Lycoperdaceae is a
familyIn biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus...
of approximately 150
fungiA fungus is any member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. The Fungi are classified as a kingdom that is separate from plants, animals and bacteria...
now known to lie in the
AgaricalesThe fungal order Agaricales, also known as gilled mushrooms , or euagarics, contains some of the most familiar types of mushrooms. The order has 33 families, 413 genera, and 13233 species...
. Historically they were placed in their own order
LycoperdalesThe Lycoperdales are a now outdated order of fungi. The order included some well-known types such as the giant puffball, the earthstars, and other tuberous fungi...
. Members of the Lycoperdaceae family are known as the true
puffballA puffball is a member of any of a number of groups of fungus in the division Basidiomycota. The puffballs were previously treated as a taxonomic group called the Gasteromycetes or Gasteromycetidae, but they are now known to be a polyphyletic assemblage...
s. Unlike other types of fungi that hold spores in gills or teeth, puffballs contain the
sporeIn biology, a spore is a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersal and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions...
s inside a layer of tougher outer skin. When a puffball reaches maturity, the tough skin will split open, allowing the billions of spores to be released.
Based on phylogenetic analysis using
rDNArDNA may stand for:*ribosomal DNA*recombinant DNARDNA is also an acronym for*Reformed Druids of North America...
, Lycoperdaceae has been shown to be a family within the order Agaricales.
Discussion
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Lycoperdaceae is a
familyIn biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus...
of approximately 150
fungiA fungus is any member of a large group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms. The Fungi are classified as a kingdom that is separate from plants, animals and bacteria...
now known to lie in the
AgaricalesThe fungal order Agaricales, also known as gilled mushrooms , or euagarics, contains some of the most familiar types of mushrooms. The order has 33 families, 413 genera, and 13233 species...
. Historically they were placed in their own order
LycoperdalesThe Lycoperdales are a now outdated order of fungi. The order included some well-known types such as the giant puffball, the earthstars, and other tuberous fungi...
. Members of the Lycoperdaceae family are known as the true
puffballA puffball is a member of any of a number of groups of fungus in the division Basidiomycota. The puffballs were previously treated as a taxonomic group called the Gasteromycetes or Gasteromycetidae, but they are now known to be a polyphyletic assemblage...
s. Unlike other types of fungi that hold spores in gills or teeth, puffballs contain the
sporeIn biology, a spore is a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersal and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions...
s inside a layer of tougher outer skin. When a puffball reaches maturity, the tough skin will split open, allowing the billions of spores to be released.
Phylogeny
Based on phylogenetic analysis using
rDNArDNA may stand for:*ribosomal DNA*recombinant DNARDNA is also an acronym for*Reformed Druids of North America...
, Lycoperdaceae has been shown to be a family within the order Agaricales. Four major
cladeA clade is a term used in modern alpha taxonomy, the scientific classification of living and fossil organisms, to describe a monophyletic group, defined as a group consisting of a single common ancestor and all its descendants.[The term "monophyletic group" is used in this article...]
s can be distinguished within the Lycoperdaceae: Lycoperdon, Bovista, Calvatia, and Disciseda. The latter three clades correspond roughly to the current circumscription of the equally named genera
BovistaBovista is a genus of fungi in the family Lycoperdaceae, commonly known as the true puffballs. Young specimens are generally edible, before the internal structure start to differentiate. The 46 species have a widespread distribution, and are found largely in temperate regions of the world...
,
CalvatiaCalvatia is a genus of puffball mushrooms which includes the spectacular giant puffball C. gigantea. It was formerly classified within the now-obsolete order Lycoperdales, which, following a restructuring of fungal taxonomy brought about by molecular phylogeny, has been split; the puffballs,...
, and
DiscisedaDisciseda is a genus of fungi in the family Agaricaceae.-External links:* at Index Fungorum...
.
External links