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Leonard Susskind

 
Leonard Susskind

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Leonard Susskind



 
 
Leonard Susskind (born 1940) is the Felix Bloch
Felix Bloch

Felix Bloch was a Switzerland physicist, working mainly in the U.S....
 professor of theoretical physics
Theoretical physics

Theoretical physics employs mathematical models and abstractions of physics in an attempt to explain experimental data taken of the natural world....
 at Stanford University
Stanford University

Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private university research university located in Stanford, California, California, United States....
 in the field of string theory
String theory

String theory is a developing branch of theoretical physics that combines quantum mechanics and general relativity into a quantum gravity. The String s of string theory are one-dimensional oscillating lines, but they are no longer considered fundamental to the theory, which can be formulated in terms of points or surfaces too....
 and quantum field theory
Quantum field theory

Quantum field theory or QFT provides a theoretical framework for constructing quantum mechanics models of systems classically described by field or of Many-body problem....
. Susskind is widely regarded as one of the fathers of string theory for his early contributions to the String Theory model of particle physics.

kind was born in a poor Jewish family from the South Bronx
South Bronx

The South Bronx is a region of the New York City borough of the Bronx. It strictly refers to the southwestern portion of the borough, and should not be confused with the southern Bronx....
 section of New York City
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
 and now resides in Palo Alto, California
California

California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....
. He began working as a plumber
Plumber

The word plumber dates from the Roman Empire. In Roman times, some roofs were made of lead, or in Latin . Lead roofs were waterproof, and the workers on such roofs were what are now called "plumbers"....
 at the age of sixteen, taking over for his father who had become ill.






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Quotations


(Jokingly) Sex in ten dimensions is impossible... topologically.

Source: Lecture "Cosmic landscape and illusion of intelligent design", DESY Hamburg 28.09.2006





Encyclopedia


Leonard Susskind (born 1940) is the Felix Bloch
Felix Bloch

Felix Bloch was a Switzerland physicist, working mainly in the U.S....
 professor of theoretical physics
Theoretical physics

Theoretical physics employs mathematical models and abstractions of physics in an attempt to explain experimental data taken of the natural world....
 at Stanford University
Stanford University

Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private university research university located in Stanford, California, California, United States....
 in the field of string theory
String theory

String theory is a developing branch of theoretical physics that combines quantum mechanics and general relativity into a quantum gravity. The String s of string theory are one-dimensional oscillating lines, but they are no longer considered fundamental to the theory, which can be formulated in terms of points or surfaces too....
 and quantum field theory
Quantum field theory

Quantum field theory or QFT provides a theoretical framework for constructing quantum mechanics models of systems classically described by field or of Many-body problem....
. Susskind is widely regarded as one of the fathers of string theory for his early contributions to the String Theory model of particle physics.

Early life and education

Susskind was born in a poor Jewish family from the South Bronx
South Bronx

The South Bronx is a region of the New York City borough of the Bronx. It strictly refers to the southwestern portion of the borough, and should not be confused with the southern Bronx....
 section of New York City
New York City

The City of New York is the List of United States cities by population in the United States, while the New York metropolitan area ranks among the List of urban areas by population....
 and now resides in Palo Alto, California
California

California is a U.S. state on the West Coast of the United States of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. It is bordered by Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, and to the south the Mexico state of Baja California....
. He began working as a plumber
Plumber

The word plumber dates from the Roman Empire. In Roman times, some roofs were made of lead, or in Latin . Lead roofs were waterproof, and the workers on such roofs were what are now called "plumbers"....
 at the age of sixteen, taking over for his father who had become ill. Later, he enrolled in the City College of New York
City College of New York

The City College of The City University of New York is a senior college of the City University of New York, in New York City. It is also the oldest of the City University's twenty-three institutions of higher learning....
 as an engineering student, graduating with a B.S. in Physics
Physics

Physics is the natural science which examines basic concepts such as energy, force, and spacetime and all that derives from these, such as mass, charge, matter and its Motion ....
 in 1962. In an article with the LA Times, Susskind recalls the moment he discussed with his father this change in career path: "When I told my father I wanted to be a physicist, he said, ‘Hell no, you ain’t going to work in a drug store.’ I said no, not a pharmacist. I said, ‘Like Einstein.’ He poked me in the chest with a piece of plumbing pipe. ‘You ain’t going to be no engineer,’ he said. ‘You’re going to be Einstein.’" He then studied at Cornell University
Cornell University

Cornell University located in Ithaca, New York, USA, is a private university with four Statutory college. Its two medical campuses are in New York City and Education City, Qatar....
 under Peter A. Carruthers where he received his Ph.D. in 1965. He has been married twice, originally in 1960, and has four children.

Career

Susskind was an Assistant Professor of Physics, then an Associate Professor at the Yeshiva University
Yeshiva University

Yeshiva University is a private university in New York City, with six campuses in New York and one in Israel. Founded in 1886, it is a leading research institution, ranked 50th in the United States among national universities in 2008.....
 (1966-1970), after which he went for a year at the University of Tel Aviv (1971-72), returning to Yeshiva to become a Professor of Physics (1970-1979). Since 1979, he has been Professor of Physics at Stanford University
Stanford University

Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private university research university located in Stanford, California, California, United States....
, and since 2000, its Felix Bloch Professor of Physics.

In 2007, Susskind joined the Faculty of Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics

The Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics is an independent, resident-based research institute devoted to foundational issues in theoretical physics located in Waterloo, Ontario, Ontario, Canada....
 in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, as an Associate Member. He has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences
United States National Academy of Sciences

The National Academy of Sciences is a corporation in the United States whose members serve pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science, engineering, and medicine."...
 and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
American Academy of Arts and Sciences

The American Academy of Arts and Sciences is an organization dedicated to scholarship and the advancement of learning. It serves as a nationwide honor society for the United States....
, and was awarded the 1998 Sakurai Prize
Sakurai Prize

The J. J. Sakurai Prize is a prize in theoretical particle physics whose purpose is to recognize outstanding work.The prize is awarded by American Physical Society and is officially presented at the APS April meeting every year....
 for theoretical physics. He is also a distinguished professor
Distinguished Professor

Distinguished Professor is an honorary title at many university for faculty who are recognized by colleagues throughout the world as leaders in their fields....
 at Korea Institute for Advanced Study
Korea Institute for Advanced Study

The Korea Institute for Advanced Study is an advanced research institute in Korea. It is located on a campus at 207-43 Cheongnyangni 2-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea....
.

Susskind is the author of two popular science books, The Cosmic Landscape: String Theory and the Illusion of Intelligent Design published in 2005, and The Black Hole War: My battle with Stephen Hawking to make the world safe for quantum mechanics published in 2008.

He was one of at least three physicists who independently discovered during or around 1970 that the Veneziano
Gabriele Veneziano

Gabriele Veneziano is an Italy theoretical physics and a founder of string theory. He currently holds the chair of Elementary Particles, Gravitation and Cosmology at the College of France....
 dual resonance model
Dual resonance model

A dual resonance model is a term used in theoretical physics which refers to the early investigation on strong interactions of String_theory#history....
 of strong interactions could be described by a quantum mechanical model of strings.

An entire course on quantum physics by Susskind can be downloaded on the iTunes
ITunes

iTunes is a Proprietary software digital media media player application, used for playing and organizing digital music and video files. The program is also an interface to manage the contents on Apple's popular iPod digital media players as well as the iPhone....
 platform from "Stanford on iTunes". He is also a noted speaker, scheduled to speak at the Skeptics Society's "Origins Conference" at California Institute of Technology
California Institute of Technology

The California Institute of Technology is a private university research university located in Pasadena, California, United States. Caltech maintains a strong emphasis on the natural sciences and engineering....
 alongside Nancey Murphy
Nancey Murphy

Nancey Murphy is a Christian theologian and philosopher known for her works on theology and science. She is currently Professor of Christian Philosophy at Fuller Theological Seminary....
, and Victor J. Stenger
Victor J. Stenger

Victor J. Stenger is an United States physicist, and an advocate of naturalism , skepticism, and atheism.Active for many years in particle physics research, he is now mainly known as a critic of intelligent design, the aggressive use of the anthropic principle, and other pseudoscience ideas....
.

Contributions

Susskind has also made contributions in the following areas of physics:

  • The independent discovery of the string theory
    String theory

    String theory is a developing branch of theoretical physics that combines quantum mechanics and general relativity into a quantum gravity. The String s of string theory are one-dimensional oscillating lines, but they are no longer considered fundamental to the theory, which can be formulated in terms of points or surfaces too....
     model of particle physics.
  • The theory of quark
    Quark

    Quarks are a type of elementary particle and major constituents of matter. They are the only particles in the Standard Model to experience all four fundamental interaction, which are also known as fundamental interactions....
     confinement
    Colour confinement

    Color confinement, often called just confinement, is the physics phenomenon that color charged particles cannot be isolated singularly, and therefore cannot be directly observed....
  • The development of Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory
    Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory

    In physics, Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory is a calculational approach to gauge theory and a special case of lattice gauge theory in which the space is discretized but time is not....
  • The theory of scaling violations in deep inelastic electroproduction
  • The theory of symmetry breaking sometimes known as "technicolor
    Technicolor (physics)

    In physics, technicolor models are theories beyond the Standard Model which do not have a scalar field Higgs field. Instead, they have a larger number of fermion fields than the Standard Model and involve a larger gauge group....
     theory"
  • The second, yet independent, theory of cosmological baryogenesis
    Baryogenesis

    In physical cosmology, baryogenesis is the generic term for hypothetical physical processes that produced an symmetry between baryons and antibaryons in the Big Bang, resulting in the substantial amounts of residual matter that make up the universe today....
    . (Sakharov
    Andrei Sakharov

    Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov was an eminent Soviet Union Nuclear physics physicist, dissident and human rights activist. Sakharov was an advocate of civil liberties and reforms in the Soviet Union....
    's work was first, but was mostly unknown in the Western hemisphere.)
  • String theory of black hole
    Black hole

    In general relativity, a black hole is a region of space in which the gravitational field is so powerful that nothing, including electromagnetic radiation , can escape its pull after having fallen past its event horizon....
     entropy
  • The principle of "black hole complementarity"
  • The holographic principle
    Holographic principle

    The holographic principle is a property of quantum gravity theories which resolves the black hole information paradox within string theory. First proposed by Gerard 't Hooft, it was given a precise string-theory interpretation by Leonard Susskind....
  • M-theory
    M-theory

    In theoretical physics, M-theory is a new limit of string theory in which 11 dimensions of spacetime may be identified. Because the dimensionality exceeds the dimensionality of five superstring theories in 10 dimensions, it was originally believed that the 11-dimensional theory is more fundamental and unifies all string theories ....
  • Introduction of holographic entropy
    Entropy

    In many branches of science, entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system. The concept of entropy is particularly notable as it is applied across physics, information theory and mathematics....
     bounds in physical cosmology
    Physical cosmology

    Physical cosmology, as a branch of astronomy, is the study of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of our universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its formation and evolution....
  • The idea of an anthropic string theory landscape
    String theory landscape

    The string theory landscape or anthropic landscape refers to the large number of possible false vacuum in string theory. The "landscape" includes so many possible configurations that it is thought by some physicists that the known laws of physics, the Standard Model and General relativity with a positive cosmological constant, occurs in...
    .


See also

  • Superstring theory
    Superstring theory

    Superstring theory is an attempt to explain all of the Elementary particle and fundamental forces of nature in one theory by modelling them as vibrations of tiny supersymmetry strings....
  • Quantum chromodynamics
    Quantum chromodynamics

    Quantum chromodynamics is a theory of the strong interaction , a fundamental force describing the interactions of the quarks and gluons making up hadrons ....
  • Supersymmetry
    Supersymmetry

    In particle physics, supersymmetry is a symmetry that relates elementary particles of one Spin to another particle that differs by half a unit of spin and are known as superpartners....
  • List of theoretical physicists
    List of theoretical physicists

    The following is a partial list of theoretical physicists:...


Further reading

  • Chown, Marcus, , New Scientist
    New Scientist

    New Scientist is a liberal weekly international science magazine and website covering recent developments in science and technology for a general English language-speaking audience....
    , 15 January 2009, magazine issue 2691. "The holograms you find on credit cards and banknotes are etched on two-dimensional plastic films. When light bounces off them, it recreates the appearance of a 3D image. In the 1990s physicists Leonard Susskind and Nobel prizewinner Gerard 't Hooft suggested that the same principle might apply to the universe as a whole. Our everyday experience might itself be a holographic projection of physical processes that take place on a distant, 2D surface."


External links

  • The Edge:
    • ""
    • Susskind and Lee Smolin
      Lee Smolin

      Lee Smolin is an United States theoretical physicist, a researcher at the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, and an adjunct professor of physics at the University of Waterloo....
       debate the
  • ,
  • from This Week in Science
    This Week in Science

    This Week in Science is a science radio talk show broadcasting from KDVS 90.3FM on the UC Davis campus. Each week, TWIS founder/host Kirsten Sanford and co-host Justin Jackson review current research in technology....
     March 14, 2006 Broadcast
  • "Father of String Theory Muses on the Megaverse":
  • on the Internet Movie Database.