Jin Shuren
Encyclopedia
Jin Shuren (1879–1941), governor of Xinjiang
, succeeded Yang Zengxin
after Yang was assassinated in 1928. Jin ruled Xinjiang
for about half a decade, and his reign was characterized by corruption and suppression. Under his rule, both ethnic and religion conflicts were greatly deepened, resulting in numerous riots against his regime, which eventually led to his downfall. Jin was blamed for starting ethnic and religious conflicts due to his corrupt practices. He confiscated the local Turkic people's lands in order to redistribute it to the Chinese, but instead of doing so, gave these lands to his personal associates. The Chinese, although they did not receive any land, became the targets of hatred and attacks because of the belief that they had received the confiscated lands. Jin also favored his fellow Han Chinese
over Turkic peoples like the Uighur
s, causing ethnic conflicts between the Uighur
s and Chinese. In April, 1933, Jin's White Russian
troops revolted against him, and the revolt spreading, forced him to flee to the USSR, ending his reign in Xinjiang
. He was succeeded by Sheng Shicai
. Jin signed an illegal treaty with the Soviet Union, which supplied him with weapons. When the Kuomintang
Republic of China
government heard about it, the Chinese government backed the Tungan general Ma Zhongying
, giving his soldiers an official designation, the 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army)
, and naming him its commander, ordering him to overthrow Jin Shuren. Jin was overthrown after the First Battle of Urumqi (1933)
by White Russian troops under Colonel Pappengut. When he returned to China, he was arrested by the Kuomintang
government for signing the illegal arms treaty with the Soviet Union, and he was jailed.
Xinjiang
Xinjiang is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2...
, succeeded Yang Zengxin
Yang Zengxin
Yang Zengxin , born in Mengzi, Honghe, Yunnan in 1859, was the ruler of Xinjiang after the Xinhai Revolution in 1911 until his assassination in 1928.-Life:...
after Yang was assassinated in 1928. Jin ruled Xinjiang
Xinjiang
Xinjiang is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2...
for about half a decade, and his reign was characterized by corruption and suppression. Under his rule, both ethnic and religion conflicts were greatly deepened, resulting in numerous riots against his regime, which eventually led to his downfall. Jin was blamed for starting ethnic and religious conflicts due to his corrupt practices. He confiscated the local Turkic people's lands in order to redistribute it to the Chinese, but instead of doing so, gave these lands to his personal associates. The Chinese, although they did not receive any land, became the targets of hatred and attacks because of the belief that they had received the confiscated lands. Jin also favored his fellow Han Chinese
Han Chinese
Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the...
over Turkic peoples like the Uighur
Uyghur people
The Uyghur are a Turkic ethnic group living in Eastern and Central Asia. Today, Uyghurs live primarily in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China...
s, causing ethnic conflicts between the Uighur
Uyghur people
The Uyghur are a Turkic ethnic group living in Eastern and Central Asia. Today, Uyghurs live primarily in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China...
s and Chinese. In April, 1933, Jin's White Russian
White Emigre
A white émigré was a Russian who emigrated from Russia in the wake of the Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War, and who was in opposition to the contemporary Russian political climate....
troops revolted against him, and the revolt spreading, forced him to flee to the USSR, ending his reign in Xinjiang
Xinjiang
Xinjiang is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2...
. He was succeeded by Sheng Shicai
Sheng Shicai
Sheng Shicai was a Chinese warlord who "ruled" Xinjiang province from April 12, 1933 to August 29, 1944....
. Jin signed an illegal treaty with the Soviet Union, which supplied him with weapons. When the Kuomintang
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused...
Republic of China
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
government heard about it, the Chinese government backed the Tungan general Ma Zhongying
Ma Zhongying
Ma Zhongying, also Ma Chung-ying was a Tungan Chinese Muslim warlord during the Warlord era of China. Ma Zhongying's birth name was Ma Buying . Zhongying was a warlord of Gansu province in China during the 1930s. He allied himself with the Kuomintang, which gave his soldiers an official...
, giving his soldiers an official designation, the 36th Division (National Revolutionary Army)
36th Division (National Revolutionary Army)
The 36th Division was a cavalry division in the National Revolutionary Army. It was created in 1932 by the Kuomintang for General Ma Zhongying, who was also its first commander. It was made almost entirely out of Hui Muslim troops, all of its officers were Hui, with a few thousand Uighurs forced...
, and naming him its commander, ordering him to overthrow Jin Shuren. Jin was overthrown after the First Battle of Urumqi (1933)
First Battle of Urumqi (1933)
The First Battle of Urumqi was a conflict which occurred in the spring of 1933 between the armies of the Xinjiang provincial government, and the Chinese Muslim 36th Division of the national government of China. The Chinese government secretly urged Ma Zhongying to attack Jin Shuren, while...
by White Russian troops under Colonel Pappengut. When he returned to China, he was arrested by the Kuomintang
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused...
government for signing the illegal arms treaty with the Soviet Union, and he was jailed.