Many
cities in Europe have different names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone
name changesGeographical renaming is the act of changing the name of a geographical feature or area. This can range from the uncontroversial change of a street name to a highly disputed change to the name of a country. Some names are changed locally but are not recognised by other countries, especially when...
for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known different names for all major cities that are geographically or historically and culturally in
EuropeEurope is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus Mountains , and the Black Sea to the southeast...
. It also includes some smaller towns that are important because of their location or history.
This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real" or "correct" name of any city is or was.
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Many
cities in Europe have different names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone
name changesGeographical renaming is the act of changing the name of a geographical feature or area. This can range from the uncontroversial change of a street name to a highly disputed change to the name of a country. Some names are changed locally but are not recognised by other countries, especially when...
for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known different names for all major cities that are geographically or historically and culturally in
EuropeEurope is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus Mountains , and the Black Sea to the southeast...
. It also includes some smaller towns that are important because of their location or history.
This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real" or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their
current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by name, and then by any historical variants and former names.
Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents may be listed, to provide an answer to the question "What is that name in..."?.
Note: The blue asterisks generally indicate the availability of a Wikipedia article in that language for that city; it also provides additional reference for the equivalence. Red asterisks or a lack of an asterisk indicate that no such article exists, and that these equivalents without further footnotes should be viewed with caution.
Exonyms by language
- Albanian exonyms
Below is list of Albanian language exonyms for places outside of Albania and Kosovo :...
- Bulgarian exonyms
Below is a list of Bulgarian language exonyms for places in Europe. Note that this list only includes names that are significantly different from the local toponym:-Greece:*Alexandroupoli Дедеагач *Edessa Воден...
- Croatian exonyms
The following is a list of Croatian exonyms, that is to say names for towns and cities that do not speak Croatian that have been adapted to Croatian spelling rules, or are simply native names from ancient times....
- Czech exonyms
The following is a list of Czech exonyms, that is to say names for places that do not speak Czech that have been adapted to Czech spelling rules, or are simply native names from ancient times....
- Danish exonyms
Below is list of Danish language exonyms for non-Danish speaking locations, primarily in Europe. Many of these are not commonly used anymore, especially those from Belgium, Finland, Italy and most of the German . Due to historical reasons, this list also includes the U.S...
- Dutch exonyms
Below is list of Dutch language exonyms for places in non-Dutch-speaking areas of Europe-Austria:*Wien Wenen*Kärnten Karinthië*Steiermark Stiermarken*Tyrol Tirool*Wienerwald Weense Woud-Czech Republic:*Karlovy Vary Karlsbad*Mariánské Lázně Mariënbad...
- English exonyms
Below is list of English language exonyms:-Albania:Shqipëria*Tiranë: Tirana -Australia:*Uluru Ayer's Rock...
- Estonian exonyms
Below is list of Estonian language exonyms for places in non-Estonian-speaking areas of Europe :-Latvia :*Ainaži – Heinaste*Alūksne – Aluliina*Ape – Hopa*Cēsis – Võnnu*Daugavpils – Väinalinn*Ērģeme – Härgmäe*Gaujiena – Koivaliina*Gulbene – Kulna...
- Finnish exonyms
Below is list of Finnish language exonyms for towns and cities in non-Finnish-speaking areas:-Cyprus :*Ammochostos-Gazimağusa Famagusta*Lefkosía-Lefkoşa Nikosia-Denmark :*København Kööpenhamina*Jylland Jyllanti, Juutinmaa...
- French exonyms
Below is list of French language exonyms for places in non-French-speaking areas :-Regions:*Kärnten Carinthie*Steiermark Styrie*Tirol Tyrol-Cities:*Aalst Alost*Amel Amblève*Antwerpen Anvers...
- German
- Greek exonyms
Below is a list of modern day Greek language exonyms for European places outside of Greece and Cyprus. Place names that are not mentioned are generally referred to in Greek by their respective names in their native languages, or at the closest pronunciation a Greek speaker can get...
- Hungarian exonyms
Below is a list of Hungarian language exonyms for places outside of Hungary. It excludes transliterations with the same pronunciation as the endonym.-Austria:...
- Icelandic exonyms
The following is a list of Icelandic exonyms, that is to say names for places that do not speak Icelandic that have been adapted to Icelandic spelling rules, or are simply native names from Viking times.-References:...
- Italian exonyms
Below is list of Italian language exonyms for places in non-Italian-speaking areas of Europe :In recent years, the use of Italian exonyms for lesser known places has significantly decreased, in favour of the foreign toponym....
- Latvian exonyms
Below is list of Latvian language exonyms for places in non-Latvian-speaking areas of Europe :-Austria:*Graz Grāca*Innsbruck Insbruka*Kitzbühel Kicbīela*Klagenfurt Klāgenfurte*Linz Linca*Salzburg Zalcburga*Villach Fillaha*Wels Velsa*Wien Vīne...
- Lithuanian exonyms
Below is list of Lithuanian language exonyms for places in non-Lithuanian-speaking areas of Europe :Note that this list does not include place names whose only alteration is that the ending -as has been appended to the local name Below is list of Lithuanian language exonyms for places in...
- Norwegian exonyms
As a general rule, modern Norwegian does not use exonyms for names with endonyms in Latin script. Historically, several Danish/German exonyms have been in use, due to the Danish roots of the Bokmål variety of Norwegian, but these exonyms should be considered archaic, and are no longer used...
- Polish exonyms
Below is list of Polish language exonyms for places in non-Polish-speaking areas of Europe :-Belarus :*Ashmyany Oszmiana*Astraviec Ostrowiec*Babruysk Bobrujsk*Baranovichi Baranowicze*Biaroza Bereza Kartuska*Brasłaŭ Brasław...
- Portuguese exonyms
Below is a list of Portuguese language exonyms for places in non-Portuguese-speaking areas of Europe. Some of them are used exclusively in European Portuguese while others appear just in Brazilian Portuguese...
- Romanian exonyms
Below is list of Romanian language exonyms for places outside Romania and Republic of Moldova :-Albania:*Voskopojë Moscopolea*Korçë Curceauă*Gjirokastër Liurocastru-Bulgaria:*Alfatar Alfatar*Balchik Balcic*Baley Bălei, Balei*Bregovo Bregova...
- Russian exonyms
Below is a list of Russian language exonyms for places in Europe. Note that this list only includes names that are significantly different from the local toponym, some exonyms are marked as historical, modern exonyms may match the toponyms.-Estonia:...
- Serbian exonyms
Below is list of exonyms for places which in the Serbian language have a different name.-Albania :*Ballsh *Durrës *Kukës...
- Slavic toponyms for Greek places
- Slovak exonyms
Below is a list of Slovak language exonyms for towns and villages in non-Slovak-speaking areas of the World :Caveat: some of them are only used in historical contexts today...
- Slovenian exonyms
Below is list of Slovene language exonyms and endonyms for places outside of Slovenia:-Austria :*Bad Radkersburg Radgona*Graz Gradec*Innsbruck Inomost*Leibnitz Lipnica*Salzburg Solnograd*Seckau Sekava*Wien Dunaj...
- Spanish exonyms
Below is list of Spanish language exonyms for places in non-Spanish-speaking areas of the world :-Austria:*Salzburg Salzburgo*Wien Viena*Oberösterreich Alta Austria*Niederösterreich Baja Austria*Steiermark Estiria*Kärnten Carintia-Towns:...
- Swedish exonyms
Below is list of Swedish language exonyms for places in non-Swedish-speaking areas of Europe :-Estonia:*Haapsalu Hapsal*Hiiumaa Dagö*Kärdla Kärrdal *Osmussaar Odensholm*Pakri Rågö*Ruhni Runö*Saaremaa Ösel...
- Turkish exonyms
- Ukrainian exonyms
Below is a list of Ukrainian language exonyms for places in Europe. Note that this list only includes names that are significantly different from the local toponym.*Beograd Белград/Belhrad*Bucureşti Бухарест/Bukharest*Chełm Холм/Kholm...
- Vietnamese exonyms
Below is a list of Vietnamese exonyms for various cities and countries around the world. The list does not include Vietnamese-speaking areas and cities, including Vietnam itself. Cities in bold is the capital city of their respective country...
- Welsh exonyms
Below is list of Welsh language exonyms for places outside Wales-England:-Scotland:-Ireland:-Isle of Man:-Europe and the Mediterranean:-The Rest of the World:-See also:*List of European exonyms...
Other