Maqsud Shah
Encyclopedia
Maqsud Shah (Maksud shah, Shah Mexsut) , was the Uyghur Khan or Prince of the Kumul Khanate
from 1908 to 1930. He also held the title Hami Wang, King/Prince of Hami.
Emperor of China, and every six years were required to visit Beijing to be a servant to the Emperor during a period of 40 days.
In 1912, Qing Dynasty was replaced by Republic of China
, and Yang Zengxin
became Governor in Xinjiang. Yang was a monarchist and supported the Khanate The Kumul maintained its status as a vassal Khanate of the Republic of China. In 1912 a rebellion also broke out against his oppressive rule. Maqsud spoke fluent Chinese. He had Chinese and Uyghur troops at his disposal. He sent melons as tribute to the Emperor.
The Kumul Khanate was the only part of Xinjiang which was not opened to settlement by Han Chinese. All other parts were subject to settlement encouraged by the government.
Maqsud's family was descended from Chaghatay Khans, and they ruled since the Ming Dynasty. Maqsud Shah was 47 years old in 1911. All the other Khans in Turkestan had gone, the Kumul Khanate was the only one left. Maqsud spoke Turki in Chinese accent and had Chinese clothing. Other sources say his family was directly descended from the Khans of the Uyghur Khaganate. Maqsud also drank enormous amounts of alcohol, and did not allow anyone to take pictures of him.
Maqsud Shah had Yulbars Khan
, the Tiger Prince of Hami as his chancellor at court.
Twenty one Begs administered Kumul under the Khan, and he received 1,200 taels in silver from the Xinjiang government after he sent tribute. He was also called King of the Gobi. His son Nasir was designated as his heir.
When Yang Zengxin was assassinated in 1928, he was replaced by the intolerant Jin Shuren.
Upon Maqsud Shah's death in 1930 Governor Jin Shuren
replaced the Khanate with three normal provincial administrative districits Hami, Yihe, Yiwu. Nasir was not allowed to succeeded him to the throne. This set off the Kumul Rebellion
.
Kumul Khanate
The Kumul Khanate was a semi-autonomous feudal khanate within the Qing dynasty and then the Republic of China until it was abolished by Xinjiang governor Jin Shuren in 1930.- History :...
from 1908 to 1930. He also held the title Hami Wang, King/Prince of Hami.
Reign
He succeeded his father Muhammmad Shah in 1908 as Khan of Kumul. The Khans were officially vassals to the Qing DynastyQing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
Emperor of China, and every six years were required to visit Beijing to be a servant to the Emperor during a period of 40 days.
In 1912, Qing Dynasty was replaced by Republic of China
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
, and Yang Zengxin
Yang Zengxin
Yang Zengxin , born in Mengzi, Honghe, Yunnan in 1859, was the ruler of Xinjiang after the Xinhai Revolution in 1911 until his assassination in 1928.-Life:...
became Governor in Xinjiang. Yang was a monarchist and supported the Khanate The Kumul maintained its status as a vassal Khanate of the Republic of China. In 1912 a rebellion also broke out against his oppressive rule. Maqsud spoke fluent Chinese. He had Chinese and Uyghur troops at his disposal. He sent melons as tribute to the Emperor.
The Kumul Khanate was the only part of Xinjiang which was not opened to settlement by Han Chinese. All other parts were subject to settlement encouraged by the government.
Maqsud's family was descended from Chaghatay Khans, and they ruled since the Ming Dynasty. Maqsud Shah was 47 years old in 1911. All the other Khans in Turkestan had gone, the Kumul Khanate was the only one left. Maqsud spoke Turki in Chinese accent and had Chinese clothing. Other sources say his family was directly descended from the Khans of the Uyghur Khaganate. Maqsud also drank enormous amounts of alcohol, and did not allow anyone to take pictures of him.
Maqsud Shah had Yulbars Khan
Yulbars Khan
Yulbars Khan , courtesy name Jingfu , was a Uighur born in Yangi Hissar in 1888. He entered the service in the Kumul Khanate of Muhammad Khan of Kumul and later his son Maksud Shah. He served as an advisor at the court, until when Maksud died in March 1930, governor Jin Shuren abolished the khanate...
, the Tiger Prince of Hami as his chancellor at court.
Twenty one Begs administered Kumul under the Khan, and he received 1,200 taels in silver from the Xinjiang government after he sent tribute. He was also called King of the Gobi. His son Nasir was designated as his heir.
When Yang Zengxin was assassinated in 1928, he was replaced by the intolerant Jin Shuren.
Upon Maqsud Shah's death in 1930 Governor Jin Shuren
Jin Shuren
Jin Shuren , governor of Xinjiang, succeeded Yang Zengxin after Yang was assassinated in 1928. Jin ruled Xinjiang for about half a decade, and his reign was characterized by corruption and suppression. Under his rule, both ethnic and religion conflicts were greatly deepened, resulting in numerous...
replaced the Khanate with three normal provincial administrative districits Hami, Yihe, Yiwu. Nasir was not allowed to succeeded him to the throne. This set off the Kumul Rebellion
Kumul Rebellion
The Kumul Rebellion was a rebellion of Kumulik Uyghurs who conspired with the Chinese Muslim General Ma Zhongying to overthrow Jin Shuren, governor of Xinjiang. The Kuomintang wanted Jin removed because of his ties to the Soviet Union, so it approved of the operation while pretending to acknowledge...
.