The
Galitzines, more correctly the
Golitsyns , are one of the largest and noblest
princePrince, from French "Prince" , is a general term for a monarch, for a member of a monarchs' or former monarch's family, and is a hereditary title in some members of Europe's highest nobility...
ly houses of
RussiaRussia , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia . It is a semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. Among many alternate spellings are Galitzin(a), Galytzin(a), and Galitsin(a). Since the extinction of the Korecki family in the 17th century, the Galitzines have claimed dynastic seniority in the
House of GediminasThe Gediminas were a dynasty of monarchs of the medieval Lithuania that reigned from the 14th to the 16th century. They were rulers of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which realm chiefly meant that of Lithuanians and Ruthenians, this area being at least half-Slavic. One branch of this dynasty, known...
.
Origins
The family descends from Yuriy Patrikeevich, a
LithuaniaLithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of...
n prince who emigrated to the court of
Vasily IVasiliy I Dmitriyevich , was Grand Prince of Moscow from 1389.He was the oldest son of Dmitri Donskoi and Grand Princess Eudoxia, daughter of the Grand Prince Dmitry Konstantinovich of Nizhny Novgorod.-Domestic policy:Basil I continued the process of unification of the Russian lands: in 1392, he...
and married his sister. His children and grandchildren, such as
Vassian PatrikeyevVassian Patrikeyev, also known as Vassian Kosoy was a Russian ecclesiastic and political figure and writer...
, were considered premier Russian boyars. One of them, Prince Mikhail Bulgakov, was nicknamed
Galitsa for an iron glove he wore in the
Battle of OrshaThe Battle of Orsha took place September 8, 1514, fought by the allied forces of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Kingdom of Poland , under the command of Hetman Konstanty Ostrogski, and the army of Grand Duchy of Moscow under Konyushy Ivan Chelyadnin and Kniaz Mikhail Golitsin...
(1514). His great grandson Prince Vasily Galitzine (+1619) was active during the
Time of TroublesThe Time of Troubles was a period of Russian history comprising the years of interregnum between the death of the last Russian Tsar Feodor Ivanovich of the Rurik Dynasty in 1598 and the establishment of the Romanov Dynasty in 1613...
and went as an ambassador to
PolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe . Poland is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
to offer the Russian crown to Prince Wladislaw.
Vasily Vasilievich Galitzine
Prince
Vasily Vasilievich (1643–1714) was probably the greatest Russian statesman of the 17th century. He spent his early days at the court of Tsar Alexius where he gradually rose to the rank of
boyarA boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Moscovian, Kievan Rusian, Bulgarian, Wallachian, and Moldavian aristocracies, second only to the ruling princes , from the 10th century through the 17th century.The rank has lived on as a surname in Russia and Finland, where it is...
. In 1676 he was sent to
UkraineUkraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south. The city of Kiev is both the capital and the largest city of...
to keep in order the
Crimean TatarsCrimean Tatars or Crimeans are a Turkic ethnic group originally residing in Crimea. They speak the Crimean Tatar language...
and took part in the Chigirin campaign. Personal experience of the inconveniences and dangers of the prevailing system of preferment; the so-called
mestnichestvoIn Russian history, Mestnichesvo was a feudal hierarchical system in Russia from 15th till the 17th century. The name comes from "Место" in Russian...
, or rank priority, which had paralysed the Russian armies for centuries, induced him to propose its abolition, which was accomplished by Tsar
Feodor IIIFeodor III Alexeevich of Russia was the Tsar of all Russia between 1676 and 1682....
in 1678.
The May revolution of 1682 placed Galitzine at the head of the Posolsky Prikaz, or ministry of foreign affairs, and during the regency of
SophiaSophia Alekseyevna was a regent of Russia who allied herself with a singularly capable courtier and politician, Prince Vasily Galitzine, to install herself as a regent during the minority of her brothers, Peter I and Ivan V...
, sister of
Peter the GreatPeter I the Great or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov ruled Russia and later the Russian Empire from until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his weak and sickly half-brother, Ivan V....
, whose intimate friend he became, he was the principal minister of state (1682–1689) and keeper of the great seal, a title bestowed upon only two Russians before him,
Afanasy Ordin-NashchokinAfanasy Lavrentievich Ordin-Naschokin was one of the greatest Russian statesmen of the 17th century. His career is quite unprecedented in Russian history, as he was the first petty noble to attain the boyar title and highest offices of state owing not to family connections but due to his personal...
and
Artamon MatveevArtamon Sergeyevich Matveyev was a Russian statesman, diplomat and reformer.Due to the fact that his father - Sergey Matveyev - was a notable diplomat, Artamon Matveyev was brought up at the royal court since the age of thirteen, where he would become close friends with Alexius I...
. In home affairs his influence was insignificant, but his foreign policy was distinguished by the
Treaty of NerchinskThe Treaty of Nerchinsk was the first treaty between Russia and the Qing Empire.-Context:...
(1689), which set the Russo-Chinese border north of the Amur River, and by the peace with Poland (1683), whereby Russia at last recovered
KievKiev or Kyiv , is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300...
. By the terms of the same treaty, he acceded to the grand league against the
PorteThe Sublime Porte is a synecdoche for the Ottoman Empire, by reference to the High Gate of the Divan .- Terminology :...
, but his two expeditions against the
CrimeaCrimea or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea is the only autonomous republic of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name.The territory of Crimea was conquered and controlled many times throughout its history...
(
Crimean campaignsCrimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689 were two military campaigns of the Russian army against the Crimean Khanate. They were a part of the Russo-Turkish War and Russo-Crimean Wars. These were the first Russian forces to come close to Crimea since 1569...
of 1687 and 1689) were unsuccessful and made him extremely unpopular.
Only with the utmost difficulty could Sophia get the young tsar Peter to decorate the defeated
commander-in-chiefA commander-in-chief is the commander of a nation's military forces or significant element of those forces. In the latter case, the force element may be defined as those forces within a particular region or those forces which are associated by function. As a practical term it refers to the...
as if he had returned a victor. In the civil war between Sophia and Peter (August-September 1689), Galitzine half-heartedly supported his mistress and shared her ruin. His life was spared owing to the supplications of his cousin Boris, but he was deprived of his boyardom, his estates were confiscated and he was banished successively to
KargopolKargopol is a town in and the administrative center of Kargopolsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It is situated on both sides of the Onega River several miles north of Lake Lacha...
,
MezenMezen is a town in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, located near the point where the Mezen River flows into the White Sea. Population: It is served by Mezen Airport.-See also:*Ivan and Ondriyan, an 1857 epitaph of two fishermen from Mezen...
and
KholmogoryKholmogory is a historic village and the administrative center of Kholmogorsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on the left bank of the Northern Dvina, along the Kholmogory Highway, 75 km southeast of Arkhangelsk and 90 km north of the Antonievo-Siysky Monastery. The name...
, where he died on 21 April, 1714.
Galitzine was unusually well educated. He was a great friend of foreigners, who generally alluded to him as the great Galitzine. He expounded to them some drastic reform measures, such as the abolition of serfdom, the promotion of religious toleration, and the development of industrial enterprises. As Galitzine was eager to avoid all forms of violence and repression, his program was more cautious and realistic than that of Peter the Great. Political upheavals prevented him from executing any of these plans.
Boris Alexeevich Galitzine
Vasily's political adversary was his cousin
Prince Boris Alexeevich (1654–1714), a court
ChamberlainA chamberlain is an officer in charge of managing a household. In many countries there are ceremonial posts associated with the household of the sovereign....
since 1676. He was the young tsar Peter's chief supporter when, in 1689, Peter resisted the usurpations of his elder sister
SophiaSophia Alekseyevna was a regent of Russia who allied herself with a singularly capable courtier and politician, Prince Vasily Galitzine, to install herself as a regent during the minority of her brothers, Peter I and Ivan V...
, and the head of the loyal council which assembled at the
Trinity monasteryThe Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius is the most important Russian monastery and the spiritual centre of the Russian Orthodox Church. The monastery is situated in the town of Sergiyev Posad, about 90 km to the north-east from Moscow by the road leading to Yaroslavl, and currently is home to...
during the crisis of the struggle. It was Galitzine who suggested taking refuge in that strong fortress and won over the boyars of the opposite party.
In 1690 he was created a
boyarA boyar or bolyar was a member of the highest rank of the feudal Moscovian, Kievan Rusian, Bulgarian, Wallachian, and Moldavian aristocracies, second only to the ruling princes , from the 10th century through the 17th century.The rank has lived on as a surname in Russia and Finland, where it is...
and shared with Lev
NaryshkinNaryshkin is a Russian surname and may refer to:* Members of Moscow boyar family, including Natalia Naryshkina, the mother of Peter the Great, and her father, Kirill Poluektovich Naryshkin.* Sergey Naryshkin , a politician...
, Peter's uncle, the conduct of home affairs. After the death of the tsaritsa Natalia, Peter's mother, in 1694, his influence increased still further. He accompanied Peter to the
White SeaThe White Sea is an inlet of the Barents Sea on the northwest coast of Russia. It is surrounded by Karelia to the west, the Kola peninsula to the north, and the Kanin Peninsula to the northeast....
(1694–1695); took part in the
Azov campaignAzov campaigns of 1695-1696 , two Russian military campaigns during the Russo-Turkish War of 1686-1700, led by Peter the Great and aimed at capturing the Turkish fortress of Azov , which had been blocking Russia's access to the Azov Sea and the Black Sea...
(1695); and was one of the triumvirat who ruled Russia during Peters first foreign tour (1697–1698). The Astrakhan rebellion (1706), which affected all the districts under his government, shook Peter's confidence in him, and seriously impaired his position. In 1707 he was superseded in the Volgan provinces by Andrei Matveev. A year before his death he entered a monastery.
Galitzine was a typical representative of Russian society of the end of the 17th century leaning towards
WesternismThe Western world, also known as the West and the Occident , is a term that can have multiple meanings depending on its context...
. In many respects he was far in advance of his age. He was highly educated, spoke
LatinLatin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Roman conquest, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe...
with graceful fluency, frequented the society of scholars and had his children carefully educated according to the best European models. Yet this eminent, this superior personage was an habitual drunkard, an uncouth savage who intruded upon the hospitality of wealthy foreigners, and was not ashamed to seize upon any dish he took a fancy to, and send it home to his wife. It was his reckless drunkenness which ultimately ruined him in the estimation of Peter the Great, despite his previous inestimable services.
Dmitriy Mikhailovich Galitzine
The Great Galitzine had another cousin, Prince Dmitriy Mikhailovich (1665–1737), noted for his noble attempt to turn Russia into a
constitutional monarchyA constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a monarch acts as head of state within the parameters of a written , unwritten or blended constitution...
. He was sent by Peter the Great in 1697 to Italy to learn military affairs; in 1704 he was appointed to the command of an auxiliary corps in Poland against
Charles XIICharles XII was the King of Sweden from 1697 to 1718....
; from 1711 to 1718 he was governor of
BelgorodBelgorod is a city in western Russia, situated on the Seversky Donets river just 40 km north from the Ukrainian border, at . It is the administrative center of Belgorod Oblast. Population: 337,030...
. In 1718 he was appointed president of the newly erected
Commerce CollegiumThe collegia were government departments in Imperial Russia, established in 1717 by Peter the Great. The departments were housed in the Twelve Collegia building in Saint Petersburg.Originally nine were established:*Collegium of Commerce...
and a senator. In May 1723 he was implicated in the disgrace of the vice-chancellor Shafirov and was deprived of all his offices and dignities, which he only recovered through the mediation of the empress.
After the death of Peter the Great, Galitzine became the recognized head of the old Conservative party which had never forgiven Peter for putting away
EudoxiaTsarina Evdokiya Feodorovna Lopukhina was the first wife of Peter I of Russia. They married in 1689 but divorced in 1698...
and marrying the plebeian
Martha SkavronskayaCatherine I , the second wife of Peter the Great, reigned as Empress of Russia from 1725 until her death.-Lowly origins:...
. But the reformers, as represented by Alexander Menshikov and Peter Tolstoi, prevailed; and Galitzine remained in the background till the fall of Menshikov, 1727. During the last years of
Peter IIPyotr II Alekseyevich was Emperor of Russia from 1727 until his death. He was the only son of Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich, son of Peter I of Russia by his first wife Eudoxia Lopukhina, and Princess Charlotte, daughter of Duke Louis Rudolph of Brunswick-Lüneburg and sister-in-law of Charles VI,...
(1728–1730), Galitzine was the most prominent statesman in Russia and his high
aristocraticAristocracy is a form of government, in which a few of the most prominent citizens rule. This may be a hereditary elite, or it may be by a system of cooption where a council of prominent citizens add leading soldiers, merchants, land owners, priests, and lawyers to their number...
theories had full play.
On the death of Peter II he conceived the idea of limiting the
autocracyA autocracy is a form of government in which the political power is held by a self-appointed ruler. The term autocrat is derived from the word autokratōr...
by subordinating it to the authority of the
Supreme privy councilThe Supreme Privy Council of Imperial Russia was founded on 8 February 1726 as a body of advisors to Catherine I.Originally, the council included six members — Alexander Menshikov, Fyodor Apraksin, Gavrila Golovkin, Andrey Osterman, Peter Tolstoy, and Dmitry Galitzine. Several months later,...
, of which he was president. He drew up a form of constitution which
Anna of CourlandAnna Ivanovna reigned as Duchess of Courland from 1711 to 1730 and as Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740.-Accession to the throne:Anna was the daughter of Ivan V of Russia, as well as the niece of Peter the Great...
, the newly elected Russian empress, was forced to sign at
MittauJelgava is a city in central Latvia about 41 km southwest of Riga with 66,087 inhabitants . It is the largest town in Semigallia. Jelgava is known as the former capital of the Duchy of Courland, and was the capital of the Courland region until 1919.Jelgava is situated on a fertile plain...
before being permitted to proceed to St Petersburg. Anna lost no time in repudiating this constitution, and never forgave its authors.
Galitzine was left in peace, however, and lived for the most part in retirement, till 1736, when he was arrested on suspicion of being concerned in the
conspiracyIn a political sense, conspiracy refers to a group of persons united in the goal of usurping or overthrowing an established political power. Typically, the final goal is to gain power through a revolutionary coup d'état or through assassination....
of his son-in-law Prince Constantine Cantimir. This, however, was a mere pretext, it was for his anti-monarchical sentiments that he was really prosecuted. A court, largely composed of his antagonists, condemned him to death, but the empress reduced the sentence to lifelong imprisonment in Schlisselburg and
confiscationConfiscation, from the Latin confiscatio 'joining to the fiscus, i.e. transfer to the treasury' is a legal seizure without compensation by a government or other public authority...
of all his estates. He died in his prison on the 14th of April 1737, after three months of confinement.
Other notable Galitzines
Dmitriy's brother
Mikhail (1674–1730) was a celebrated soldier, who is best known for his governorship of
FinlandFinland , officially the Republic of Finland
, is a Nordic country and democracy situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. It borders Sweden on the west, Russia on the east, and Norway on the north, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland...
(1714–1721), where his harsh rule is remembered by the people he had conquered as the
Greater WrathThe Greater Wrath is a term used in Finnish history for the Russian invasion and subsequent military occupation from 1714 until the treaty of Nystad 1721, which ended the Great Northern War, although sometimes the term is used to denote all of the Great Northern War.In the war there were Finnish...
(Swedish:
Stora ofreden).
Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn (1684-1764) was general admiral of the Russian fleet (1756)
Another
Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn (1675-1730) was Russian general fieldmarshall.
And Mikhail's son
Aleksandr Mikhailovich (1718–1783) was a diplomat and soldier, who likewise rose to be field-marshal and governor of St Petersburg.
Another son of Mikhail's,
Dmitriy Mikhailovich (1721–1793), was the Russian ambassador in
ViennaVienna is the capital of the Republic of Austria and also one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.7 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre. It is the 10th largest city by...
during the reign of Catherine the Great. Primarily remembered for the splendid Galitzine Hospital he opened in Moscow, he should also be noted as a great friend and patron of Mozart.
Another Aleksandr Mikhailovich Galitsyn (1723-1804) son of general admiral Mikhail Mikhailovich Galtsyn was
Prince
Dmitry Dmitrievich GalitzineDemetrius Augustine Gallitzin was an emigre Russian aristocrat and Catholic priest known as The Apostle of the Alleghenies. Since 2005, he has been under investigation for possible Canonization by the Catholic Church...
(1770–1840), also known as the
Apostle of the Alleghanies, was the first Roman Catholic priest ordained in America; a settlement in
PennsylvaniaThe Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , often colloquially referred to as PA by natives and Northeasterners, is a state located in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States...
is named after him. He is currently under investigation for possible Sainthood, his current title is
Servant of GodServant of God is a title given to individuals who are members of different religions, but in general usage the phrase "servant of God" is used as a description of a person believed to be pious in his or her faith tradition. In early Christianity, as is still the case in the Eastern Orthodox...
.
Prince
Dmitriy VladimirovichSerene Prince Dmitriy Vladimirovich Golitsyn was a Russian cavalry General prominent during the Napoleonic Wars, statesman and military writer....
(1771–1844) fought bravely during the Napoleonic wars, was promoted to the rank of
Lieutenant GeneralLieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the second in command on the battlefield, who was normally subordinate to a Captain General....
and governed
MoscowMoscow is the capital and the largest city of Russia. It is also the largest metropolitan area in Europe, and ranks among the largest urban areas in the world. Moscow is a major political, economic, cultural, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the world, a...
for 25 years.
Prince
Alexander Nikolaevich (1773–1844) was a reactionary minister of education in the government of
Alexander IAlexander I of Russia , also known as Alexander the Blessed served as Emperor of Russia from 23 March 1801 to 1 December 1825 and Ruler of Poland from 1815 to 1825, as well as the first Russian Grand Duke of Finland and Lithuania.He was born in Saint Petersburg to Grand Duke Paul Petrovich, later...
. He headed an investigation into masonic involvement in the Decembrist uprising of 1825 and served as the Chairman of
the State CouncilThe State Council was the supreme state advisory body to the Tsar in Imperial Russia.- 18th century :Early Tsar's Councils were small and dealt primarily with the external politics....
from 1838 to 1841.
Prince
Nikolai Borisovich (1794–1866) was an amateur cellist who commissioned
BeethovenLudwig van Beethoven was a German composer and pianist. He was a crucial figure in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music, and remains one of the most acclaimed and influential composers of all time.Born in Bonn, of the Electorate of Cologne and...
to write his last string quartets, sometimes called the
Galitzin quartetsThe following set is generally referred to as Beethoven's Late String Quartets, including the Grosse Fuge :*Opus 127: String Quartet No. 12 in E flat major...
.
Prince
Aleksey Vasilievich (1832-1901) was a friend of
Pyotr Ilyich TchaikovskyPyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
[The subject's names are also transliterated Piotr, Petr, or Peter; Ilitsch, Ilich, Il'ich or Illyich; and Tschaikowski, Tschaikowsky, Chajkovskij and Chaikovsky...]
. Like the composer, Golitsyn was homosexual; but unlike the composer, he lived openly with his lover, Nikolay Vasilievich Masalitinov (d. 1884).
Prince
Grigory Sergeyevich GolitsinPrince Grigory Sergeyevich Golitsin was a Russian general and statesman.Grigory Golitsin fought in Caucasian War, studied at General Staff Academy, commanded regiments...
(1838 — 1907) was a general and the Governor of Transcaucasia in 1897-1904.
Prince
Lev Sergeyevich (June 24, 1845 - January 8, 1916 (June 12, 1845 - December 26, 1915, Old Style)) was one of the founders of
wineWine is an alcoholic beverage typically made of fermented grape juice. The natural chemical balance of grapes is such that they can ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes or other nutrients. Wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast. Yeast consumes...
-making in
CrimeaCrimea or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea is the only autonomous republic of Ukraine. It is located on the northern coast of the Black Sea, occupying a peninsula of the same name.The territory of Crimea was conquered and controlled many times throughout its history...
. In his Crimean estate of
Novyi SvetNovyi Svit is a resort town in Crimea, Ukraine, known for an eponymous sort of champagne produced there. Champagne production was introduced into Novy Svet by a local landowner, Prince Lev Golitsyn, in the late 19th century....
he built the first Russian factory of champagne wines. In 1889 the production of this winery won the Gold Medal at the
ParisParis is the capital of France and the country's most populous city. It is situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
exhibition in the nomination for
sparkling wineSparkling wine is a wine with significant levels of carbon dioxide in it making it fizzy. The carbon dioxide may result from natural fermentation, Sparkling wine is a wine with significant levels of carbon dioxide in it making it fizzy. The carbon dioxide may result from natural fermentation,...
s. He became the surveyor of imperial vineyards at
Abrau-DyursoAbrau-Dyurso or Abrau-Durso is a village under the jurisdiction of the city of Novorossiysk, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. It is located on the shore of Lake Abrau, west of Novorossiysk...
in 1891.
Prince
Boris Borisovich (1862–1916) was a prominent physicist who invented the first electromagnetic seismograph in 1906.
Prince
Nikolai Dmitrievich GalitzinePrince Nikolai Dmitriyevitch Galitsyn was a member of the Galitzine family. He was the last Tsarist prime minister of Russia from January 1917 until his government fell during the revolution of March 1917, when the Tsar was also forced to abdicate...
(1850–1925) was the last Tsarist prime minister of Russia, at the time of the
February RevolutionThe February Revolution of 1917 was the first of two revolutions in Russia in 1917. It occurred March 8–12 and its immediate result was the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, the collapse of Imperial Russia and the end of the Romanov dynasty. The non-Communist Russian Provisional Government under...
.
Sergei Golitsyn Sergei Golitsyn was a member of the powerful Russian Golitsyn family. He is most notable for having written Memoirs of a Survivor: The Golitsyn Family in Stalin's Russia, his account of how revolution dramatically transformed life for one of Russia's elite families...
(1909-1989) wrote
Memoirs of a Survivor: The Golitsyn Family in Stalin's Russia, a memoir of his experiences of the period from the start of the Revolution in 1917 to Russia's entry into World War II in 1941.
Prince
Georgiy Sergeyevich GolitsynGeorgy Sergeyevich Golitsyn is a prominent Russian scientist in the field of Atmospheric Physics, full member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR since 1987, Editor-in-Chief of , member of the Academia Europaea since 1999.1990-2009 - Director of the A.M...
(born 1935) is a Russian physicist noted for his research on the concept of
nuclear winterNuclear winter is a predicted climatic effect of nuclear war. Severely cold weather and reduced sunlight for a period of months or years would be caused by detonating large numbers of nuclear weapons, especially over flammable targets such as cities, where large amounts of smoke and soot would be...
.
Prince Yuri Nicolai Galitzine (Born 1919)
Prince Leo Galitzine. Escaped from Soviet Russia during World War I, came to settle in Canada by 1932 when he was active in the mineral rush to
Great Bear LakeGreat Bear Lake is the largest lake entirely within Canada , the third largest in North America, and the seventh largest in the world...
,
Northwest TerritoriesThe Northwest Territories is a federal territory of Canada....
, the site of a silver and radium boom town. Galitzine, together with his wife
Princess, bought an airplane and started a charter company at Great Bear Lake. By 1933, Galitzine was living in Edmonton, Alberta.
Prince George Golitzin, Directed Pollyana and Parent Trap.
His brother, Prince
Alexander GolitzenAlexander Golitzen, oversaw art direction on more than 300 movies.Prince Alexander Golitzen was born in Moscow, but fled the country with his family during the Russian Revolution. Travelling via Siberia and China, they arrived in Seattle, where Alexander graduated from high school...
was art director for hundreds of movies. He also built the sets for many an award ceremony.
Prince George's son, Father Alexander Golitzin,
http://orthodoxwiki.org/Alexander_Golitzin is an Orthodox priest, monk, patristic scholar and professor of theology at Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, whose work focus on the discerning the roots of eastern Christian spirituality in Second Temple Judaism.
http://www.marquette.edu/maqom/
External links