Landepéreuse
Encyclopedia
Landepéreuse is a commune
in the Eure
department in Haute-Normandie
in northern France
.
Regularly, each year, during strong rain, these two valleys run during few hours to few days (see below the longest valley in January 2008).
During the important wet episode in the beginning of 2001 (floods in the Somme), those more in the east ran during a few months.
. Only rare rocks and formations are, or have been accessible to humans. The oldest are of upper Cretaceous.
They are formed of marl
y chalk
exploited formerly in underground quarries, for a long time abandoned. We can see in the landscape, the old fallen down wells access and the cave-in
, locally known as bétous (or boitous): (bétoire s in the french version) (see left side, the geological map).
On the surface, we see in abundance in some areas of the commune sandstones of Cenozoic
age (see map) geological). They can grow to a plurimetric size. No fossil (macro or micro) have been observed. So their age may not be precisely specified. For some authors their appear to be sandstone
s of Paleocene
age, such as those visible at the top of the surrounding chalk cliffs of Dieppe or the Tréport and nearly of Bosc Renoult for example. For another, their appear to be sandstone of Oligocène
age, such as those well known of the Fontainebleau
forest
to the South of Paris or Séran mound in the French Vexin. From a scientific study, many thin blades have been cut to try to remove this ambiguity. They have only shown one cristallized charophyte oogone ( reproductive seaweed cells) (currently living in freshwater) not datable.
Around valleys we can observe heterogeneous rocks (flint, pure sandstone, more or less strongly ferruginated sandstone...), heterometric (centimetric to pluridecimetric), relatively well rolled.
This geological set reminds alluvium, inheritance of the passed valleys activity, with a relatively high current speed (such as the Charentonne
today) (RS on the geological map).
The other parts of the commune is coated with limon(see geological map), not very thick compared to that we can encounter in the Lieuvin
or in the Campagne d'Evreux. This layer provides a fertility relative to the ground of the commune.
By the of sandstone and cailloutis abundance, Landepereuse must not be a paradise for its first inhabitants: it was probably difficult to clear and cultivate its ground at a time when tractors doesn't exist and iron or at least metal tools were rare because to much expensiv.
By the finness of the limon, this commune was, before the advent of organic fertilizers, a land of extensive farms and survival food.
Therefore, geology is the origin of the landscape of this typical bocaged village of the Pays d'Ouche
.
Limons, here of brown color, decalcified and clay concentrated by the paedogenesis (lehm) could however be used in this commun for brick
s manufacture.
Communes of France
The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. French communes are roughly equivalent to incorporated municipalities or villages in the United States or Gemeinden in Germany...
in the Eure
Eure
Eure is a department in the north of France named after the river Eure.- History :Eure is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790...
department in Haute-Normandie
Haute-Normandie
Upper Normandy is one of the 27 regions of France. It was created in 1984 from two départements: Seine-Maritime and Eure, when Normandy was divided into Lower Normandy and Upper Normandy. This division continues to provoke controversy, and some continue to call for reuniting the two regions...
in northern France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
.
Etymology
The origin of the name of Landepereuse is easy to find. It derives of the Norman way to pronounce "lande pierreuse" (stony land). The word "lande" comes from Gallic and indicates a dry ground where just few plants grow. Stony is due to the abundance and the size of the stones, sometimes multi metric that are presents in abundance. So this commune did not have been a paradise for the first inhabitants: it was probably difficult to clear and to cultivate at this time when tractors did not exist and metal or iron tools were expensive and rare.Geography
Landepéreuse is a small rural village of Pays d'Ouche located in the south western Eure, in Normandy. Its surface is 892 ha. With uneven maximum of 48 m (altitude ranging between 187 m in the South-West and 139 m in the North-East; town hall at 170 m), this commune slightly undulating, is representative of the territories of Pays d'Ouche who announce already the hills of the Perche country in the south and the Pays d'Auge to a few kilometres in the West. It is constituted of fields, pastures, orchards and woods. These are sometimes separated by hedges, in which the principal species are: Hawthorn, the blackthorn (Sloe). The territory of the commune is crossed by two dry valleys.- The first, most important, topographically, crosses a small zone of the territory, between the Borough and Hiette in North and Dupinière and Nobletière in the South. Its uneven in this zone, on the northern slope abrupt, reached 20 Mr.
- The second, known in the past under the name of Valley of Theil in Ouche (chart of Cassini XVIIIe century), the most developed in surface, gives the axis (south-western/north-eastern) biggest length of the commune. It starts in Pontaurey between 186 and 187 m of altitude, pass below Long Pierre in the old territory of Theil in Ouche at about 175 m of altitude, crosses the small northern diverticulum of the commune of Epinay (locality Sbirée). We find it between Pasnière and Fortinière in North and Hamel in South, at about 168 Mr. It passes in north of the borough, below the church, at about 165 m (few years ago, a small bridge edified to span it, along the communal way n°13 could be saw). Lastly, it leaves the commune in the North of Boulaye at the altitude of 158 Mr. Its topography is always rather little marked, but the total uneven observed is about 30 Mr. Since the middle of the 1980'a underground drain follows the middle of this valley.
Regularly, each year, during strong rain, these two valleys run during few hours to few days (see below the longest valley in January 2008).
During the important wet episode in the beginning of 2001 (floods in the Somme), those more in the east ran during a few months.
Geology
The geological basement of the commun consists of the geological strates commonly encountered in the Paris Bassin ("o.b..") from the latter primary to the HoloceneHolocene
The Holocene is a geological epoch which began at the end of the Pleistocene and continues to the present. The Holocene is part of the Quaternary period. Its name comes from the Greek words and , meaning "entirely recent"...
. Only rare rocks and formations are, or have been accessible to humans. The oldest are of upper Cretaceous.
They are formed of marl
Marl
Marl or marlstone is a calcium carbonate or lime-rich mud or mudstone which contains variable amounts of clays and aragonite. Marl was originally an old term loosely applied to a variety of materials, most of which occur as loose, earthy deposits consisting chiefly of an intimate mixture of clay...
y chalk
Chalk
Chalk is a soft, white, porous sedimentary rock, a form of limestone composed of the mineral calcite. Calcite is calcium carbonate or CaCO3. It forms under reasonably deep marine conditions from the gradual accumulation of minute calcite plates shed from micro-organisms called coccolithophores....
exploited formerly in underground quarries, for a long time abandoned. We can see in the landscape, the old fallen down wells access and the cave-in
Cave-in
A cave-in is a collapse of a geologic formation, mine or structure which typically occurs during mining or tunneling. Geologic structures prone to cave-ins include alvar, tsingy and other limestone formations, but can also include lava tubes and a variety of other subsurface rock formations.In...
, locally known as bétous (or boitous): (bétoire s in the french version) (see left side, the geological map).
On the surface, we see in abundance in some areas of the commune sandstones of Cenozoic
Cenozoic
The Cenozoic era is the current and most recent of the three Phanerozoic geological eras and covers the period from 65.5 mya to the present. The era began in the wake of the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous that saw the demise of the last non-avian dinosaurs and...
age (see map) geological). They can grow to a plurimetric size. No fossil (macro or micro) have been observed. So their age may not be precisely specified. For some authors their appear to be sandstone
Sandstone
Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized minerals or rock grains.Most sandstone is composed of quartz and/or feldspar because these are the most common minerals in the Earth's crust. Like sand, sandstone may be any colour, but the most common colours are tan, brown, yellow,...
s of Paleocene
Paleocene
The Paleocene or Palaeocene, the "early recent", is a geologic epoch that lasted from about . It is the first epoch of the Palaeogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era...
age, such as those visible at the top of the surrounding chalk cliffs of Dieppe or the Tréport and nearly of Bosc Renoult for example. For another, their appear to be sandstone of Oligocène
Oligocene
The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 34 million to 23 million years before the present . As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the period are well identified but the exact dates of the start and end of the period are slightly...
age, such as those well known of the Fontainebleau
Fontainebleau
Fontainebleau is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. It is located south-southeast of the centre of Paris. Fontainebleau is a sub-prefecture of the Seine-et-Marne department, and it is the seat of the arrondissement of Fontainebleau...
forest
Forest
A forest, also referred to as a wood or the woods, is an area with a high density of trees. As with cities, depending where you are in the world, what is considered a forest may vary significantly in size and have various classification according to how and what of the forest is composed...
to the South of Paris or Séran mound in the French Vexin. From a scientific study, many thin blades have been cut to try to remove this ambiguity. They have only shown one cristallized charophyte oogone ( reproductive seaweed cells) (currently living in freshwater) not datable.
Around valleys we can observe heterogeneous rocks (flint, pure sandstone, more or less strongly ferruginated sandstone...), heterometric (centimetric to pluridecimetric), relatively well rolled.
This geological set reminds alluvium, inheritance of the passed valleys activity, with a relatively high current speed (such as the Charentonne
Charentonne
The Charentonne is a 63 km long river in Normandy, left tributary of the Risle. The river begins in pays d'Ouche , in the forest of Saint-Évroult, in the south of the Saint-Évroult-Notre-Dame-du-bois village and the ruins of the abbey where lived and died Orderic Vitalis .The river runs, in a...
today) (RS on the geological map).
The other parts of the commune is coated with limon(see geological map), not very thick compared to that we can encounter in the Lieuvin
Lieuvin
The Lieuvin is a plateau region in the western part of the Eure département in Normandy.The plateau consists of typical Norman bocage and is bounded by the Seine estuary to the north, the Risle valley to the east, the Charentonne valley to the south and, in the west, the Pays d'Auge which...
or in the Campagne d'Evreux. This layer provides a fertility relative to the ground of the commune.
By the of sandstone and cailloutis abundance, Landepereuse must not be a paradise for its first inhabitants: it was probably difficult to clear and cultivate its ground at a time when tractors doesn't exist and iron or at least metal tools were rare because to much expensiv.
By the finness of the limon, this commune was, before the advent of organic fertilizers, a land of extensive farms and survival food.
Therefore, geology is the origin of the landscape of this typical bocaged village of the Pays d'Ouche
Pays d'Ouche
The Pays d'Ouche is an historical and geographical region in Normandy. It extends from the southwest of Évreux up to Bernay and Beaumont-le-Roger as a northern limit, and down to L'Aigle and to Gacé in the south....
.
Limons, here of brown color, decalcified and clay concentrated by the paedogenesis (lehm) could however be used in this commun for brick
Brick
A brick is a block of ceramic material used in masonry construction, usually laid using various kinds of mortar. It has been regarded as one of the longest lasting and strongest building materials used throughout history.-History:...
s manufacture.