Arab Kingdom of Syria

Arab Kingdom of Syria

The Arab Kingdom of Syria is the first modern Arab state to come into existence, and although it officially lasted less than a year , its existence has had a lasting impact in the Arab world to this day. Throughout its existence it was led by Sharif Hussein bin Ali’s son Faisal bin Hussein...

 (1918-1920)

#	Name	Picture	Born-Died	Took Office	Left Office	Political Party
Heads of Government
1	Muhammad Said al-Jazairi		1833–1919	30 September 1918 (several hours)		Independent
2	Rida Pasha al-Rikabi		1864–1943	30 September 1918	5 October 1918	Independent
King King of Syria The title King of Syria, was established briefly following the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire in the aftermath of World War I. Faysal ibn Husayn of the House of Hashim was proclaimed King of Greater Syria on 7 March 1920 in Damascus, following the Arab revolt against the Ottomans of 1916–1918...  (Hashemite Hashemite Hashemite is the Latinate version of the , transliteration: Hāšimī, and traditionally refers to those belonging to the Banu Hashim, or "clan of Hashim", a clan within the larger Quraish tribe... )
3	Faisal I Faisal I of Iraq Faisal bin Hussein bin Ali al-Hashemi, was for a short time King of the Arab Kingdom of Syria or Greater Syria in 1920, and was King of the Kingdom of Iraq from 23 August 1921 to 1933...		1883–1933	5 October 1918	28 July 1920

French Mandate of Syria

French Mandate of Syria

Officially the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon was a League of Nations mandate founded after the First World War and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire...

 (1920-1946)

#	Name	Picture	Born-Died	Took Office	Left Office	Political Party
Acting Heads of State
4	Ala ad-Din ad-Durubi Basha		1854–1929	28 July 1920	21 August 1920	Independent
5	Jamil al-Ulshi Jamil al-Ulshi Jamil al-Ulshi was a Syrian politician and acting head of state during the French Mandate era.-Biography:He was born and raised in Damascus, and educated in the Ottoman Military Academy in Istanbul....		1883–1951	4 September 1920	30 November 1920	French appointee
President
6	Subhi Bay Barakat al-Khalidi		1883–1939	28 June 1922	1 January 1925	Independent
Heads of State
6	Subhi Bay Barakat al-Khalidi		1883–1939	1 January 1925	21 December 1925	French appointee
7	François Pierre-Alype (acting)		1853–1932	9 February 1926	28 April 1926	French appointee
8	Damad-i Shariyari Ahmad Nami Bay		1840–1928	28 April 1926	15 February 1928	Independent
9	Taj al-Din al-Hasani Taj al-Din al-Hasani President Taj al-Din al-Hasani was a French-appointed Syrian leader and politician. He was born and raised into a family of Muslim scholars in Damascus...  (acting)		1885–1943	15 February 1928	19 November 1931	Independent
10	Léon Solomiac Léon Solomiac Léon Solomiac was Governor General for various colonies in French Colonial Empire....  (acting)		1873–1960	19 November 1931	11 June 1932	French appointee
Presidents
11	Muhammad Ali al-Abid		1867–1939	11 June 1932	21 December 1936	French appointee
12	Hashim al-Atassi Hashim al-Atassi Hashim Bay Khalid al-Atassi was a Syrian nationalist, statesman and its President from 1936 to 1939, 1949 to 1951, and 1954 to 1955.- Background and early career :...  (1st time)		1875–1960	21 December 1936	7 July 1939	National Bloc National Bloc (Syria) The National Bloc was a Syrian political party that emerged to fight for Syrian independence during the French Mandate of Syria period.The party was created after a national conference in 1928, by Ibrahim Hananu....
Chairman of the Council of Commissioners
13	Bahij al-Khatib Bahij al-Khatib Bahij al-Khatib was a French-appointed Syrian Head of State from July 10, 1939 to September 16, 1941. He was staunchly loyal to the continued French administration of Syria and opposed all aspirations for independence. Al-Khatib was educated in Mount Lebanon and was an oil merchant in Beirut...		1895–1981	10 July 1939	4 April 1941	French appointee
Presidents
14	Khalid al-Azm Khalid al-Azm Khalid al-Azm was a Syrian national leader and six-time Prime Minister, as well as Acting President...  (acting)		1903–1965	4 April 1941	16 September 1941	Independent
15	Taj al-Din al-Hasani Taj al-Din al-Hasani President Taj al-Din al-Hasani was a French-appointed Syrian leader and politician. He was born and raised into a family of Muslim scholars in Damascus...		1885–1943	16 September 1941	17 January 1943	Independent
16	Jamil al-Ulshi Jamil al-Ulshi Jamil al-Ulshi was a Syrian politician and acting head of state during the French Mandate era.-Biography:He was born and raised in Damascus, and educated in the Ottoman Military Academy in Istanbul....  (acting)		1883–1951	17 January 1943	25 March 1943	Independent
Head of State
17	Ata al-Ayyubi		1877–1951	25 March 1943	17 August 1943	Independent
President
18	Shukri al-Quwatli (1st time)		1891–1967	17 August 1943	17 April 1946	Syrian National Party

Syrian Republic

Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....

 (1946-1958)

#	Name	Picture	Born-Died	Took Office	Left Office	Political Party
Presidents
18	Shukri al-Quwatli (1st time)		1891–1967	17 April 1946	30 March 1949	Syrian National Party
19	Husni al-Za'im Husni al-Za'im Husni al-Za'im was a Syrian military man and politician. Husni al-Za'im, whose family is of Kurdish ancestry, had been an officer in the Ottoman Army. After France instituted its colonial mandate over Syria after the First World War, he became an officer in the French Army...		1897–1949	30 March 1949	14 August 1949	Military/Syrian Social Nationalist Party Syrian Social Nationalist Party The Syrian Social Nationalist Party , is a secular nationalist political party in Lebanon and Syria. It advocates the establishment of a Syrian nation state spanning the Fertile Crescent, including present day Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan, the Palestinian Territories, Israel, Cyprus, Kuwait,...
Chairman of the Supreme Military Council
20	Sami al-Hinnawi Sami al-Hinnawi Colonel Sami Hilmy al-Hinnawi was a Syrian politician and military man. He was born in Aleppo and had sereved in the Ottoman army before serving in the French-Syrian army during the French Mandate of Syria....		1898–1950	14 August 1949	15 August 1949	Military
Head of State
21	Hashim al-Atassi Hashim al-Atassi Hashim Bay Khalid al-Atassi was a Syrian nationalist, statesman and its President from 1936 to 1939, 1949 to 1951, and 1954 to 1955.- Background and early career :...  (2nd time)		1875–1960	15 August 1949	2 December 1951	National Bloc National Bloc (Syria) The National Bloc was a Syrian political party that emerged to fight for Syrian independence during the French Mandate of Syria period.The party was created after a national conference in 1928, by Ibrahim Hananu....
Chairman of the Supreme Military Council
22	Adib Shishakli Adib Shishakli Adib ibn Hasan Shishakli was a Syrian military leader and President of Syria .Born into a notable Syrian-Kurdish family of Hama, Shishakli served with the French Army during the mandate era...  (1st time)		1909–1964	2 December 1951	3 December 1951	Military/Syrian Social Nationalist Party Syrian Social Nationalist Party The Syrian Social Nationalist Party , is a secular nationalist political party in Lebanon and Syria. It advocates the establishment of a Syrian nation state spanning the Fertile Crescent, including present day Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan, the Palestinian Territories, Israel, Cyprus, Kuwait,...
Head of State
23	Fawzi Selu Fawzi Selu Fawzi Selu was a Syrian military leader, politician and head of state .-Career:He studied at the Homs Military Academy and joined the French-sponsored Troupe Speciales that was created when France imposed its League of Nations mandate on Syria in July 1920...		1905–1972	3 December 1951	11 July 1953	Military
Presidents
24	Adib Shishakli Adib Shishakli Adib ibn Hasan Shishakli was a Syrian military leader and President of Syria .Born into a notable Syrian-Kurdish family of Hama, Shishakli served with the French Army during the mandate era...  (2nd time)		1909–1964	11 July 1953	25 February 1954	Military/Syrian Social Nationalist Party Syrian Social Nationalist Party The Syrian Social Nationalist Party , is a secular nationalist political party in Lebanon and Syria. It advocates the establishment of a Syrian nation state spanning the Fertile Crescent, including present day Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Jordan, the Palestinian Territories, Israel, Cyprus, Kuwait,...
25	Maamun al-Kuzbari Maamun al-Kuzbari Maamun al-Kuzbari was a Syrian literary personality, politician and acting head of state from a prominent Damascus family.- Career :...  (1st time)		1914–1998	26 February 1954	28 February 1954	Independent
26	Hashim al-Atassi Hashim al-Atassi Hashim Bay Khalid al-Atassi was a Syrian nationalist, statesman and its President from 1936 to 1939, 1949 to 1951, and 1954 to 1955.- Background and early career :...  (3rd time)		1875–1960	28 February 1954	6 September 1955	National Bloc National Bloc (Syria) The National Bloc was a Syrian political party that emerged to fight for Syrian independence during the French Mandate of Syria period.The party was created after a national conference in 1928, by Ibrahim Hananu....
27	Shukri al-Quwatli (2nd time)		1891–1967	6 September 1955	22 February 1958	Syrian National Party

United Arab Republic

United Arab Republic

The United Arab Republic , often abbreviated as the U.A.R., was a sovereign union between Egypt and Syria. The union began in 1958 and existed until 1961, when Syria seceded from the union. Egypt continued to be known officially as the "United Arab Republic" until 1971. The President was Gamal...

 (1958-1961)

#	Name	Picture	Born-Died	Took Office	Left Office	Political Party
President
28	Gamal Abdel Nasser Gamal Abdel Nasser Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein was the second President of Egypt from 1956 until his death. A colonel in the Egyptian army, Nasser led the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 along with Muhammad Naguib, the first president, which overthrew the monarchy of Egypt and Sudan, and heralded a new period of...		1918–1970	22 February 1958	29 September 1961	National Union

Syrian Arab Republic

Syria

Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....

 (1961-Present)

#	Name	Picture	Born-Died	Took Office	Left Office	Political Party
Presidents
29	Maamun al-Kuzbari Maamun al-Kuzbari Maamun al-Kuzbari was a Syrian literary personality, politician and acting head of state from a prominent Damascus family.- Career :...  (2nd time)		1914–1998	29 September 1961	20 November 1961	Independent
30	Izzat an-Nuss (acting)		1900–1972	20 November 1961	14 December 1961	Military
31	Nazim al-Kudsi Nazim al-Kudsi Nazim al-Kudsi, also spelled "Koudsi", "al-Qudsi" or "al-Cudsi" , was a Syrian politician and head of state . He was born in and raised in Aleppo...		1906–1998	14 December 1961	8 March 1963	People's Party People's Party (Syria) People's Party was a Syrian political party that was active during the 1950s and the early 1960s. The party was established in 1948 as the main opposition party to the National Party...
Chairman of the National Revolutionary Command Council
32	Luai al-Atassi Luai al-Atassi Luai al-Atassi was a Syrian military leader and Head of State . He was born in Homs to a politically prominent family, and studied at the Military Academy in that city. He fought in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and rose to become chief of Military Protocol under his kinsman, President Hashim...		1926–2003	9 March 1963	27 July 1963	Military/Ba'ath Party
Chairman of the Presidential Council
33	Amin al-Hafiz		1921–2009	27 July 1963	23 February 1966	Military/Ba'ath Party
Heads of State
34	Nureddin al-Atassi Nureddin al-Atassi Noureddin Mohammed Ali al-Atassi was President of Syria from February 1966 to November 1970...		1930–1992	25 February 1966	18 November 1970	Military/Ba'ath Party
35	Ahmad al-Khatib Ahmad al-Khatib Ahmad Hasan al-Khatib was a Syrian politician. He was a ceremonial head of state of Syria appointed by Hafez al-Assad to replace the ousted president Nureddin al-Atassi. al-Khatib was a civilian member of the ruling Baath party and served as president for only four months. His position was...		1933–1982	18 November 1970	22 February 1971	Ba'ath Party
Presidents
36	Hafez al-Assad Hafez al-Assad Hafez ibn 'Ali ibn Sulayman al-Assad or more commonly Hafez al-Assad was the President of Syria for three decades. Assad's rule consolidated the power of the central government after decades of coups and counter-coups, such as Operation Wappen in 1957 conducted by the Eisenhower administration and...		1930–2000	22 February 1971	10 June 2000	Ba'ath Party/National Progressive Front
37	Abdul Halim Khaddam Abdul Halim Khaddam Abdul Halim Khaddam is a Syrian politician who was Vice President of Syria from 1984 to 2005.-Early life and career:Abdul Halim Khaddam was born on 15 September 1932 in Baniyas, Syria. Abdul Halim was one of the few Sunni Muslims to make it to the top of the Alawite-dominated Syrian leadership...  (acting)		1932–	10 June 2000	17 July 2000	Ba'ath Party/National Progressive Front
38	Bashar al-Assad Bashar al-Assad Bashar al-Assad is the President of Syria and Regional Secretary of the Ba'ath Party. His father Hafez al-Assad ruled Syria for 29 years until his death in 2000. Al-Assad was elected in 2000, re-elected in 2007, unopposed each time.- Early Life :...		1965–	17 July 2000	Incumbent	Ba'ath Party/National Progressive Front

See also

• List of Vice Presidents of Syria
• List of Prime Ministers of Syria
• List of Presidents of Parliament of Syria
• List of foreign ministers of Syria