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The malleus or hammer is a hammer-shaped small bone
Bone

Bones are rigid organ that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red blood cell and white blood cells and store minerals....
 or ossicle
Ossicles

Not to be confused with ossicones.The ossicles are the three smallest bones in the human body. They are contained within the middle ear space and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth ....
 of the middle ear
Middle ear

The middle ear is the portion of the ear internal to the eardrum, and external to the oval window of the cochlea. The mammalian middle ear contains three ossicles, which couple vibration of the eardrum into waves in the fluid and membranes of the inner ear....
 which connects with the incus
Incus

The incus or anvil is the anvil-shaped small bone or ossicles in themiddle ear. It connects the malleus to the stapes. It was first described by Alessandro Achillin of Bologna....
 and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum
Eardrum

The tympanic membrane , is a thin biological membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. Its function is to transmit sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear....
. The word is Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
 for hammer.

It transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum
Eardrum

The tympanic membrane , is a thin biological membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. Its function is to transmit sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear....
 to the incus
Incus

The incus or anvil is the anvil-shaped small bone or ossicles in themiddle ear. It connects the malleus to the stapes. It was first described by Alessandro Achillin of Bologna....
.

The malleus is unique to mammals, and evolved from a lower jaw bone in basal amniotes called the articular
Articular

The articular bone is in the lower jaw of most tetrapods, including amphibians, sauropsids , birds and early synapsids. In these animals it is connected to two other lower jaw bones, the suprangular and the angular; and it forms the jaw joint by articulating with the quadrate bone of the skull....
, which still forms part of the jaw joint in reptiles.






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The malleus or hammer is a hammer-shaped small bone
Bone

Bones are rigid organ that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red blood cell and white blood cells and store minerals....
 or ossicle
Ossicles

Not to be confused with ossicones.The ossicles are the three smallest bones in the human body. They are contained within the middle ear space and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth ....
 of the middle ear
Middle ear

The middle ear is the portion of the ear internal to the eardrum, and external to the oval window of the cochlea. The mammalian middle ear contains three ossicles, which couple vibration of the eardrum into waves in the fluid and membranes of the inner ear....
 which connects with the incus
Incus

The incus or anvil is the anvil-shaped small bone or ossicles in themiddle ear. It connects the malleus to the stapes. It was first described by Alessandro Achillin of Bologna....
 and is attached to the inner surface of the eardrum
Eardrum

The tympanic membrane , is a thin biological membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. Its function is to transmit sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear....
. The word is Latin
Latin

Latin is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Through the Military history of the Roman Empire, Latin spread throughout the Mediterranean and a large part of Europe....
 for hammer.

It transmits the sound vibrations from the eardrum
Eardrum

The tympanic membrane , is a thin biological membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear. Its function is to transmit sound from the air to the ossicles inside the middle ear....
 to the incus
Incus

The incus or anvil is the anvil-shaped small bone or ossicles in themiddle ear. It connects the malleus to the stapes. It was first described by Alessandro Achillin of Bologna....
.

The malleus is unique to mammals, and evolved from a lower jaw bone in basal amniotes called the articular
Articular

The articular bone is in the lower jaw of most tetrapods, including amphibians, sauropsids , birds and early synapsids. In these animals it is connected to two other lower jaw bones, the suprangular and the angular; and it forms the jaw joint by articulating with the quadrate bone of the skull....
, which still forms part of the jaw joint in reptiles. Embryologically it is derived from the first pharyngeal arch along with the rest of the bones of mastication, such as the maxilla
Maxilla

The maxilla is a fusion of two bones along the palate fissure that form the upper jaw. This is similar to the mandible, which is also a fusion of two halves at the mental symphysis....
 and mandible
Mandible

The mandible or inferior maxillary bone forms the lower jaw and holds the lower tooth in place. It also refers to both the upper and lower sections of the beaks of birds....
.

Additional images


See also

  • Bone terminology
    Bone

    Bones are rigid organ that form part of the endoskeleton of vertebrates. They function to move, support, and protect the various organs of the body, produce red blood cell and white blood cells and store minerals....
  • Evolution_of_mammalian_auditory_ossicles
    Evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles

    The evolution of mammalian auditory ossicles is one of the most well-documented and important evolutionary events, demonstrating both numerous transitional fossil as well as an excellent example of exaptation, the re-purposing of existing structures during evolution....
  • Terms for anatomical location


External links

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