Minuscule 228
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 228 δ 458 (Soden), is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on parchment. Palaeographicaly
it has been assigned to the 14th century. Formerly it was labelled by 109a and 229p.
and Pauline epistles
(except Philemon
, Hebrews
), on 126 parchment leaves (size ). It is written in one column per page, 40-44 lines per page. It has not Catholic epistles.
. Aland
did not place it in any of his Categories
.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents the textual family Π171 in Luke 1 and Luke 10. In Luke 20 it represents Kx.
It does not contain the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11).
. Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer
collated it for Andreas Birch (Esc. 7). Formerly the manuscript was labelled by 109a and 229p. In 1908 C. R. Gregory gave number 228 for it.
It is currently housed at the Escurial
(Cod. Escurialensis, X. IV. 12).
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on parchment. Palaeographicaly
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
it has been assigned to the 14th century. Formerly it was labelled by 109a and 229p.
Description
The codex contains the text of the Acts of the ApostlesActs of the Apostles
The Acts of the Apostles , usually referred to simply as Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; Acts outlines the history of the Apostolic Age...
and Pauline epistles
Pauline epistles
The Pauline epistles, Epistles of Paul, or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen New Testament books which have the name Paul as the first word, hence claiming authorship by Paul the Apostle. Among these letters are some of the earliest extant Christian documents...
(except Philemon
Epistle to Philemon
Paul's Epistle to Philemon, usually referred to simply as Philemon, is a prison letter to Philemon from Paul of Tarsus. Philemon was a leader in the Colossian church. This letter, which is one of the books of the New Testament, deals with forgiveness.Philemon was a wealthy Christian of the house...
, Hebrews
Epistle to the Hebrews
The Epistle to the Hebrews is one of the books in the New Testament. Its author is not known.The primary purpose of the Letter to the Hebrews is to exhort Christians to persevere in the face of persecution. The central thought of the entire Epistle is the doctrine of the Person of Christ and his...
), on 126 parchment leaves (size ). It is written in one column per page, 40-44 lines per page. It has not Catholic epistles.
Text
Hermann von Soden classified it to the textual family KxFamily Kx
Family Kx is a large group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It includes uncials, and although hundreds of minuscules, no early ones.- Description :...
. Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
did not place it in any of his Categories
Categories of New Testament manuscripts
New Testament manuscripts in Greek are categorized into five groups, according to a scheme introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in Der Text des Neuen Testaments. The categories are based on how each manuscript relates to the various text-types. Generally speaking, earlier Alexandrian...
.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents the textual family Π171 in Luke 1 and Luke 10. In Luke 20 it represents Kx.
It does not contain the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11).
History
The manuscript belonged to Nicholas Nathanael of Crete, then to Andreas Darmarius, a calligrapher from EpidaurusEpidaurus
Epidaurus was a small city in ancient Greece, at the Saronic Gulf. Two modern towns bear the name Epidavros : Palaia Epidavros and Nea Epidavros. Since 2010 they belong to the new municipality of Epidavros, part of the peripheral unit of Argolis...
. Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer
Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer
Daniel Gotthilf Moldenhawer , was a German-Danish philologist, theologian, librarian, bibliophile, palaeographer, diplomat, and Bible translator.- Early life and education:...
collated it for Andreas Birch (Esc. 7). Formerly the manuscript was labelled by 109a and 229p. In 1908 C. R. Gregory gave number 228 for it.
It is currently housed at the Escurial
Escurial
Escurial is a village in Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain....
(Cod. Escurialensis, X. IV. 12).
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
Further reading
- Emmanuel Miller, Catalogue des manuscrits grecs de la bibliothèque de l'Escurial (Paris 1848), p. 405.