Ninh Thuan Province
Encyclopedia
Ninh Thuận is a province
in the South Central Coast
region of Vietnam
(sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region).
principality of Panduranga had its center in Ninh Thuan Province, but also included much of what is now Binh Thuan Province
. Panduranga became the political centre of Champa after the fall of Vijaya
in 1471. It remained independent until 1832, when emperor Minh Mang
annexed it.
Ninh Thuan was merged into Binh Thuan Province
in 1976, together with Binh Tuy Province
. Ninh Thuan became a separate province again in 1991.
in that high mountains are located not only near western border to the Central Highlands
, but also near the coast, the highest of which is Chua mountain (núi Chúa) at 1040m in the north-east of the province. Several other peaks with heights up to 643m (Da Bac mountain / núi Đá Bạc in the south) are located along the coast. The highest mountains are located at the borders to Khanh Hoa Province
and Lam Dong Province, with three mountains of over 1600 and the highest at 1652m (Suong Mu mountain, Núi Sương Mù). Only a small part of the province around Phan Rang has elevations of under 50m.
The province's major river is Dinh River, which flows through the main lowland of the province as well as Phan Rang. It has several tributaries in the province and is connected to Don Duong Lake in Lam Dong Province.
As of 2007, 55.7% of the Ninh Thuan's area was covered by forests, making it the most forested province of the South Central Coast
. Forests cover most of Ninh Hai District at the coast in the north-east, most of the north and south-west of the province.
Ninh Thuan is Vietnam's most arid province, with some areas in the province receiving less than 800mm of rain per year.
There are reserves of molybdenum
in the north of the province.
average of 10.8 million VND.
Ninh Thuan has also been the only province in the South Central Coast
with an average annual GDP growth rate of less than 10% from 2000 to 2007 - at 9.4% compared to the region's average of 11.2%. While its industrial growth has been slightly above the region's average at 16.4%, it started from a very low base and therefore contributed little to overall growth. Growth in services has been at 9.8%, significantly below the region's average, while agriculture, forestry and fishing have grown at an average rate of 6.7%, somewhat higher than the average.
The most important cash crop is tobacco
. It is grown on 1300 ha (as of 2007) in the central part of the province west and north-east of Phan Rang with an output of 3300 t, or 10.3% of Vietnam's total output. The province also harvested 200 t in 2007, 1.2% of the national total. Other less significant crops include cashew nuts, sugar-cane, peanuts, and coconuts.
Despite the large forests of the province, there is little commercial use of forest resources. Gross output
of the forestry sector was 23.7 billion VND, accounting for only 1.8% of the South Central Coast
, and therefore even less than Da Nang
City. Much of the province's forests are protected as part of Nui Chua National Park
and Phuoc Binh National Park
.
Ninh Thuan's fishing gross output
was 1138.8 billion VND in 2007, 1.3% of Vietnam's output and therefore more significant in a national context than agriculture. It has grown at an average of 11.7%, far exceeding agricultural growth and making it one of the fastest growing sector's of the economy. As of 2007, there were 589 offshore fishing vessels registered in the province.
total. Industry contributes 1.3 million VND to the GDP per capita, compared to an average of 4.4 million VND for the region.
The province's industrial products are mostly basic processed food and seafood products (frozen aquatic products, fish sauce, shelled cashew nuts) and processed raw materials (stones, bricks, salt).
However, the industrial sector's growth of 16.4% has enabled it to absorb much of Ninh Thuan's labour force growth by increasing industrial employment from 14,900 in 2000 to 43,700 in 2007 - although this employment growth has been overshadowed by the service sector, which created 57,300 additional jobs in the same period despite its slower growth.
run through the province. Ninh Thuan's main railway station is at Thap Cham
. There are also two smaller railway station: Ba Rau (ga Bà Râu) in Thuan Bac District in the north and Ca Na (ga Cà Ná) near the southern border.
Phan Rang is connected to Da Lat by National Road 27 via Ngoan Muc Pass. There used to be a railway
serving the same route, but it has not been in use since the start of the Vietnam War.
Ninh Thuan has three ports:
The nearest commercial airport is Cam Ranh International Airport.
's diversification away from hydro-power. The country's first nuclear power plant is under construction in the south of the province. A second nuclear power project is being prepared with Japanese partners and will also be in Ninh Thuan.
Construction of a 200 MW wind power plant has also started and is planned to be completed by 2012.
after Da Nang
.
Apart from the Kinh
, significant parts of the province's population belong to the Cham and Raglai
ethnic groups. Many of the Cham live near the capital Phan Rang. The Raglai live in more remote parts of the province, such as the Ninh Hải District in the north-east and the mountainous regions in the west.
) and six districts:
Provinces of Vietnam
Vietnam is divided into 58 provinces and five centrally governed cities existing at the same level as provinces ....
in the South Central Coast
Nam Trung Bo
Nam Trung Bộ is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to...
region of Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
(sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region).
History
The ChamChampa
The kingdom of Champa was an Indianized kingdom that controlled what is now southern and central Vietnam from approximately the 7th century through to 1832.The Cham people are remnants...
principality of Panduranga had its center in Ninh Thuan Province, but also included much of what is now Binh Thuan Province
Binh Thuan Province
Bình Thuận is a province of Vietnam. It is located on the country's South Central Coast, not far from Ho Chi Minh City. It is sometimes seen as part of the Southeast Region. Binh Thuan is known for its scenery and for its good beaches...
. Panduranga became the political centre of Champa after the fall of Vijaya
Vijaya (Champa)
Vijaya was a city-state in the ancient kingdom of Champa in what is now south-central Vietnam. It was the capital of Champa for several centuries until it was conquered by Vietnam in 1471.-Geography, Economy, Transport:...
in 1471. It remained independent until 1832, when emperor Minh Mang
Minh Mang
Minh Mạng was the second emperor of the Nguyễn Dynasty of Vietnam, reigning from 14 February 1820 until 20 January 1841. He was a younger son of Emperor Gia Long, whose eldest son, Crown Prince Canh, had died in 1801...
annexed it.
Ninh Thuan was merged into Binh Thuan Province
Binh Thuan Province
Bình Thuận is a province of Vietnam. It is located on the country's South Central Coast, not far from Ho Chi Minh City. It is sometimes seen as part of the Southeast Region. Binh Thuan is known for its scenery and for its good beaches...
in 1976, together with Binh Tuy Province
Binh Tuy Province
Binh Tuy Province was a province of South Vietnam. It now mostly corresponds to the western part of Binh Thuan Province, including Hàm Tân, Hàm Thuận Nam, Tánh Linh, Đức Linh districts and La Gi town....
. Ninh Thuan became a separate province again in 1991.
Geography
Ninh Thuan's topography is typical for the South Central CoastNam Trung Bo
Nam Trung Bộ is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to...
in that high mountains are located not only near western border to the Central Highlands
Tây Nguyên
Tây Nguyên, translated as Western Highlands and sometimes also called Central Highlands, is one of the regions of Vietnam. It contains the provinces of Đắk Lắk, Đắk Nông, Gia Lai, Kon Tum, Lâm Đồng....
, but also near the coast, the highest of which is Chua mountain (núi Chúa) at 1040m in the north-east of the province. Several other peaks with heights up to 643m (Da Bac mountain / núi Đá Bạc in the south) are located along the coast. The highest mountains are located at the borders to Khanh Hoa Province
Khanh Hoa Province
Khánh Hòa is a province of Vietnam, located in the South Central Coast. It has a population of 1,066,300 and spans an area of 5,197 km². Its capital is Nha Trang...
and Lam Dong Province, with three mountains of over 1600 and the highest at 1652m (Suong Mu mountain, Núi Sương Mù). Only a small part of the province around Phan Rang has elevations of under 50m.
The province's major river is Dinh River, which flows through the main lowland of the province as well as Phan Rang. It has several tributaries in the province and is connected to Don Duong Lake in Lam Dong Province.
As of 2007, 55.7% of the Ninh Thuan's area was covered by forests, making it the most forested province of the South Central Coast
Nam Trung Bo
Nam Trung Bộ is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to...
. Forests cover most of Ninh Hai District at the coast in the north-east, most of the north and south-west of the province.
Ninh Thuan is Vietnam's most arid province, with some areas in the province receiving less than 800mm of rain per year.
There are reserves of molybdenum
Molybdenum
Molybdenum , is a Group 6 chemical element with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. The name is from Neo-Latin Molybdaenum, from Ancient Greek , meaning lead, itself proposed as a loanword from Anatolian Luvian and Lydian languages, since its ores were confused with lead ores...
in the north of the province.
Economy
Ninh Thuan is southern Vietnam's poorest and least industrialized province. Nominal per capita GDP was 6.66 million VND in 2007, half of the national average and 56% of the South Central Coast'sNam Trung Bo
Nam Trung Bộ is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to...
average of 10.8 million VND.
Ninh Thuan has also been the only province in the South Central Coast
Nam Trung Bo
Nam Trung Bộ is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to...
with an average annual GDP growth rate of less than 10% from 2000 to 2007 - at 9.4% compared to the region's average of 11.2%. While its industrial growth has been slightly above the region's average at 16.4%, it started from a very low base and therefore contributed little to overall growth. Growth in services has been at 9.8%, significantly below the region's average, while agriculture, forestry and fishing have grown at an average rate of 6.7%, somewhat higher than the average.
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing
Ninh Thuan's agriculture is mostly based on rice. 33,400 ha out of a total of 70,000 ha were used for the cultivation of rice, followed by maize with 14,200 ha. 173,200 t of rice and 36,300 t of maize were harvested in 2007, accounting for 0.5% and 0.9% of national output.The most important cash crop is tobacco
Tobacco
Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. It can be consumed, used as a pesticide and, in the form of nicotine tartrate, used in some medicines...
. It is grown on 1300 ha (as of 2007) in the central part of the province west and north-east of Phan Rang with an output of 3300 t, or 10.3% of Vietnam's total output. The province also harvested 200 t in 2007, 1.2% of the national total. Other less significant crops include cashew nuts, sugar-cane, peanuts, and coconuts.
Despite the large forests of the province, there is little commercial use of forest resources. Gross output
Gross Output
Gross output is an economic concept used in national accounts such as the United Nations System of National Accounts and the US National Income and Product Accounts...
of the forestry sector was 23.7 billion VND, accounting for only 1.8% of the South Central Coast
Nam Trung Bo
Nam Trung Bộ is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to...
, and therefore even less than Da Nang
Da Nang
Đà Nẵng , occasionally Danang, is a major port city in the South Central Coast of Vietnam, on the coast of the South China Sea at the mouth of the Han River. It is the commercial and educational center of Central Vietnam; its well-sheltered, easily accessible port and its location on the path of...
City. Much of the province's forests are protected as part of Nui Chua National Park
Nui Chua National Park
Nui Chua National Park is a national park in the province of Ninh Thuận Province, on the border with Khanh Hoa Province, Nam Trung Bo, Vietnam.....
and Phuoc Binh National Park
Phuoc Binh National Park
Phuoc Binh National Park is a national park in the commune of Phước Bình, rural district of Bác Ái, province of Ninh Thuận. It is located 62 km north-west from Phan Rang town, the capital of Ninh Thuan province, on the border with Lam Dong and Khanh Hoa provinces...
.
Ninh Thuan's fishing gross output
Gross Output
Gross output is an economic concept used in national accounts such as the United Nations System of National Accounts and the US National Income and Product Accounts...
was 1138.8 billion VND in 2007, 1.3% of Vietnam's output and therefore more significant in a national context than agriculture. It has grown at an average of 11.7%, far exceeding agricultural growth and making it one of the fastest growing sector's of the economy. As of 2007, there were 589 offshore fishing vessels registered in the province.
Industry
Ninh Thuan has a very small industrial sector, with a gross output accounting for only 2% of the South Central Coast'sNam Trung Bo
Nam Trung Bộ is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to...
total. Industry contributes 1.3 million VND to the GDP per capita, compared to an average of 4.4 million VND for the region.
The province's industrial products are mostly basic processed food and seafood products (frozen aquatic products, fish sauce, shelled cashew nuts) and processed raw materials (stones, bricks, salt).
However, the industrial sector's growth of 16.4% has enabled it to absorb much of Ninh Thuan's labour force growth by increasing industrial employment from 14,900 in 2000 to 43,700 in 2007 - although this employment growth has been overshadowed by the service sector, which created 57,300 additional jobs in the same period despite its slower growth.
Transport
Ninh Thuan is located along Vietnam's main north-south corridors. National Road 1A as well as the North-South RailwayNorth-South Railway, Vietnam
The Vietnam North-South Railway, also known as the Reunification Express, is a railway that runs from Ha Noi to Ho Chi Minh City. The total length of this railway is , with a gauge of metre gauge...
run through the province. Ninh Thuan's main railway station is at Thap Cham
Thap Cham Railway Station
Thap Cham Railway Station is a railway station on the North-South Railway line in Vietnam. It serves the city of Phan Rang-Tháp Chàm in Ninh Thuận Province.-References:...
. There are also two smaller railway station: Ba Rau (ga Bà Râu) in Thuan Bac District in the north and Ca Na (ga Cà Ná) near the southern border.
Phan Rang is connected to Da Lat by National Road 27 via Ngoan Muc Pass. There used to be a railway
Da Lat–Thap Cham Railway
The Da Lat–Thap Cham Railway or Da Lat-Phan Rang Railway was an rack railway connecting the city of Da Lat to the main North-South Railway at Thap Cham in Ninh Thuan Province. It was established by the French administration of Indochina in 1932 after thirty years of construction in phases,...
serving the same route, but it has not been in use since the start of the Vietnam War.
Ninh Thuan has three ports:
- at Vinh Hy in northern Ninh Hai District
- Ninh Chu Port in southern Ninh Hai District near Phan Rang
- Ca Na Port in the south of the province
The nearest commercial airport is Cam Ranh International Airport.
Energy
Da Nhim hydro-power plant is located in Ninh Son District in the north-west of Ninh Thuan. Ninh Thuan has been chosen as the site for some of Vietnam's future electricity projects that are part of EVNEVN
EVN may refer to:* European VLBI Network, an array of European-centric radio telescopes.* Zvartnots International Airport, IATA airport code* Escape Velocity Nova, the third installment of the Escape Velocity computer game series....
's diversification away from hydro-power. The country's first nuclear power plant is under construction in the south of the province. A second nuclear power project is being prepared with Japanese partners and will also be in Ninh Thuan.
Construction of a 200 MW wind power plant has also started and is planned to be completed by 2012.
Demography
Ninh Thuan had a population of 565,700 in 2009. Its urban population was 185,700 or 32.3% in 2007, a rapid increase from the 123,700 seven years ago. The urban population grew by an average 6% from 2000 to 2007, while the rural population actually had slightly negative growth. Overall population growth averaged 1.5%, which is the second highest in the South Central CoastNam Trung Bo
Nam Trung Bộ is one of the regions of Vietnam. It consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces. The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region.The region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to...
after Da Nang
Da Nang
Đà Nẵng , occasionally Danang, is a major port city in the South Central Coast of Vietnam, on the coast of the South China Sea at the mouth of the Han River. It is the commercial and educational center of Central Vietnam; its well-sheltered, easily accessible port and its location on the path of...
.
Apart from the Kinh
Vietnamese people
The Vietnamese people are an ethnic group originating from present-day northern Vietnam and southern China. They are the majority ethnic group of Vietnam, comprising 86% of the population as of the 1999 census, and are officially known as Kinh to distinguish them from other ethnic groups in Vietnam...
, significant parts of the province's population belong to the Cham and Raglai
Raglai people
The Raglai are an ethnic group of Vietnam. They are related to the Cham, with a population of approximately 97,000...
ethnic groups. Many of the Cham live near the capital Phan Rang. The Raglai live in more remote parts of the province, such as the Ninh Hải District in the north-east and the mountainous regions in the west.
Administrative divisions
The province has one city (Phan Rang-Tháp ChàmPhan Rang-Tháp Chàm
Phan Rang-Tháp Chàm, also called Panduranga, is a new city in Vietnam and the capital of Ninh Thuan province. The community has a population of 161,000 , of which 91,000 live in the main city....
) and six districts:
- Bác Ái
- Ninh Hải
- Ninh Phước
- Ninh Sơn
- Thuận Bắc
- Thuận NamThuận Nam DistrictThuận Nam is a district of Ninh Thuan Province in the Southeastern region of Vietnam.It was established on 10 June 2009 following Resolution 26/NQ-CP of the government of Vietnam on land that was previously part of Ninh Phước District....