
The National Register of Historic Places is the United States government's official list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation...
, is located in Pana and was added to the Register in 1992.
Historian James Loewen identified Pana as a "Sundown town
Sundown town
A sundown town is a town that is or was purposely all-White. The term is widely used in the United States in areas from Ohio to Oregon and well into the South. The term came from signs that were allegedly posted stating that people of color had to leave the town by sundown...
" (a town in which African Americans were not allowed to reside, named for the common rule that they must leave town by sundown) in his book, Sundown Towns.
Events
- Pana Heritage Days
- The Pana Heritage Days are an annual festival that takes place during the last weekend in May. Streets are blocked off and are filled with multiple vendors and fair rides. Live band music is generally provided.
- Labor DayLabor DayLabor Day is a United States federal holiday observed on the first Monday in September that celebrates the economic and social contributions of workers.-History:...
Parade
- Labor Day
- The Pana Labor Day Parade is held annually on labor day, and is attended by up to 15,000 people, the largest in all of Illinois. The 2011 parade featured 343 firemen marching to lead the parade in an honor to the firemen, paramedics, and policemen who died on the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001.
- Tri-County Fair
- The Tri-County Fair is held annually and lasts for six days. The fair begins on the Wednesday before Labor Day and ends on Labor Day. It features many carnival rides, vendors, and games. Average attendance per day is 7,000 persons.
Notable people
- William Henry Nin AlexanderNin Alexander-External links:...
(1858-1933), professional baseball player for the Kansas City Unions and the St. Louis Browns, born in Pana (1858) - Warren AmlingWarren AmlingDr. Warren Eugene Amling was an American football and basketball player, playing for the Ohio State Buckeyes from 1944 to 1946. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1984....
(1924–2001), a football and basketball player, played for Ohio StateOhio State BuckeyesThe Ohio State Buckeyes are the intercollegiate sports teams and players of The Ohio State University, named after the state tree, the Buckeye. The Buckeyes participate in the NCAA's Division I in all sports and the Big Ten Conference in most sports...
, a 1984 College Football Hall of FameCollege Football Hall of FameThe College Football Hall of Fame is a hall of fame and museum devoted to college football. Located in South Bend, Indiana, it is connected to a convention center and situated in the city's renovated downtown district, two miles south of the University of Notre Dame campus. It is slated to move...
inductee, born in Pana (1924). - Thomas Henry CarterThomas Henry CarterThomas Henry Carter was a delegate, a United States Representative, and a U.S. Senator from Montana.-Early life:...
(1854–1911), Senator, grew up in Pana. - John Wesley Fribley (1906–2002), a Democratic member of the Illinois State Senate from 1934-1952.
- Ed CoadyEd CoadyEdmund H. Coady was an American football player and a starting quarterback for the University of Notre Dame, holding the distinction of having presided over the first two wins in Notre Dame football history....
(c. 1867-), football quarterback for the Notre DameNotre Dame Fighting Irish footballNotre Dame Fighting Irish football team is the football team of the University of Notre Dame. The team is currently coached by Brian Kelly.Notre Dame competes as an Independent at the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision level, and is a founding member of the Bowl Championship Series coalition. It is an...
, born in Pana (1867). - Pat CoadyPat CoadyPatrick H. Coady was an American football player and a starting quarterback for the University of Notre Dame....
(1867–1943), football quarterback for the Notre DameNotre Dame Fighting Irish footballNotre Dame Fighting Irish football team is the football team of the University of Notre Dame. The team is currently coached by Brian Kelly.Notre Dame competes as an Independent at the NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision level, and is a founding member of the Bowl Championship Series coalition. It is an...
, born in Pana (1867). - Mike CvengrosMike CvengrosMichael John Cvengros was a Major League Baseball pitcher. He played all or part of six seasons in the majors, between and , for the New York Giants, Chicago White Sox, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Chicago Cubs. After his major league career, he played in the minor leagues until , mostly for the...
(1900–1974), pitcher with the New York GiantsSan Francisco GiantsThe San Francisco Giants are a Major League Baseball team based in San Francisco, California, playing in the National League West Division....
, the Pittsburgh PiratesPittsburgh PiratesThe Pittsburgh Pirates are a Major League Baseball club based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. They play in the Central Division of the National League, and are five-time World Series Champions...
, the Chicago White SoxChicago White SoxThe Chicago White Sox are a Major League Baseball team located in Chicago, Illinois.The White Sox play in the American League's Central Division. Since , the White Sox have played in U.S. Cellular Field, which was originally called New Comiskey Park and nicknamed The Cell by local fans...
, and the Chicago CubsChicago CubsThe Chicago Cubs are a professional baseball team located in Chicago, Illinois. They are members of the Central Division of Major League Baseball's National League. They are one of two Major League clubs based in Chicago . The Cubs are also one of the two remaining charter members of the National...
, born in Pana (1900). - George Dalton (b. 1947), playwright, known for A Smell of Orchids and The Letterbox, born in Pana.
- John DudraJohn DudraJohn Joseph Dudra was a Major League Baseball infielder who played for the Boston Braves in 1941. A native of Assumption, Illinois, the 25-year-old rookie stood 5'11½" and weighed 175 lbs....
(1916–1965), infielder for the Boston BravesAtlanta BravesThe Atlanta Braves are a professional baseball club based in Atlanta, Georgia. The Braves are a member of the Eastern Division of Major League Baseball's National League. The Braves have played in Turner Field since 1997....
, died in Pana (1965). - Garet GarrettGaret GarrettGaret Garrett , born Edward Peter Garrett, was an American journalist and author who was noted for his criticisms of the New Deal and U.S. involvement in the Second World War.-Overview:...
(1878–1954), notable 20th century econo-political commentator and author. - Hector HonoreHector HonoreHector H. Honoré Jr. , was an American racecar driver, mechanic and owner.-Personal history:...
(1905–1983), race car driver and owner, died in Pana on March 3, 1983 and inducted into the National Sprint Car Hall of Fame & MuseumNational Sprint Car Hall of Fame & MuseumThe National Sprint Car Hall of Fame & Museum is a Hall of Fame and museum for sprint car drivers, owners, mechanics, builders, manufacturers, promoters, sanctioning officials and media members....
in 1991. - Jeff KeenerJeff KeenerJeffrey Bruce Keener is a former Major League Baseball player, who appeared as a relief pitcher in two seasons with the National League's St...
(b. 1959), pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals, remembered for his unique "submarine" pitching style. - Dick KleinDick Klein (football player)Richard James Klein is a former American football offensive lineman in the National Football League for the Chicago Bears and the Dallas Cowboys. He also played in the American Football League for the Boston Patriots and the Oakland Raiders...
(b. 1934), All-Star offensive lineman for the Chicago BearsChicago BearsThe Chicago Bears are a professional American football team based in Chicago, Illinois. They are members of the North Division of the National Football Conference in the National Football League...
, the Dallas CowboysDallas CowboysThe Dallas Cowboys are a professional American football franchise which plays in the Eastern Division of the National Football Conference of the National Football League . They are headquartered in Valley Ranch in Irving, Texas, a suburb of Dallas...
, the Boston Patriots, and the Oakland RaidersOakland RaidersThe Oakland Raiders are a professional American football team based in Oakland, California. They currently play in the Western Division of the American Football Conference in the National Football League...
, born in Pana (1934). - Mike KreevichMike KreevichMichael Andreas "Mike" Kreevich was an American Major League Baseball player who was primarily an outfielder during the 1930s and 1940s. He was born in Mount Olive, Illinois, and batted and threw right-handed.-Career:...
(1908–1994), a Major League Baseball outfielder, died in Pana (1994). - Albert MarshAlbert MarshAlbert Leroy Marsh, was an American metallurgist. In 1905 he co-invented the first metallic alloy from which a high-resistance wire could be made that could be used as a durable and safe heating element...
(1877–1944), inventor of chromelChromelChromel is an alloy made of approximately 90 percent nickel and 10 percent chromium that is used to make the positive conductors of ANSI Type E and K thermocouples. It can be used up to 1100 °C in oxidizing atmospheres...
, born in Pana (1877). - Vincent SheeanVincent SheeanVincent Sheean , born James Vincent Sheean, American journalist and novelist, most famous for Personal History...
(1899–1975), war correspondent and author of the book Personal History, was born in Pana on December 5, 1899. - Herb SiegertHerb SiegertHerbert Frank Siegert was an American football guard and linebacker in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins.-College career:...
(1924–2008), former guard for the Washington RedskinsWashington RedskinsThe Washington Redskins are a professional American football team and members of the East Division of the National Football Conference in the National Football League . The team plays at FedExField in Landover, Maryland, while its headquarters and training facility are at Redskin Park in Ashburn,...
, born in Pana (1924).
Demographics
As of the censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
of 2000, there were 5,614 people, 2,317 households, and 1,443 families residing in the city. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...
was 2,101.7 people per square mile (811.8/km²). There were 2,532 housing units at an average density of 947.9 per square mile (366.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 99.09% White, 0.07% African American, 0.14% Native American, 0.25% Asian, 0.05% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...
, and 0.39% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.50% of the population.
There were 2,317 households out of which 28.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.2% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...
living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.7% were non-families. 34.7% of all households were made up of individuals living alone and 19.6% of those individuals were 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.97.
In the city the population was spread out with 24.5% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 21.0% from 45 to 64, and 22.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 86.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $29,611, and the median income for a family was $35,406. Males had a median income of $30,519 versus $18,675 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...
for the city was $14,897. About 11.5% of families and 17.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28.7% of those under age 18 and 18.8% of those age 65 or over.