Nicholas Annenkov
Encyclopedia
General Nicholas Nikolaievich Annenkov (Николай Николаевич Анненков)(Dec. 1799 in Nizhny Novgorod – Nov. 26, 1865 in St. Petersburg, Russia) was an influential Russian General of the Infantry, Governor-General of Kiev
and Bessarabia
, and member of the State Privy Council. He was the brother of prominent Russian poet, Varvara Annenkova
.
, Nicholas Annenkov was the son of Colonel Nicholas Nikanorovich Annenkov (1764–1839). After briefly attending Moscow University, he joined the Army to fight against Napoleon, thereby beginning a military career that would last the rest of his life. By his mid-20s he was appointed Aide-de-Camp to Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich of Russia and promoted to Colonel of the Infantry. During the Turkish Campaign of 1828, Annenkov distinguished himself and was awarded the Order of St. Anna
.
in Poland, Annenkov served as Chief of Staff to General Baron Fabian Gottlieb von Osten-Sacken. During one attack, Annenkov routed an entire enemy division and captured 1,200 combatants. He was awarded the St George's Cross
(4th Class) and appointed to Tsar Nicholas I’s personal suite.
Owing to his military successes, in 1844 Nicholas Annenkov was promoted to Adjutant General of the Infantry. On November 3, 1848, he was made a member of the State Council.
. His actions during the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855) and the bombardment of Odessa
resulted in further decorations: the silver medal and the light-bronze medal.
From 1856 to 1862 Annenkov served as State Comptroller of the Imperial Court. In 1861 Tsar Alexander II of Russia promoted him to Full General, Order of St. Vladimir
. His final posting, from 1862 to 1865, was as Governor-General of Kiev and the western provinces; however, illness cut short his service, and he retired to Nice, France, for recuperation. As a final duty to the state, General Annenkov accompanied the body of Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsarevich of Russia, back to Russia. Even though Annenkov rejoined the State Council upon returning, he died shortly thereafter.
Until their marriages, General Annenkov's daughters served as ladies-in-waiting to Empress Maria Alexandrovna
.
Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
and Bessarabia
Bessarabia
Bessarabia is a historical term for the geographic region in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the east and the Prut River on the west....
, and member of the State Privy Council. He was the brother of prominent Russian poet, Varvara Annenkova
Varvara Annenkova
Varvara Nikolaevna Annenkova was a prominent Russian poet and member of the nobility of Nizhny Novgorod. Her work was influenced by close friend and mentor, poet Mikhail Lermontov.-Selected works:*For the chosen few 1844...
.
1799–1830
Born into great wealth as a member of the nobility of Nizhny NovgorodNizhny Novgorod
Nizhny Novgorod , colloquially shortened to Nizhny, is, with the population of 1,250,615, the fifth largest city in Russia, ranking after Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, and Yekaterinburg...
, Nicholas Annenkov was the son of Colonel Nicholas Nikanorovich Annenkov (1764–1839). After briefly attending Moscow University, he joined the Army to fight against Napoleon, thereby beginning a military career that would last the rest of his life. By his mid-20s he was appointed Aide-de-Camp to Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich of Russia and promoted to Colonel of the Infantry. During the Turkish Campaign of 1828, Annenkov distinguished himself and was awarded the Order of St. Anna
Order of St. Anna
The Order of St. Anna ) is a Holstein and then Russian Imperial order of chivalry established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp on 14 February 1735, in honour of his wife Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great of Russia...
.
1831–1850
During the 1831 November UprisingNovember Uprising
The November Uprising , Polish–Russian War 1830–31 also known as the Cadet Revolution, was an armed rebellion in the heartland of partitioned Poland against the Russian Empire. The uprising began on 29 November 1830 in Warsaw when the young Polish officers from the local Army of the Congress...
in Poland, Annenkov served as Chief of Staff to General Baron Fabian Gottlieb von Osten-Sacken. During one attack, Annenkov routed an entire enemy division and captured 1,200 combatants. He was awarded the St George's Cross
St George's Cross
St George's Cross is a red cross on a white background used as a symbolic reference to Saint George. The red cross on white was associated with St George from medieval times....
(4th Class) and appointed to Tsar Nicholas I’s personal suite.
Owing to his military successes, in 1844 Nicholas Annenkov was promoted to Adjutant General of the Infantry. On November 3, 1848, he was made a member of the State Council.
1851–1865
In 1854 General Annenkov was appointed Interim Governor-General of New Russia and Bessarabia, a posting that coincided with the Crimean WarCrimean War
The Crimean War was a conflict fought between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the French Empire, the British Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Sardinia. The war was part of a long-running contest between the major European powers for influence over territories of the declining...
. His actions during the Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855) and the bombardment of Odessa
Odessa
Odessa or Odesa is the administrative center of the Odessa Oblast located in southern Ukraine. The city is a major seaport located on the northwest shore of the Black Sea and the fourth largest city in Ukraine with a population of 1,029,000 .The predecessor of Odessa, a small Tatar settlement,...
resulted in further decorations: the silver medal and the light-bronze medal.
From 1856 to 1862 Annenkov served as State Comptroller of the Imperial Court. In 1861 Tsar Alexander II of Russia promoted him to Full General, Order of St. Vladimir
Order of St. Vladimir
The Cross of Saint Vladimir was an Imperial Russian Order established in 1782 by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptizer of the Kievan Rus....
. His final posting, from 1862 to 1865, was as Governor-General of Kiev and the western provinces; however, illness cut short his service, and he retired to Nice, France, for recuperation. As a final duty to the state, General Annenkov accompanied the body of Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsarevich of Russia, back to Russia. Even though Annenkov rejoined the State Council upon returning, he died shortly thereafter.
Family
General Nicholas Annenkov was married to Vera Ivanova Bukharina (1813–1902), daughter of Ivan Bukharin (1772–1858), Governor-General of Kiev (1820–22). They had five children:- 1) General Mikhail Annenkov (1835–1899)
- 2) Elena (1837–1904), married to Major General Ioasaf Arkadievich Nelidov, great-grandson of Empress Catherine the Great;
- 3) Elizabeth (1840–1886), married to Viktor, prince Galitzine, Master of the Horses for the Imperial Household. His brother Alexei, prince Galitzine, was an early lover and friend of Tchaikovsky;
- 3a) Viktor, prince GalitzineGalitzineFor Orthodox clergyman and theologian, see Alexander Golitzin.The Galitzines are one of the largest and noblest princely houses of Russia. Since the extinction of the Korecki family in the 17th century, the Golitsyns have claimed dynastic seniority in the House of Gediminas...
(1860–77) - 3b) Vera, princess Galitzine
- 3a) Viktor, prince Galitzine
- 4) Maria (1844–1889), married to Karl de StruveKarl de StruveKarl von Struve was a Russian nobleman and politician. He served, in turn, as Russian Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Japan, the United States, and The Netherlands....
, diplomat and Imperial Privy Councilor- 4a) Boris de Struve
- 4b) Olga de Struve
- 4c) Vera de Struve
- 4d) Elena de Struve
- 4e) Maria de Struve
- 5) Alexandra (1849–1914), married Vicomte Melchior de VogüéMelchior de VogüéEugène-Melchior, vicomte de Vogüé was a French diplomat, Orientalist, travel writer, archaeologist, philanthropist and literary critic.-Biography:...
- 5a) Comte Henry de Vogüé
- 5b) Comte Raymond de Vogüé
- 5c) Comte Felix de Vogüé
Until their marriages, General Annenkov's daughters served as ladies-in-waiting to Empress Maria Alexandrovna
Maria Alexandrovna
Maria Alexandrovna may refer to:* Maria Alexandrovna , princess of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and Empress consort of Tsar Alexander II of Russia...
.