Ksani Saeristavo
Encyclopedia
Ksani Saeristavo was an administrative unit in feudal Georgia
. Originally, to Kksani Saeristavo
consisted of the Ksani
and two more small valleys. The remnants of settlements are found continuously dating back to Stone Age
. The settlements in that territory were more intensively developed during the late Bronze Age
and Classical antiquity
. During this period several centers existed (Sadzeguri, Khanchaeti, Aghaiani
). When Kingdom of Kartli
was established (III century B.C.) Ksani Ssaeristavo became part of the Shida Kartli
(inside kartli) Saeristavo.
In feudal period
Ksani Saeristavo consisted of two administrative entities: Ksniskhevi, with centre in Kvenifnevi and Tskhradzmiskhevi with centre in Largvisi. Tskhradzmiskhevi started to become dominant in the tenth century when it included gorges of Lekhura, Medjuda and upper side of the river Liakhvi. Saeristavo expended towards the south also. As a result of expending to the south, the residence was relocated from Largvisi to Kvenifnevi. According to Vakhushti
's references time of overrule of King Tamar
Kartli and Ksani were different Saeristavos. After irruption of Mongols
since the second half of the thirteenth century, dukes of Ksani were the Bibiluri family. In the fourteenth century Saeristavo included: Tskhradzma, Jamuri, Kharchokhi, Jurta, Kholoti, Isroliskhevi, Abazasdzeta, Truso, Ghuda, Gagasdzeni, Mleta, Arakhveti, Khando, Khanchaeti, Dzagnakora, Dighuami, Gavasi, Atseriskhevi, Bekhushe.
In the fifteenth century, the Saeristavo practically became a Satavado
(manorial).
Georgia (country)
Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...
. Originally, to Kksani Saeristavo
Saeristavo
Saeristavo , in historical and scientific literature with this term is defined territorial unit in old Georgia, which was ruled by Eristavi....
consisted of the Ksani
Ksani
Ksani is a small river in central Georgia, which rises on the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range in South Ossetia and flows into the Kura River. Ksani is often associated with the Medieval Georgian Ksani Fortress which lies close to the Ksani River....
and two more small valleys. The remnants of settlements are found continuously dating back to Stone Age
Stone Age
The Stone Age is a broad prehistoric period, lasting about 2.5 million years , during which humans and their predecessor species in the genus Homo, as well as the earlier partly contemporary genera Australopithecus and Paranthropus, widely used exclusively stone as their hard material in the...
. The settlements in that territory were more intensively developed during the late Bronze Age
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze as the chief hard materials in the manufacture of some implements and weapons. Chronologically, it stands between the Stone Age and Iron Age...
and Classical antiquity
Classical antiquity
Classical antiquity is a broad term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, collectively known as the Greco-Roman world...
. During this period several centers existed (Sadzeguri, Khanchaeti, Aghaiani
Aghaiani
Aghaiani is a village in Kaspi District, Shida Kartli, Georgia. It is located in Mukhrani plain, on the right bank of the river Ksani, at an altitude of 540 meters. It is 22 kilometers from Kaspi. According to 2002 census, 1716 people reside in the village....
). When Kingdom of Kartli
Kartli
Kartli is a historical region in central-to-eastern Georgia traversed by the river Mtkvari , on which Georgia's capital, Tbilisi, is situated. Known to the Classical authors as Iberia, Kartli played a crucial role in ethnic and political consolidation of the Georgians in the Middle Ages...
was established (III century B.C.) Ksani Ssaeristavo became part of the Shida Kartli
Shida Kartli
Shida Kartli is a region in Georgia. It consists of the following districts: Gori, Kaspi, Kareli, Java, Khashuri.The northern part of the region, namely Java, and northern territories of Kareli and Gori, is controlled by the authorities of the self-proclaimed republic of South Ossetia since...
(inside kartli) Saeristavo.
In feudal period
Feudalism
Feudalism was a set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries, which, broadly defined, was a system for ordering society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour.Although derived from the...
Ksani Saeristavo consisted of two administrative entities: Ksniskhevi, with centre in Kvenifnevi and Tskhradzmiskhevi with centre in Largvisi. Tskhradzmiskhevi started to become dominant in the tenth century when it included gorges of Lekhura, Medjuda and upper side of the river Liakhvi. Saeristavo expended towards the south also. As a result of expending to the south, the residence was relocated from Largvisi to Kvenifnevi. According to Vakhushti
Vakhushti
Vakhushti was a Georgian prince , geographer, historian and cartographer.- Life :A son of King Vakhtang VI of Kartli , he was born in Tbilisi, 1696...
's references time of overrule of King Tamar
Tamar of Georgia
Tamar , of the Bagrationi dynasty, was Queen Regnant of Georgia from 1184 to 1213. Tamar presided over the "Golden age" of the medieval Georgian monarchy...
Kartli and Ksani were different Saeristavos. After irruption of Mongols
Mongols
Mongols ) are a Central-East Asian ethnic group that lives mainly in the countries of Mongolia, China, and Russia. In China, ethnic Mongols can be found mainly in the central north region of China such as Inner Mongolia...
since the second half of the thirteenth century, dukes of Ksani were the Bibiluri family. In the fourteenth century Saeristavo included: Tskhradzma, Jamuri, Kharchokhi, Jurta, Kholoti, Isroliskhevi, Abazasdzeta, Truso, Ghuda, Gagasdzeni, Mleta, Arakhveti, Khando, Khanchaeti, Dzagnakora, Dighuami, Gavasi, Atseriskhevi, Bekhushe.
In the fifteenth century, the Saeristavo practically became a Satavado
Satavado
Satavado was a large feudal landholder and feudal hierarchy-political unit in XV-XVIII centuries in Georgia. Satavados were established in times of political and economical overthrow of Georgian Kingdom, by exploitation peasants and grooving immunity of feudal lords when they formed a new class of...
(manorial).