List of Hunter College people
Encyclopedia
The list of Hunter College people includes notable graduates, professors and other people affiliated with Hunter College of the City University of New York.

Nobel laureates

  • Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
    Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
    Rosalyn Sussman Yalow was an American medical physicist, and a co-winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for development of the radioimmunoassay technique...

     - 1977, Medicine
  • Gertrude B. Elion - 1988, Medicine

Pulitzer Prize winners

  • Holland Cotter
    Holland Cotter
    Holland Cotter is an art critic with the New York Times. In 2009, he won the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism.Cotter was born in Connecticut and grew up in Boston, Massachusetts. He earned his A.B. from Harvard College in 1970, where he studied English literature under poet Robert Lowell and was an...

     - art critic
  • Emily Grenauer - art critic
  • Ada Louise Huxtable
    Ada Louise Huxtable
    Ada Louise Huxtable is an architecture critic and writer on architecture. In 1970 she was awarded the first ever Pulitzer Prize for Criticism for "distinguished criticism during 1969."...

     - architecture critic
  • Liu Heung Sheng - photographer
  • James Wright
    James Wright (poet)
    James Arlington Wright was an American poet.Wright first emerged on the literary scene in 1956 with The Green Wall, a collection of formalist verse that was awarded the prestigious Yale Younger Poets Prize. But by the early 1960s, Wright, increasingly influenced by the Spanish language...

     - poet

National Medal of Science winners

  • Mildred Cohn
    Mildred Cohn
    Mildred Cohn was an American biochemist. She graduated from high school at 14 and went on to receive her Bachelor's from Hunter College in 1931, her master's in 1932 from Columbia University, and her PhD in physical chemistry in 1938 from Columbia...

     - 1982, Biological Sciences
  • Mildred Dresselhaus
    Mildred Dresselhaus
    Mildred S. Dresselhaus is an Institute Professor and Professor of Physics and Electrical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology....

     - Engineering Sciences
  • Gertrude B. Elion

Science, technology, medicine, and mathematics

  • Patricia Bath
    Patricia Bath
    Patricia Era Bath is an American ophthalmologist, inventor and academic. She has broken ground for women and African Americans in a number of areas...

     - ophthalmologist
  • Marjorie Clarke
    Marjorie Clarke
    Marjorie J. Clarke, Ph.D., is an environmental scientist who specializes in recycling participation, waste prevention methods, waste-to-energy/incinerator emissions controls, environmental impacts of the World Trade Center fires and collapse, and community botanical gardening; her experience also...

     - environmental scientist
  • Mildred Cohn
    Mildred Cohn
    Mildred Cohn was an American biochemist. She graduated from high school at 14 and went on to receive her Bachelor's from Hunter College in 1931, her master's in 1932 from Columbia University, and her PhD in physical chemistry in 1938 from Columbia...

     - National Medal of Science
    National Medal of Science
    The National Medal of Science is an honor bestowed by the President of the United States to individuals in science and engineering who have made important contributions to the advancement of knowledge in the fields of behavioral and social sciences, biology, chemistry, engineering, mathematics and...

     winner
  • Mary P. Dolciani
    Mary P. Dolciani
    Mary P. Dolciani was an American mathematician, known for her work with secondary-school mathematics teachers.Dolciani earned her bachelor of arts degree at Hunter College in New York City, and she completed her her doctor of philosophy at Cornell University in 1947...

     - mathematician
  • Erich Jarvis
    Erich Jarvis
    Erich Jarvis is an associate professor of neurobiology at Duke University Medical Center. He leads a team of researchers who study the neurobiology of vocal learning, a critical behavioral substrate for spoken language. The animal models he studies include songbirds, parrots and hummingbirds...

     - neurologist
  • Esther Lederberg
    Esther Lederberg
    Esther Miriam Zimmer Lederberg was an American microbiologist and immunologist and pioneer of bacterial genetics...

     - pioneer of bacterial genetics
  • Lena Levine
    Lena Levine
    Lena Levine was an American psychiatrist and gynecologist. She was a pioneering figure in the development of both marriage counseling and birth control. She was a close colleague of Margaret Sanger...

     - psychiatrist, gynecologist, pioneer of marriage counseling and birth control
  • Beatrice Mintz
    Beatrice Mintz
    Beatrice Mintz is an American female embryologist who has contributed to the understanding of genetic modification, cellular differentiation and cancer, particularly melanoma....

     - pioneer of mammalian transgenesis
    Transgenesis
    thumb|300px|right|A diagram comparing the genetic changes achieved through conventional plant breeding, transgenesis and cisgenesisTransgenesis is the process of introducing an exogenous gene – called a transgene – into a living organism so that the organism will exhibit a new property and transmit...

  • Arlie Petters
    Arlie Petters
    Arlie Oswald Petters, MBE isa Belizean American mathematical physicist, who is the Benjamin Powell Professor andProfessor of Mathematics, Physics, and Business Administration at Duke University....

     - pioneer of Gravitational Lensing
  • Mina Rees
    Mina Rees
    Mina Spiegel Rees was an American mathematician. She was the first female President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and head of the mathematics department...

     - mathematician, President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
    President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
    The American Association for the Advancement of Science , founded in 1848, is the world's largest general scientific society. It serves 262 affiliated societies and academies of science and engineering, representing 10 million individuals worldwide...

  • Gillian Reynolds 1988 - third African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in Physics from M.I.T.
  • Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
    Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
    Rosalyn Sussman Yalow was an American medical physicist, and a co-winner of the 1977 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for development of the radioimmunoassay technique...

     - Nobel prize winner in Medicine
  • Ruth Teitelbaum
    Ruth Teitelbaum
    Ruth Teitelbaum was one of the original programmers for the ENIAC computer.Teitelbaum graduated from Hunter College with a B.Sc. in Mathematics...

     - ENIAC
    ENIAC
    ENIAC was the first general-purpose electronic computer. It was a Turing-complete digital computer capable of being reprogrammed to solve a full range of computing problems....

     programmer

Business and economics

  • Robert A. Daly
    Robert A. Daly
    Robert A. Daly is an American business executive who has led organizations such as CBS Entertainment, Warner Bros., Warner Music Group, and the Los Angeles Dodgers....

     - CEO of Warner Bros.
    Warner Bros.
    Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc., also known as Warner Bros. Pictures or simply Warner Bros. , is an American producer of film and television entertainment.One of the major film studios, it is a subsidiary of Time Warner, with its headquarters in Burbank,...

     and the Los Angeles Dodgers
    Los Angeles Dodgers
    The Los Angeles Dodgers are a professional baseball team based in Los Angeles, California. The Dodgers are members of Major League Baseball's National League West Division. Established in 1883, the team originated in Brooklyn, New York, where it was known by a number of nicknames before becoming...

  • Gerard Cafesjian
    Gerard Cafesjian
    Gerard Cafesjian is an Armenian-American businessman and philanthropist who founded the Cafesjian Family Foundation and has contributed considerable sums to many philanthropic causes.He earned a degree in Economics from Hunter College...

     - owner of West Publishing Corporation (now part of Thomson Corporation
    Thomson Corporation
    The Thomson Corporation was one of the world's largest information companies.Thomson was active in financial services, healthcare sectors, law, science & technology research, and tax & accounting sectors...

    )
  • Alan S. Chartock - president and CEO of WAMC
    WAMC
    WAMC is a public radio network headquartered in Albany, New York. As of April, 2011, the network comprised 11 transmitters and 11 translators. The organization's legal name is "WAMC" and it is also known as "WAMC Public Radio" or "WAMC Northeast Public Radio Network."In addition, the station...

  • Mollie Orshansky
    Mollie Orshansky
    Mollie Orshansky, , was an American economist and statistician who, in 1963–65, developed the Orshansky Poverty Thresholds, which are used in the United States as a measure of the income that a household must not exceed to be counted as poor.-Life and career:Miss Orshansky was born January 9, 1915,...

     - developer of the Orshansky Poverty Thresholds, the main poverty measure in the US
  • Sylvia Field Porter
    Sylvia Field Porter
    Sylvia Field Porter was an American economist and journalist. At the height of her career, her readership was greater than 40 million people.-Early life:...

     - economist and journalist

Members of Congress

  • Edna F. Kelly
    Edna F. Kelly
    Edna Flannery Kelly was a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from New York.Kelly was born in East Hampton, New York. She graduated from Hunter College in 1928...

     - Congresswoman, 1949-1969
  • Eliot L. Engel
    Eliot L. Engel
    Eliot Lance Engel is the U.S. Representative for , serving since 1993. He is a member of the Democratic Party. He previously represented the 19th District from 1989 to 1993...

     - Congressman, 1989-present
  • Bella Abzug
    Bella Abzug
    Bella Savitsky Abzug was an American lawyer, Congresswoman, social activist and a leader of the Women's Movement. In 1971, Abzug joined other leading feminists such as Gloria Steinem and Betty Friedan to found the National Women's Political Caucus...

     - Congresswoman, 1971-1977

City figures

  • Tony Avella
    Tony Avella
    Tony Avella is an American politician and Democratic State Senator from the 11th New York Senate district. Avella was a member of the New York City Council from the borough of Queens from 2002 to 2009...

     - New York City councilman, 2009 candidate for mayor
  • Tom Murphy
    Tom Murphy (mayor)
    Thomas J. "Tom" Murphy, Jr. is a Democratic politician from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. From January 1994 until January 2006 he served as mayor of Pittsburgh...

     - mayor of Pittsburgh
  • John Timoney - Miami chief of police
  • Adolfo Carrión Jr.
    Adolfo Carrión Jr.
    Adolfo Carrión, Jr. is a Democratic politician of Puerto Rican descent from City Island, located in New York City, New York. He has served for six and a half years as the 12th Borough President of the Bronx, the Chief Executive of the Borough...

     - Bronx borough president

Lawyers

  • Soia Mentschikoff
    Soia Mentschikoff
    Soia Mentschikoff was an American lawyer, law professor, and legal scholar, best known for her work in the development and drafting of the Uniform Commercial Code. She was also the first woman to teach at Harvard Law School....

     - chief developer of the Uniform Commercial Code
    Uniform Commercial Code
    The Uniform Commercial Code , first published in 1952, is one of a number of uniform acts that have been promulgated in conjunction with efforts to harmonize the law of sales and other commercial transactions in all 50 states within the United States of America.The goal of harmonizing state law is...

     and first woman to teach at Harvard Law School
    Harvard Law School
    Harvard Law School is one of the professional graduate schools of Harvard University. Located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, it is the oldest continually-operating law school in the United States and is home to the largest academic law library in the world. The school is routinely ranked by the U.S...

  • Floria Lasky
    Floria Lasky
    Floria V. Lasky was an influential American lawyer in the theater world, who represented some of the biggest names in American entertainment....

     - prominent theater lawyer

Activists

  • Antonia Pantoja
    Antonia Pantoja
    Dr. Antonia Pantoja , educator, social worker, feminist, civil rights leader and founder of ASPIRA, the Puerto Rican Forum, Boricua College and Producir.-Early years:...

     - activist, Presidential Medal of Freedom
    Presidential Medal of Freedom
    The Presidential Medal of Freedom is an award bestowed by the President of the United States and is—along with thecomparable Congressional Gold Medal bestowed by an act of U.S. Congress—the highest civilian award in the United States...

     winner
  • Mamphela Ramphele
    Mamphela Ramphele
    Mamphela Aletta Ramphele is a South African academic, businesswoman and medical doctor and was an anti-apartheid activist. She is a current trustee on the board of the Rockefeller Foundation in New York.-Life and career:...

     - Rockefeller Foundation
    Rockefeller Foundation
    The Rockefeller Foundation is a prominent philanthropic organization and private foundation based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The preeminent institution established by the six-generation Rockefeller family, it was founded by John D. Rockefeller , along with his son John D. Rockefeller, Jr...

     trustee, anti-apartheid activist
  • Madeleine Cosman
    Madeleine Cosman
    Madeleine Pelner Cosman was a scholar, a policy analyst, an advocate, a prolific author, and a faculty member at City College of New York...

     - health care and immigration advocate
  • Judith Vladeck - labor lawyer and civil rights advocate
  • Sandra Schnur
    Sandra Schnur
    Sandra Schnur was a pioneer American disability rights leader, working mainly in New York City.-Early life:Schnur was born into a Jewish family on 30 July 1935. Her life was rendered dramatically different in 1950 when she contracted polio . The disease rendered her a quadriplegic...

     - pioneer of disability rights
  • Norma Becker
    Norma Becker
    Norma Becker was a founder of the Fifth Avenue Vietnam Peace Parade Committee, which drew tens of thousands to protest the Vietnam War, and of the Mobilization for Survival coalition. She served as chairperson of the pacifist War Resisters League from 1977 to 1983.Born in the Bronx in 1930, Becker...

     - anti-war activist
  • Audre Lorde
    Audre Lorde
    Audre Lorde was a Caribbean-American writer, poet and activist.-Life:...

     - activist, writer, poet

Journalism and news

  • Mohamad Bazzi
    Mohamad Bazzi
    Mohamad Bazzi , is a Lebanese-American award-winning journalist. He is the former Middle East bureau chief at Newsday and a current faculty member of New York University. Bazzi was the 2007-2008 Edward R. Murrow Press Fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations...

     - journalist
  • Richard Cohen - Washington Post columnist
  • Corine Hegland
    Corine Hegland
    -Awards:* 2006 James Aronson Award for Social Justice Journalism.The award is granted by Hunter College in New York City.Hegland won her award for a series of articles on the captives held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detention camps, in Cuba:-References:...

     - journalist
  • Jack Newfield
    Jack Newfield
    Jack Newfield was a muckraking journalist, employed by The Village Voice, the Daily News and the New York Post. He covered the emergence of the New Left and the civil rights movement, and was a close friend of Robert F...

     - muckraking journalist
  • Daniel Seaman
    Daniel Seaman
    Daniel Seaman is the Deputy Director General for Information at the Israeli Ministry of Public Diplomacy and Diaspora Affairs. He formerly served as the Director of the Israel Government Press Office , part of the Office of the Prime Minister in Jerusalem responsible for the foreign media...

     - Israeli politician and expert on the Arab-Israeli conflict

Literature

  • Grace Andreacchi
    Grace Andreacchi
    Grace Andreacchi is a U.S.-born author known for her blend of poetic language and modernism with a post-modernist sensibility. Andreacchi is active as a novelist, poet and playwright.-Biography:...

     - writer
  • Maurice Berger
    Maurice Berger
    Maurice Berger is an Americancultural historian, curator, and art critic.- Biography :Maurice Berger is a cultural historian, art critic, and curator. He is Research Professor and Chief Curator at the Center for Art, Design and Visual Culture, University of Maryland, Baltimore County. A student of...

     - cultural critic
  • Peter Carey - writer
  • Colin Channer
    Colin Channer
    Colin Channer is a Jamaican writer, often referred to as "Bob Marley with a pen," due to the spiritual, sensual, social themes presented from a literary Jamaican perspective. Indeed, his first two full length novels, Waiting in Vain and Satisfy My Soul, bear the titles of well known Marley songs...

     - writer
  • Helen Gray Cone
    Helen Gray Cone
    Helen Gray Cone was a poet and professor of English literature. She spent her entire career at Hunter College in New York City.-Early life and education:...

     - poet
  • Lucy Dawidowicz
    Lucy Dawidowicz
    Lucy Schildkret Dawidowicz was an American historian and an author of books on modern Jewish history, in particular books on the Holocaust.-Life:...

     - author
  • Martin Greif
    Martin Greif
    Martin Joel Greif was an American editor, lecturer, publisher and writer...

     - writer, publisher
  • Evan Hunter
    Evan Hunter
    Evan Hunter was an American author and screenwriter. Born Salvatore Albert Lombino, he legally adopted the name Evan Hunter in 1952...

     - author and screenwriter
  • Ada Louise Huxtable
    Ada Louise Huxtable
    Ada Louise Huxtable is an architecture critic and writer on architecture. In 1970 she was awarded the first ever Pulitzer Prize for Criticism for "distinguished criticism during 1969."...

     - writer, Pulitzer Prize
    Pulitzer Prize
    The Pulitzer Prize is a U.S. award for achievements in newspaper and online journalism, literature and musical composition. It was established by American publisher Joseph Pulitzer and is administered by Columbia University in New York City...

    -winning architectural critic
  • Colette Inez
    Colette Inez
    Colette Inez is an American poet and composer, and a faculty member at Columbia University’s Undergraduate Writing Program. She has published over nine books of poetry and has won the Guggenheim Fellowship, Rockefeller Fellowship, and two National Endowment for the Arts and two Pushcart Prizes...

     - poet, academic
  • Malka Lee
    Malka Lee
    Malka Lee was an American poet. She is the author of Durkh Kindershe Oygn , published in 1955 and dedicated to her family, who were killed by the Nazis in the shtetl of Monastrishtsh in 1941, as well as six volumes of poetry in Yiddish, her mother tongue, much of it...

     - poet
  • Audre Lorde
    Audre Lorde
    Audre Lorde was a Caribbean-American writer, poet and activist.-Life:...

     (1959), African-American poet, essayist
  • Paule Marshall
    Paule Marshall
    Paule Marshall is an American author. She was born Valenza Pauline Burke in Brooklyn to Barbadian parents and educated at Girls High School, Brooklyn College and Hunter College . Early in her career, she wrote poetry, but later returned to prose...

     - author, MacArthur Fellow  "genius grant," Dos Passos Prize for Literature
  • Barbara McMartin
    Barbara McMartin
    Barbara McMartin was an American mathematician who became an environmentalist and author of books on the Adirondack Mountains.-Life:...

     - environmental writer
  • Sylvia Field Porter
    Sylvia Field Porter
    Sylvia Field Porter was an American economist and journalist. At the height of her career, her readership was greater than 40 million people.-Early life:...

     - economist/journalist
  • Sonia Sanchez
    Sonia Sanchez
    Sonia Sanchez is an African American poet most often associated with the Black Arts Movement. She has authored over a dozen books of poetry, as well as plays and children's books...

     - poet
  • Augusta Huiell Seaman
    Augusta Huiell Seaman
    Augusta Huiell Seaman was an American author of children's literature.Augusta Huiell Seaman was born Augusta Curtiss Huiell in New York City, on April 3, 1879, the daughter of the bookkeeper John Valentine Huiell and his third wife, Anna Curtiss...

     - writer
  • Gary Shteyngart
    Gary Shteyngart
    Gary Shteyngart is an American writer born in Leningrad, USSR. Much of his work is satirical and relies on the invention of elaborately fictitious yet somehow familiar places and times.-Life:...

     - author
  • René Taupin
    René Taupin
    René Taupin was a French translator, critic, and academic. He moved to the United States in the 1920s. In 1954, he was appointed chairman of the Department of Romance Languages at Hunter College...

     - writer
  • Ned Vizzini
    Ned Vizzini
    Edison Price "Ned" Vizzini is an American writer who is the author of books for young adults. He is best known for his novel Be More Chill. He has been a columnist for the New York Press since his teens.-Life and career:...

     - writer
  • Joan Wolf
    Joan Wolf
    Joan Wolf is an American writer of romance novels.Wolf grew up in the Bronx, New York. She obtained a Bachelor's degree in Mercy College and Master in English and Comparative Literature in Hunter College.-Single novels:...

     - writer of romance novels
  • James Wright
    James Wright (poet)
    James Arlington Wright was an American poet.Wright first emerged on the literary scene in 1956 with The Green Wall, a collection of formalist verse that was awarded the prestigious Yale Younger Poets Prize. But by the early 1960s, Wright, increasingly influenced by the Spanish language...

     - poet

Film, theater, and television

  • Ellen Barkin
    Ellen Barkin
    Ellen Barkin is an American film, television and theatre actress.-Early life:She was born Ellen Rona Barkin in Bronx, a borough of New York City, New York, the daughter of Evelyn , a hospital administrator who worked at Jamaica Hospital, and Sol Barkin, a chemical salesman...

     - actress
  • Lewis Beale
    Lewis Beale
    Lewis Beale is an American journalist, film critic and film lecturer whose articles and reviews have appeared in The New York Times, Newsday, the Los Angeles Times the Chicago Sun-Times, Interview, USA Today, Film Journal International, and other publications...

     - film critic
  • Ed Burns
    Edward Burns
    Edward Fitzgerald Burns is an American actor, film producer, writer and director.-Early life:Burns was born in Woodside, Queens, New York, the son of Molly , a federal agency manager, and Edward J. Burns, a public relations spokesman and police officer. He was raised a Roman Catholic...

     - actor, director
  • Judith Crist
    Judith Crist
    Judith Crist is an American film critic. She appeared regularly on the Today show from 1964-1973 and has appeared in one film, Woody Allen's Stardust Memories...

     - film critic
  • Ruby Dee
    Ruby Dee
    Ruby Dee is an American actress, poet, playwright, screenwriter, journalist, and activist, perhaps best known for co-starring in the film A Raisin in the Sun and the film American Gangster for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress.-Early years:Dee was born Ruby...

     - actress
  • Vin Diesel
    Vin Diesel
    Vin Diesel is an American actor, writer, director and producer. He became known in the early 2000s, appearing in several successful Hollywood films, including The Fast and the Furious and xXx...

     - actor
  • Hugh Downs
    Hugh Downs
    Hugh Malcolm Downs is a long time American broadcaster, television host, news anchor, TV producer, author, game show host, and music composer; and is perhaps best known for his role as co-host the NBC News program Today from 1962 to 1971, host of the Concentration game show from 1958 to 1969, and...

     - broadcaster, 20/20 and The Today Show anchor
  • Daniel Mulloy
    Daniel Mulloy
    Daniel Mulloy is a British artist and filmmaker. He is winner of The Golden Dragon, BIFA and BAFTA Awards.-Life and career:Born in Brixton , London, Mulloy moved to Carmarthen, Wales, as a teenager...

     - screenwriter and film director
  • Chad Hunt
    Chad Hunt
    Chad Hunt is a former gay porn star who performs in pornographic movies. He has also appeared on the cover of Badpuppy, Jock, Honcho, All Man and Unzipped magazines....

     - director
  • Tina Howe
    Tina Howe
    Tina Howe is an American playwright. She is the daughter of journalist Quincy Howe and was raised in a literary family...

     - Tony nominated playwright
  • Maitland McDonagh - film critic
  • Natasha Leggero
    Natasha Leggero
    Natasha Leggero is an American actress and stand-up comic from Rockford, Illinois.-Biography:Leggero began performing at age 10, in several Chicago plays. After graduating from high school, she moved to New York City to study at the Stella Adler Conservatory. While there, she also attended Hunter...

     - actress and comic
  • Richard Jeni
    Richard Jeni
    Richard John Colangelo , better known by the stage name of Richard Jeni, was an American stand-up comedian and actor.-Early life:...

     - comedian
  • Suzanne Kaaren
    Suzanne Kaaren
    Suzanne Kaaren was an American B-movie actress who starred in stock film genres of the 1930s and 1940s: horror, western and romances. She was born in Brooklyn, New York.-Education and athletics:...

     - actress
  • Eva Condon
    Eva Condon
    Eva Condon was an actress of the Broadway stage and vaudeville, from the early to mid 20th century.-Stage career:She resolved to pursue acting at the age of 16. Condon graduated from Hunter College before becoming an understudy in the John Drew Jr. company for several seasons. Her ambition was to...

     - Broadway actress
  • Ephraim Katz
    Ephraim Katz
    Ephraim Katz was a writer, journalist, and filmmaker who devoted his life to gathering the information in his book, The Film Encyclopedia, first published in 1979....

     - author of The Film Encyclopedia
  • Robi Ludwig
    Robi Ludwig
    Robi Ludwig is a psychotherapist and host of the reality television program, One Week to Save Your Marriage on TLC and Without Prejudice? on GSN. Dr...

     - TV host
  • Rhea Perlman - actress
  • Esther Rolle
    Esther Rolle
    Esther Rolle was an American actress. She was perhaps best known for her portrayal of Florida Evans on the CBS television sitcom Maude and its spin-off series Good Times.-Biography:...

     - actress
  • Al Santos - actor
  • Regina Resnik
    Regina Resnik
    Regina Resnik is an American operatic singer.Regina Resnik, the American mezzo-soprano, started a dramatic career ten months after earning her B.A. in Music at Hunter College. The role was Lady Macbeth under Fritz Busch in December, 1942 with the New Opera Company. A few months later, she sang...

     - opera singer
  • Evelyn Lear
    Evelyn Lear
    Evelyn Lear is an American soprano and opera singer.During her career between 1959 and 1992, Evelyn Lear appeared in more than forty operatic roles, appeared with every major opera company in the US and won a Grammy Award in 1966...

     - p[era singer
  • Julianne Nicholson
    Julianne Nicholson
    Julianne Nicholson is an American actress. She is known for having played Det. Megan Wheeler on Law & Order: Criminal Intent.-Early life:...

     - actress
  • Dreya Weber
    Dreya Weber
    Dreya Weber is an American actress, producer and aerialist.She was born in Bloomington, Indiana, and attended Hunter College in New York.She performed aerial silks at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City....

     - producer
  • Elliot Tiber
    Elliot Tiber
    Elliot Tiber, born Elliot Teichberg in 1935, is an artist and screenwriter who has written a memoir about the Woodstock Festival, held in Bethel, New York in 1969....

     - screenwriter who "saved" Woodstock Festival
    Woodstock Festival
    Woodstock Music & Art Fair was a music festival, billed as "An Aquarian Exposition: 3 Days of Peace & Music". It was held at Max Yasgur's 600-acre dairy farm in the Catskills near the hamlet of White Lake in the town of Bethel, New York, from August 15 to August 18, 1969...


Art, architecture, and engineering

  • Robert Altman
    Robert Altman (photographer)
    Robert Mark Altman is an American photographer. Altman attended Hunter College at the City University of New York. After graduation, Altman was taught photography by Ansel Adams....

     - Rolling Stone photojournalist
  • Maurice Berger
    Maurice Berger
    Maurice Berger is an Americancultural historian, curator, and art critic.- Biography :Maurice Berger is a cultural historian, art critic, and curator. He is Research Professor and Chief Curator at the Center for Art, Design and Visual Culture, University of Maryland, Baltimore County. A student of...

     - art critic and historian
  • Jack Coggins
    Jack Coggins
    Jack Banham Coggins was an artist, author, and illustrator. He is known in the United States for his oil paintings, which focused predominantly on marine subjects. He is also known for his books on space travel, which were both authored and illustrated by Coggins...

     - illustrator
  • Francisco Costa - creative director of Calvin Klein Collection
    Calvin Klein Collection
    Calvin Klein Collection is the brand name for the costly high-end designer menswear and womenswear lines from fashion house Calvin Klein.Designer apparel, dresses, coats, dress shirts, eyewear, footwear and leather goods are sold under this 'black label' line which represents the top level in the...

  • Mildred Dresselhaus
    Mildred Dresselhaus
    Mildred S. Dresselhaus is an Institute Professor and Professor of Physics and Electrical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology....

     - engineer
  • Echo Eggebrecht
    Echo Eggebrecht
    Echo Eggebrecht is a New York painter.She received her BFA in 2000 at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and her MFA at Hunter College in 2006....

     - painter
  • Arthur Elgort
    Arthur Elgort
    Arthur Elgort in New York) is a fashion photographer, who has become especially known for his work as a Vogue photographer.-Life and career:...

     - photographer for Vogue
    Vogue (magazine)
    Vogue is a fashion and lifestyle magazine that is published monthly in 18 national and one regional edition by Condé Nast.-History:In 1892 Arthur Turnure founded Vogue as a weekly publication in the United States. When he died in 1909, Condé Montrose Nast picked up the magazine and slowly began...

     magazine
  • Ada Louise Huxtable
    Ada Louise Huxtable
    Ada Louise Huxtable is an architecture critic and writer on architecture. In 1970 she was awarded the first ever Pulitzer Prize for Criticism for "distinguished criticism during 1969."...

     - architecture critic
  • Mel Kendrick
    Mel Kendrick
    Mel Kendrick , is an American artist, known primarily for his sculptural work in wood, bronze, rubber, paper and, most recently, cast concrete. Kendrick's work reflects a deep fascination with process, space, and geometry...

     - artist
  • Kathleen Kucka
    Kathleen Kucka
    .Kathleen Kucka, is an American painter.-Education:Kucka earned her Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1984, at the The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art in New York...

     - painter
  • Terrance Lindall
    Terrance Lindall
    Terrance Lindall is an American artist who was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1944. Lindall attended the University of Minnesota and graduated magna cum laude from Hunter College in New York City in 1970, with a double major in Philosophy and English and a double minor in Psychology and Physical...

     - artist
  • Robert Morris
    Robert Morris (artist)
    Robert Morris is an American sculptor, conceptual artist and writer. He is regarded as one of the most prominent theorists of Minimalism along with Donald Judd but he has also made important contributions to the development of performance art, land art, the Process Art movement and installation...

     - sculptor
  • Doug Ohlson
    Doug Ohlson
    Douglas Dean Ohlson was an American abstract artist who specialized in geometric patterns.Ohlson was born on November 18, 1936, in Cherokee, Iowa and attended Bethel College before serving in the United States Marine Corps...

     (1936-2010), abstract artist.
  • Dan Walsh
    Dan Walsh
    Dan Walsh is a painter based in New York.He studied at the Philadelphia College of Art in Pennsylvania and Hunter College in New York....

     - painter
  • Eli Wilner
    Eli Wilner
    Eli Wilner is proprietor of Eli Wilner & Company, a New York art gallery specializing in American and European period frames from the 19th through the early 20th century. He is a leading frame dealer, collector, and restorer, as well as an acknowledged and published authority on period frames...

     - founder of Eli Wilner & Co art gallery
  • Brian Wood
    Brian Wood (artist)
    Brian Wood , is a visual artist working with multiple media in photography, painting, drawing and printmaking in New York City.- Biography :...

     - visual artist

Music

  • David S. Sampson
    David S. Sampson
    David Sampson is a prolific composer and trumpet player currently living in New Jersey. He is currently Composer-in-Residence with the Colonial Symphony Orchestra and plays with them as well....

     - composer
  • Knoup Tomopoulos - Lead singer of the band Viza
    Viza
    Viza is an American rock band from Los Angeles, California. As Visa, the band has released two EPs and two full length albums, along with an award winning music video. In the "De Facto" and "Eros" albums, the music is pervaded by sonorities taken from Armenian, Russian and Greek traditions blended...


Education

  • Dr. Robert Davila - ninth president of Gallaudet University
    Gallaudet University
    Gallaudet University is a federally-chartered university for the education of the deaf and hard of hearing, located in the District of Columbia, U.S...

  • Howard McParlin Davis
    Howard McParlin Davis
    Howard McParlin Davis was a longtime professor of Art History at Columbia University. "His classes in Italian Renaissance painting and on Northern European painting were among the most popular undergraduate courses at Columbia," and thanks to him, "[g]enerations of Columbia College students...

     - prominent art history professor
  • John Taylor Gatto
    John Taylor Gatto
    John Taylor Gatto is a retired American school teacher with nearly 30 years experience in the classroom, and author of several books on education...

     - author of seminal books on education
  • Soia Mentschikoff
    Soia Mentschikoff
    Soia Mentschikoff was an American lawyer, law professor, and legal scholar, best known for her work in the development and drafting of the Uniform Commercial Code. She was also the first woman to teach at Harvard Law School....

     - chief developer of the Uniform Commercial Code
    Uniform Commercial Code
    The Uniform Commercial Code , first published in 1952, is one of a number of uniform acts that have been promulgated in conjunction with efforts to harmonize the law of sales and other commercial transactions in all 50 states within the United States of America.The goal of harmonizing state law is...

     and first woman to teach at Harvard University
  • Burton Pike
    Burton Pike
    Burton Pike is professor emeritus of comparative literature and Germanic languages and literature at the CUNY Graduate Center. He received his Ph. D from Harvard University, and has also taught at the University of Hamburg, Cornell University, and Queens College and Hunter College of the City...

    - professor Emeritus, Comparative Literature
    Comparative literature
    Comparative literature is an academic field dealing with the literature of two or more different linguistic, cultural or national groups...

    , CUNY Graduate Center
    CUNY Graduate Center
    The Graduate Center of the City University of New York brings together graduate education, advanced research, and public programming to midtown Manhattan hosting 4,600 students, 33 doctoral programs, 7 master's programs, and 30 research centers and institutes...

  • Kay Toliver
    Kay Toliver
    Kay Toliver is a teacher specialising in mathematics education.-Background:Kay Toliver was born and raised in East Harlem and the South Bronx...

     - mathematics educator
  • Mak Mitchell - Egocentric Professor of boredom

Non-graduating attendees

  • Harry Connick, Jr - musician
  • Bobby Darin
    Bobby Darin
    Bobby Darin , born Walden Robert Cassotto, was an American singer, actor and musician.Darin performed in a range of music genres, including pop, rock, jazz, folk and country...

     - musician
  • Nikolai Fraiture
    Nikolai Fraiture
    Nikolai Philippe Fraiture is the bass player for the American indie rock band, The Strokes. Fraiture grew up in New York City with his Russian mother and French father and speaks fluent French. Nikolai has an older brother named Pierre and a younger sister named Elizabeth...

     - bassist, The Strokes
    The Strokes
    The Strokes are an American indie rock band formed in 1999 in New York City. Consisting of Julian Casablancas , Nick Valensi , Albert Hammond, Jr. , Nikolai Fraiture and Fabrizio Moretti ....

  • April Lee Hernández
    April Lee Hernández
    April Lee Hernandez is an American film and television actress. She has also been credited as April L. Hernandez and April Hernandez Castillo.-Biography:...

     - actress
  • Grace Paley
    Grace Paley
    Grace Paley was an American-Jewish short story writer, poet, and political activist.-Biography:Grace Paley was born in the Bronx to Isaac and Manya Ridnyik Goodside, who anglicized the family name from Gutseit on immigrating from Ukraine. Her father was a doctor. The family spoke Russian and...

     - writer
  • Nick Valensi - guitarist, The Strokes
    The Strokes
    The Strokes are an American indie rock band formed in 1999 in New York City. Consisting of Julian Casablancas , Nick Valensi , Albert Hammond, Jr. , Nikolai Fraiture and Fabrizio Moretti ....


Faculty

  • Meena Alexander
    Meena Alexander
    Meena Alexander is an internationally acclaimed poet, scholar, and writer. Born in Allahabad, India, and raised in India and Sudan, Alexander lives and works in New York City, where she is Distinguished Professor of English at Hunter College in the and at the CUNY Graduate Center in the...

     - poet and author
  • John Avlon
    John Avlon
    John Phillips Avlon is senior columnist for Newsweek and the Daily Beast as well as a CNN contributor. He is also the author of Independent Nation: How Centrists Can Change American Politics and Wingnuts: How the Lunatic Fringe is Hijacking America...

     - author, speech writer for Rudy Giuliani
    Rudy Giuliani
    Rudolph William Louis "Rudy" Giuliani KBE is an American lawyer, businessman, and politician from New York. He served as Mayor of New York City from 1994 to 2001....

  • James Aronson
    James Aronson
    James Aronson was an American journalist. He founded the left-leaning National Guardian. He was a graduate of Harvard College and the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism.- Work before the Guardian :...

     - journalist, founder of the National Guardian
  • Jacqueline Barton
    Jacqueline Barton
    Jacqueline K. Barton is an American chemist. She is the Arthur and Marian Hanisch Memorial professor of Chemistry at California Institute of Technology...

     - chemist
  • William Baziotes
    William Baziotes
    William Baziotes was an American painter influenced by Surrealism and was a contributor to Abstract Expressionism.-Life and career:...

     - painter
  • Harry Binswanger
    Harry Binswanger
    Harry Binswanger is an American philosopher and writer. He is an Objectivist and was a long-time associate of Ayn Rand, working with her on The Ayn Rand Lexicon. His doctoral dissertation, in the philosophy of biology, presented a new theory of the goal-directedness of living action, in opposition...

     - philosopher
  • Gertrude Blanch
    Gertrude Blanch
    Gertrude Blanch was an American mathematician who did pioneering work in numerical analysis and computation.Blanch was born Gittel Kaimowitz in Kolno, Russia , arrived in the United States as a child, and attended public schools in New York City. She spent fourteen years as a clerk, saving money...

     - pioneer of numerical analysis
    Numerical analysis
    Numerical analysis is the study of algorithms that use numerical approximation for the problems of mathematical analysis ....

     and computation
    Computation
    Computation is defined as any type of calculation. Also defined as use of computer technology in Information processing.Computation is a process following a well-defined model understood and expressed in an algorithm, protocol, network topology, etc...

  • Robert A. Brady
    Robert A. Brady (economist)
    Robert Alexander Brady was an American economist who analyzed the dynamics of technological change and the structure of business enterprise. Brady developed a potent analysis of fascism and other emerging authoritarian economic and cultural practices...

     - economist
  • José Ferrer Canales
    José Ferrer Canales
    Dr. José Ferrer Canales , was an educator, writer and a pro-independence political activist.-Early years:...

     - writer, activist
  • Rosario Candela
    Rosario Candela
    Rosario Candela was an Italian American architect who achieved renown through his apartment building designs in New York City, primarily during the boom years of the 1920s. He is credited with defining the city's characteristic terraced setbacks and signature penthouses. Over time, Candela's...

     - influential architect
  • Peter Carey - novelist
  • Tina Chang
    Tina Chang
    Tina Chang is an American poet, teacher, and editor. She is currently Poet Laureate of Brooklyn.-Life:Chang was born in 1969 in Oklahoma, to Chinese immigrants who had met in Montreal, where her mother was working as a nurse and her father was earning his doctorate in physics. The family moved to...

     - poet
  • John Henrik Clarke
    John Henrik Clarke
    John Henrik Clarke , born John Henry Clark, was a Pan-Africanist American writer, historian, professor, and a pioneer in the creation of Africana studies and professional institutions in academia starting in the late 1960s.He was Professor of African World History and in 1969 founding chairman of...

     - historian
  • Buck Clayton
    Buck Clayton
    Buck Clayton was an American jazz trumpet player who was a leading member of Count Basie’s "Old Testament" orchestra and a leader of mainstream-oriented jam session recordings in the 1950s. His principal influence was Louis Armstrong...

     - musician
  • Susan Crile
    Susan Crile
    Susan Crile is an artist, primarily a painter and printmaker. She has had over 50 solo exhibitions, and her work is in the collections of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Denver Art Museum, the Brooklyn Museum, the Hirshhorn Museum, the Phillips Collection, and...

     - painter
  • Noah Creshevsky
    Noah Creshevsky
    -Biography:Trained in composition by Nadia Boulanger in Paris and Luciano Berio at the Juilliard School, Creshevsky has lived and worked in New York since 1966. He taught at Brooklyn College of the City University of New York for thirty-one years, serving as Director of the Brooklyn College Center...

     - composer
  • Emil Draitser
    Emil Draitser
    Emil Draitser is author and professor of Russian at Hunter College, New York City. Besides twelve books of artistic and scholarly prose, his essays and short stories have been published in the Los Angeles Times, Partisan Review, North American Review, San Francisco Chronicle, Prism International,...

     - author
  • Cora DuBois
    Cora DuBois
    Cora Alice Du Bois, was an American cultural anthropologist and a key figure in culture and personality studies and in psychological anthropology more generally.-Biography:...

     - cultural anthropologist
  • Stuart Ewen
    Stuart Ewen
    Stuart Ewen is a New York-based author, historian and lecturer on media, consumer culture and the compliance profession. He is also a Distinguished Professor at Hunter College and the City University of New York Graduate Center, in the departments of History, Sociology and Media Studies...

  • Norman Finkelstein
    Norman Finkelstein
    Norman Gary Finkelstein is an American political scientist, activist and author. His primary fields of research are the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the politics of the Holocaust. He is a graduate of Binghamton University and received his Ph.D in Political Science from Princeton University...

     - political scientist
  • Mary Flanagan
    Mary Flanagan
    Mary Flanagan is an artist, author, educator, and designer currently residing in Hanover, New Hampshire. She is inaugural chair holder of the Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Professorship in Digital Humanities at Dartmouth College and the director of the Tiltfactor Lab, an activist game design group...

  • Helen Frankenthaler
    Helen Frankenthaler
    Helen Frankenthaler is an American abstract expressionist painter. She is a major contributor to the history of postwar American painting. Having exhibited her work in six decades she has spanned several generations of abstract painters while continuing to produce vital and ever-changing new work...

     - artist
  • Bertram Myron Gross
    Bertram Myron Gross
    Bertram Myron Gross was an American Social scientist, Federal bureaucrat and Professor of Political science at Hunter College . He is known from his book Friendly Fascism from 1980 and as primary author of the Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act.- Biography :Gross was born in Philadelphia...

     - author of the Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act
    Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment Act
    The Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act , is an act of legislation by the United States government.-Impetus and strategy:...

  • John Hollander
    John Hollander
    John Hollander is a Jewish-American poet and literary critic. As of 2007, he is Sterling Professor Emeritus of English at Yale University...

     - poet, literary critic
  • Seymour Itzkoff
    Seymour Itzkoff
    Seymour William Itzkoff is an American professor known for his research into intelligence. He has taught at Smith College since 1965 where he is currently professor emeritus of education and child study.-Life and career:...

     - researcher
  • George E. Kimball - pioneer of operations research
    Operations research
    Operations research is an interdisciplinary mathematical science that focuses on the effective use of technology by organizations...

     algorithms
  • Dong Kingman
    Dong Kingman
    Dong Kingman was a Chinese American artist and one of America's leading watercolor masters. As a painter on the forefront of the California Style School of painting, he was known for his urban and landscape paintings as well as his graphic design work in the Hollywood film industry...

     - artist
  • Lyman Kipp
    Lyman Kipp
    Lyman Kipp is a sculptor and painter who creates pieces that are composed of strong vertical and horizontal objects and are often painted in bold primary colors recalling arrangements by De Stijl Constructivists...

     - sculptor
  • Rosalind E. Krauss
    Rosalind E. Krauss
    Rosalind Epstein Krauss is an American art critic and theorist; she is a professor at Columbia University in New York City. In 1985 a monograph of essays by Krauss, titled The Originality of the Avant-Garde and Other Modernist Myths was published by The MIT Press.-Early life :Rosalind Krauss grew...

     - art critic
  • Reiner Leist
    Reiner Leist
    Reiner Leist , is a German-born photographer, who emigrated to the United States and lives in New York City.-Early Life:...

     - photographer
  • Nancy Milford
    Nancy Milford
    Nancy Milford is an American biographer.Milford is best known for her book Zelda about F. Scott Fitzgerald's wife Zelda Fitzgerald. The book started out as her master's thesis and was published to broad acclaim in 1970...

     - author
  • Paul Moravec
    Paul Moravec
    Paul Moravec is an American composer and a University Professor at Adelphi University on Long Island, New York...

     - composer
  • Robert Motherwell
    Robert Motherwell
    Robert Motherwell American painter, printmaker and editor. He was one of the youngest of the New York School , which also included Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Willem de Kooning, and Philip Guston....

     - artist
  • Leonard Peikoff
    Leonard Peikoff
    Leonard S. Peikoff is a Canadian-American philosopher. He is an author, a leading advocate of Objectivism and the founder of the Ayn Rand Institute. A former professor of philosophy, he was designated by the novelist Ayn Rand as heir to her estate...

     - philosopher, founder of the Ayn Rand Institute
    Ayn Rand Institute
    The Ayn Rand Institute: The Center for the Advancement of Objectivism is a 501 nonprofit think tank in Irvine, California that promotes Ayn Rand's philosophy, called Objectivism. It was established in 1985, three years after Rand's death, by Leonard Peikoff, Rand's legal heir...

  • Richard Reeves
    Richard Reeves
    Richard Reeves is a writer, syndicated columnist and lecturer at the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles.-Career:...

     - political author
  • Ruth Sager
    Ruth Sager
    Ruth Sager was an eminent American geneticist. Sager enjoyed two scientific careers. Her first was in the 1950s and 1960s when she pioneered the field of cytoplasmic genetics...

     - geneticist
  • Carolee Schneemann
    Carolee Schneemann
    Carolee Schneemann is an American visual artist, known for her discourses on the body, sexuality and gender. She received a B.A. from Bard College and an M.F.A. from the University of Illinois. Her work is primarily characterized by research into visual traditions, taboos, and the body of the...

     - artist
  • Blake Schwarzenbach
    Blake Schwarzenbach
    Alexander Blake Schwarzenbach is an American musician. He was the singer and left-handed guitarist of Jawbreaker , Jets to Brazil , The Thorns of Life , and forgetters -Education:...

     - musician
  • Michael Shernoff
    Michael Shernoff
    Michael Shernoff was an openly gay psychotherapist who specialized in serving the mental health needs of gay, lesbian, and bisexual people and was author of several influential publications on the topics of HIV/AIDS prevention and the mental health concerns of gay men.-Biography:Shernoff was born...

     - specialist in gay community mental health
  • Tony Smith
    Tony Smith (sculptor)
    Tony Smith was an American sculptor, visual artist, architectural designer, and a noted theorist on art. He is often cited as a pioneering figure in American Minimalist sculpture.-Education:...

     - sculptor
  • Harry Edward Stinson
    Harry Edward Stinson
    Harry Edward Stinson was a noted 20th century sculptor.He grew up in Winfield, Iowa. In 1918 he enlisted in the US Army and was discharged in 1919. In 1920 he attended the University of Iowa, Iowa City and received his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1921...

     - sculptor
  • John Kennedy Toole
    John Kennedy Toole
    John Kennedy Toole was an American novelist from New Orleans, Louisiana, best-known for his posthumously published novel A Confederacy of Dunces. He also wrote The Neon Bible. Although several people in the literary world felt his writing skills were praiseworthy, Toole's novels were rejected...

     - author
  • Lionel Trilling
    Lionel Trilling
    Lionel Trilling was an American literary critic, author, and teacher. With wife Diana Trilling, he was a member of the New York Intellectuals and contributor to the Partisan Review. Although he did not establish a school of literary criticism, he is one of the leading U.S...

     - literary critic
  • Nydia Velázquez
    Nydia Velázquez
    Nydia Margarita Velázquez is the U.S. Representative for , serving since 1993. She is a member of the Democratic Party. The district includes residential areas of three boroughs...

     - US Congresswoman, New York 1993-present
  • Robert C. Weaver
    Robert C. Weaver
    Robert Clifton Weaver served as the first United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from 1966 to 1968. He was the first African American to hold a cabinet-level position in the United States.As a young man, Weaver had been one of 45 prominent African Americans appointed by...

     - 1st United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
    United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
    The United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development is the head of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, a member of the President's Cabinet, and thirteenth in the Presidential line of succession. The post was created with the formation of the Department of Housing...


Administration

  • David A. Caputo
    David A. Caputo
    David Armand Caputo became the sixth president of Pace University in 2000.He serves as co-chair of the New York State Regents' Professional Standards and Practices Board, as a director of the National Association of Independent Colleges and Universities, on the Council of Presidents of the...

     - president of Hunter College, president of Pace University
  • Paul LeClerc
    Paul LeClerc
    Paul LeClerc is president and chief executive officer of the New York Public Library. He attended Holy Cross High School in Flushing, New York, and was part of their first graduating class in 1959. He is a former president of Hunter College and is a trustee of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation...

     - president of Hunter College, president and CEO New York Public Library
    New York Public Library
    The New York Public Library is the largest public library in North America and is one of the United States' most significant research libraries...

  • Michael P. Riccards
    Michael P. Riccards
    Michael P. Riccards is an American political scientist, writer, and professor. Riccards has been the president of three American colleges and has written extensively on public policy, the American political process, and the history of the American presidency. His book The Ferocious Engine of...

     - political scientist and author, executive director of the Hall Institute for Public Policy
  • Donna Shalala
    Donna Shalala
    Donna Edna Shalala served for eight years as Secretary of Health and Human Services under President Bill Clinton and has been president of the University of Miami, a private university in Coral Gables, Florida, since 2001. She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest...

    - 10th president of Hunter College, president of University of Miami
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