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The Local Autonomy Law (????? Chihō-jichi-hō) of Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
 was passed as Law No. 67 on April 17, 1947, an Act of Devolution that established most of Japan's contemporary local government structures, including prefectures
Prefectures of Japan

The prefectures of Japan are the country's 47 sub-national jurisdictions: one "metropolis" , Tokyo; one "Circuit #Japan" , Hokkaido; two urban prefectures , Osaka Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture; and 43 other prefectures ....
, municipalities
Municipalities of Japan

Japan has three levels of government: Government of Japan, Prefectures of Japan, and municipal. The nation is divided into 47 prefectures. Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities....
 and other entities.

classification of (LPEs) are:

Ordinary LPEs are the basic local governments. The distinction between ordinary and special LPEs is primarily relevant under the Constitution of Japan
Constitution of Japan

The has been the founding legal document of Japan since 1947. The constitution provides for a parliamentary system of government and guarantees certain fundamental rights....
, which grants ordinary LPEs particular rights, including:



Special LPEs do not have these authorities except as otherwise provided by statute.






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The Local Autonomy Law (????? Chihō-jichi-hō) of Japan
Japan

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
 was passed as Law No. 67 on April 17, 1947, an Act of Devolution that established most of Japan's contemporary local government structures, including prefectures
Prefectures of Japan

The prefectures of Japan are the country's 47 sub-national jurisdictions: one "metropolis" , Tokyo; one "Circuit #Japan" , Hokkaido; two urban prefectures , Osaka Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture; and 43 other prefectures ....
, municipalities
Municipalities of Japan

Japan has three levels of government: Government of Japan, Prefectures of Japan, and municipal. The nation is divided into 47 prefectures. Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities....
 and other entities.

Local Public Entities

The classification of (LPEs) are:
  • Ordinary LPEs
    • Prefectures
      Prefectures of Japan

      The prefectures of Japan are the country's 47 sub-national jurisdictions: one "metropolis" , Tokyo; one "Circuit #Japan" , Hokkaido; two urban prefectures , Osaka Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture; and 43 other prefectures ....
       (to, do, fu and ken)
    • Municipalities
      Municipalities of Japan

      Japan has three levels of government: Government of Japan, Prefectures of Japan, and municipal. The nation is divided into 47 prefectures. Each prefecture consists of numerous municipalities....
      • Cities
        Cities of Japan

        |||}A is a local administrative unit in Japan. Cities are ranked on the same level as and , with the difference that they are not a component of ....
      • Towns
        Towns of Japan

        A town is a Local government in Japan. It is a local public body along with Prefectures of Japan, Cities of Japan, and Villages of Japan. Geographically, a town is contained within a Prefectures of Japan....
      • Villages
        Villages of Japan

        A is a Local government in Japan.It is a local public body along with , , and . Geographically, a village's extent is contained within a Prefectures of Japan....
  • Special LPEs (incomplete)
    • Special wards of Tokyo
      Special wards of Tokyo

      The are 23 Municipalities of Japan that together make up the core and the most populous part of Tokyo, Japan. Together, they occupy the land that was the Tokyo City before it was abolished in 1943....
    • Unions of LPEs
      • Partial operating unions
      • Full operating unions
      • Office operating unions
      • Regional unions
    • Property districts
    • Regional development enterprises


Ordinary LPEs are the basic local governments. The distinction between ordinary and special LPEs is primarily relevant under the Constitution of Japan
Constitution of Japan

The has been the founding legal document of Japan since 1947. The constitution provides for a parliamentary system of government and guarantees certain fundamental rights....
, which grants ordinary LPEs particular rights, including:

  • Direct elections (Article 93.2)
  • The right to legislate (Article 94)
  • Citizen referendum prior to enactment of any statute which specifically affects the LPE (Article 95)


Special LPEs do not have these authorities except as otherwise provided by statute. While special wards are regarded as basic local government
Local government

Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a state. The term is used to contrast with offices at nation-state level, which are referred to as the central government, national government, or federal government....
s within Tokyo, other special LPEs are consortia of LPEs for specific fields such as schools, waterworks and waste management.

LPEs are self-governing in many respects, but report indirectly to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

The is a Cabinet -level ministry in the government of Japan. The English name 'Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications' was used prior to 2004....
 in Tokyo
Tokyo

, officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshu. The twenty-three special wards of Tokyo, each governed as a city, cover the area that was once the Tokyo City in the eastern part of the prefecture, and total over 8 million people....
, which monitors relations between LPEs, as well as relations between LPEs and the government. The Ministry generally approves all inter-prefectural special LPEs, while inter-municipal special LPEs are approved by prefectural governors.

See also

  • City designated by government ordinance


External links

  • (in Japanese)
  • (in English)