Krzysztof Komeda
Encyclopedia
Krzysztof Komeda was a Polish film music composer and jazz pianist. Perhaps best-known for his work in film score
Film score
A film score is original music written specifically to accompany a film, forming part of the film's soundtrack, which also usually includes dialogue and sound effects...

s, Komeda wrote the scores for Roman Polanski
Roman Polanski
Roman Polanski is a French-Polish film director, producer, writer and actor. Having made films in Poland, Britain, France and the USA, he is considered one of the few "truly international filmmakers."...

’s films Rosemary’s Baby
Rosemary's Baby (film)
Rosemary's Baby is a 1968 American horror film written and directed by Roman Polanski, based on the bestselling 1967 novel Rosemary's Baby by Ira Levin...

, The Fearless Vampire Killers
The Fearless Vampire Killers
The Fearless Vampire Killers is a 1967 comedy horror film directed by Roman Polanski, written by Gérard Brach and Polanski, produced by Gene Gutowski and co-starring Polanski with future wife Sharon Tate...

, Knife in the Water and Cul-de-sac. Komeda's album Astigmatic (1965) is widely regarded as one of the most important European jazz albums; critic Stuart Nicholson describes the album as "marking a shift away from the dominant American approach with the emergence of a specific European aesthetic."

Early life

Born Krzysztof Trzcinski, he used Komeda as a stage name
Stage name
A stage name, also called a showbiz name or screen name, is a pseudonym used by performers and entertainers such as actors, wrestlers, comedians, and musicians.-Motivation to use a stage name:...

 due to the Communist government's dislike of jazz. He grew up in Częstochowa
Czestochowa
Częstochowa is a city in south Poland on the Warta River with 240,027 inhabitants . It has been situated in the Silesian Voivodeship since 1999, and was previously the capital of Częstochowa Voivodeship...

, Ostrów Wielkopolski
Ostrów Wielkopolski
Ostrów Wielkopolski is a town in central Poland with 72,360 inhabitants , situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship; the seat of Ostrów Wielkopolski County.-History:Recently, a small fortified dwelling dating from the 10th century was discovered on the north-east side of...

 where he earned his A-level certificate in 1950 at the Male Gymnasium, participated in the Music and Poetry Club. After graduating from high school he entered the Medical Academy in Poznań
Poznan
Poznań is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, with a population of 556,022 in June 2009. It is among the oldest cities in Poland, and was one of the most important centres in the early Polish state, whose first rulers were buried at Poznań's cathedral. It is sometimes claimed to be...

 to study medicine. He finished six-year long studies and obtained a medical doctor diploma in 1956. He chose to specialize as an otolaryngology
Otolaryngology
Otolaryngology or ENT is the branch of medicine and surgery that specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of ear, nose, throat, and head and neck disorders....

 physician.

He took music lessons from early childhood; to become a renowned virtuoso was his dream. He became the member of the Poznań conservatoire at the age of eight, but unfortunately, the war thwarted his plans. Komeda explored the theory of music, and learned to play piano, during this period and later, until 1950; however, he was aware of the loss of the past six years.
Komeda was interested in light and dance music. He met Witold Kujawski, the graduate of the same school and already a well-known swinging bass player, at the gymnasium (high school) in Ostrów Wielkopolski. It was Kujawski who acquainted Komeda-Trzciński with jazz, and took him to Kraków
Kraków
Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...

. The romantic period of Polish jazz, called the catacombs, had its day in the spotlight, concert publicity did not exist then. Jam-sessions, in which participated such famous musicians as Matuszkiewicz, Borowiec, Walasek and Kujawski himself, took place in the legendary, small Witold’s apartment in Kraków.

Some years later, it became clear why Komeda was fascinated with be-bop performed by Andrzej Trzaskowski
Andrzej Trzaskowski
Andrzej Trzaskowski was an eminent Polish composer and jazz musician who, between 1959 and 1990, composed the music and/or conducted the score for some thirty films....

. The fascination with jazz and the friendship with famous musicians strengthened the connections of Krzysztof Trzciński with music, even though he was a doctor by profession. He worked for some time with the first, postwar, pioneer Polish jazz band, a group called Melomani that was from Kraków and Łódź, and which mainstays were Matuszkiewicz, Trzaskowski and Kujawski.

Later on, he played with various pop groups from Poznań. One of them was Jerzy Grzewiński’s group, which soon transformed into dixieland band. Komeda appeared with Grzewiński on the I Jazz Festival in Sopot
Sopot
Sopot is a seaside town in Eastern Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in northern Poland, with a population of approximately 40,000....

 during August 1956, but he achieved success performing with saxophonist Jan Ptaszyn Wróblewski
Jan Ptaszyn Wróblewski
Jan "Ptaszyn" Wróblewski is a Polish composer and tenor saxophonist most linked to jazz.He began his musical career in 1956 at Polish festivals. He went on to tour around the world and for a decade, starting in 1958, he directed the Polish Radio Jazz Studio...

 and vibraphonist Jerzy Milian. The reason for that was simple: dixieland did not meet Komeda’s expectations at the time. He was most fascinated with modern jazz. Thanks to this passion, the Komeda Sextet was created. Krzysztof Trzciński used the stage name 'Komeda' for the first time when he worked at a laryngological clinic, and wanted to conceal his interest in jazz from co-workers. Jazz was beginning its struggle for respectability with the communist authorities in the era of 'the thaw' and Polish society also; it was regarded as a cheap suspicious music from night clubs.

The Komeda Sextet became the first Polish jazz group playing modern jazz, and its pioneering performances opened the way for jazz in Poland. He played jazz that related to European traditions and which was the synthesis of two most popular groups at those times: The Modern Jazz Quartet
Modern Jazz Quartet
The Modern Jazz Quartet was established in 1952 by Milt Jackson , John Lewis , Percy Heath , and Kenny Clarke . Connie Kay replaced Clarke in 1955...

 and the Gerry Mulligan
Gerry Mulligan
Gerald Joseph "Gerry" Mulligan was an American jazz saxophonist, clarinetist, composer and arranger. Though Mulligan is primarily known as one of the leading baritone saxophonists in jazz history – playing the instrument with a light and airy tone in the era of cool jazz – he was also...

 Quartet.

During thirteen years that passed after the I Sopot Jazz Festival, the artistic personality of Krzysztof Trzciński became more mature, crystallized and lyrically poetic. Krzysztof was, above all, a constantly searching poet and he could find ways of individual expression of jazz inside himself, in Slavic lyricism, and in the traditions of Polish music. He excelled at creating a poetic atmosphere, and knew better than many others how to reach wide audiences. His music has an unmistakable style and its own, unique tone.

Into the 1960s

In years 1956–1962, Komeda with his group took part in other domestic festivals always preparing very ambitious programs. Those were also the years of first foreign successes: in Moscow, Grenoble and Paris. The interesting show was created at that time; it was called "Jazz and Poetry" and shown on Jazz Jamboree ’60, and later in Warsaw Philharmonic. Krzysztof Trzciński’s adventure with film music also begun. Scores for the films of Roman Polanski
Roman Polanski
Roman Polanski is a French-Polish film director, producer, writer and actor. Having made films in Poland, Britain, France and the USA, he is considered one of the few "truly international filmmakers."...

 such as Knife in the Water
Knife in the Water (film)
Knife in the Water is a 1962 Polish drama film directed by Roman Polański. It is Polanski's first feature film, featuring three characters in a story of rivalry and sexual tension.-Plot:...

(1962), of Andrzej Wajda
Andrzej Wajda
Andrzej Wajda is a Polish film director. Recipient of an honorary Oscar, he is possibly the most prominent member of the unofficial "Polish Film School"...

 such as Innocent Sorcerers (1960), and of Janusz Morgerstern Good Bye, Till Tomorrow (also 1960) were created. The period, which in Komeda’s artistic biography can be called the period of growing up and improving his own music language, was crowned with "Ballet Etudes" performed on Jazz Jamboree ’62. Although the reaction of domestic critics for the Etudes was rather cold, it opened the door of Europe for Krzysztof Komeda Trzciński.

Komeda visited Scandinavia for the first time in spring 1960, and he came back there since then every year. All of his performances at the ‘Gyllene Cirkeln’ (Golden Circle) in Stockholm and at the Montmartre Jazz Club in Copenhagen, where the most famous celebrities of American jazz performed, turned out to be a real success. Metronome, the Swedish record company recorded his music played by an international quintet: Allan Botschinsky (trumpet), Jan "Ptaszyn" Wróblewski (tenor saxophone), Krzysztof Komeda (piano), Roman Dyląg (stage name: Gucio; contrabass) and Rune Carlsson (percussion). The famous Danish director Hennig Carlsen ordered music to his movies: Hvad Med Os, and Sult
Hunger (1966 film)
Hunger , is a 1966 black-and-white drama film directed by Denmark's Henning Carlsen, starring Swedish actor Per Oscarsson, and based upon the novel Hunger by Norwegian Nobel Prize-winning author Knut Hamsun...

(the movie based on Knut Hamsun
Knut Hamsun
Knut Hamsun was a Norwegian author, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1920. He was praised by King Haakon VII of Norway as Norway's soul....

’s novel Hunger). Komeda also wrote the music to Tom Segerberg's movie Kattorna and several Polański scores. Overall Komeda wrote more than 70 soundtracks. After successes in Scandinavia, came next successes: jazz festivals in Prague, Blend, Koenigsberg; toure of Bulgaria and both West and East Germany. The Komeda Quartet (Tomasz Stańko
Tomasz Stanko
Tomasz Stańko is a Polish trumpeter, composer and improviser. Often recording for ECM, Stańko is strongly associated with free jazz and the avant-garde....

 (trumpet), Roman Dyląg (bass), Rune Carlsson (percussion), and Zbigniew Namysłowski (saxophone)) recorded in May 1967 ‘Lirik und Jazz’ for the West Germany record company Electrola
Electrola
Electrola was a record label founded in Berlin in 1925 by the Gramophone Company. In March 1931 Electrola, along with its parent label and Carl Lindström Company parent Columbia Graphophone Company, merged to form the Electric & Musical Industries Ltd. . The German EMI unit was first called...

. Komeda stayed in Los Angeles in 1968 where he composed film music for Roman Polanski
Roman Polanski
Roman Polanski is a French-Polish film director, producer, writer and actor. Having made films in Poland, Britain, France and the USA, he is considered one of the few "truly international filmmakers."...

’s Rosemary’s Baby
Rosemary's Baby (film)
Rosemary's Baby is a 1968 American horror film written and directed by Roman Polanski, based on the bestselling 1967 novel Rosemary's Baby by Ira Levin...

and Kulik’s The Riot.

In December 1968, in Los Angeles, Komeda had a tragic accident which led to a haematoma of the brain. There are several accounts of what happened: a car accident in the autumn of 1968, or that he was pushed off an escarpment by writer Marek Hłasko during a drinking party. After having been transported home to Poland, he died as a result of wrong treatment of the haematoma. Roman Polański mentioned in his memoirs that as a result of friendly rough-and-tumble with Marek Hłasko, Komeda fell down and suffered head injuries. It is believed that one of the main reasons Krzysztof was transported back to Poland after the accident, is that he did not have US medical insurance. Though the dubious cause of the accident and subsequent travel back to Poland may explain why US medical treatment was not pursued.

As a jazz musician, he exerted crucial influence on creating an original style, often described as the Polish school of jazz, which subsequently influenced the Polish jazz scene's development after his death. Since 1995, the Komeda Jazz Festival
Komeda Jazz Festival
The Komeda Jazz Festival and the Krzysztof Komeda Composers Competition has been held in Słupsk, Poland each November since 1995. The festival and the competition is dedicated to the memory of the Polish musician Krzysztof Komeda....

 has been held on a regular basis, including an International Composers' Competition. The goal of the competition is to promote young artists.

Albums

  • I Sopot Jazz Festival 1956 (Muza)
  • Crazy Girl (1962, Muza)
  • Etiudy Baletowe (1963, Metronome)
  • Ballet Etudes
  • Jazz Jamboree'64 vol. 2 (1964, Muza)
  • Astigmatic (1966 - Muza)
  • Le Depart (1966, Philips)
  • Meine Süsse Europaische Heimat (1966, Electrola/Columbia)
  • Cul-De-Sac (1966, Polydor)
  • Rosemary's Baby (1968, Paramount)
  • The Riot (1968)

Compilations

  • Muzyka Krzysztofa Komedy vol. 1-4 (1974 - Muza)
  • Krzysztof Komeda (1989, Muza)
  • The Complete Recordings of Krzysztof Komeda vol. 1-23 (1994-98 Polonia Records)
  • Genius of Krzysztof Komeda vol. 1-14 (1996-2005 Power Bros)
  • Zofia Komeda Presents vol. 1-14 (1998–2005, Power Bros)

Appeared on

  • I Sopot Jazz Festival 1956 (Muza)
  • Jazz Believers (1958, RCA Victor)
  • Jazz Jamboree'60 nr. 4 (1960, Muza)
  • Jazz Jamboree'60 nr. 1 (1961, Muza)
  • Jazz Jamboree'60 nr. 2 (1961, Muza)
  • Jazz Jamboree'60 nr. 4 (1961, Muza) reedition
  • Jazz Greetings From The East (1964, Fontana)

Film scores

  • Dwaj ludzie z szafa (1958) aka Two Men and a Wardrobe
    Two Men and a Wardrobe
    Two Men and a Wardrobe is a short Polish black and white silent movie directed by Roman Polański.- Plot :The film features two men, played by Jakub Goldberg and Henryk Kluba, who emerge from the sea carrying a large wardrobe, which they proceed to carry into a town...

  • Gdy spadaja anioly
    Gdy spadaja anioly
    When Angels Fall, or Gdy spadają anioły, is a short film written and directed by Roman Polański in 1959. The idea for the film was taken from a short story "Klozet Babcia" , written by Leszek Szymański and published in the weekly "Kierunki" in Warsaw, Poland...

    (1959) aka When Angels Fall
  • Szklana gora
    Szklana Góra
    Szklana Góra is a settlement in the administrative district of Gmina Przywidz, within Gdańsk County, Pomeranian Voivodeship, in northern Poland...

    (1960) aka The Glass Mountain
  • Do widzenia, do jutra (1960) aka Good Bye, Till Tomorrow
  • Niewinni czarodzieje (1960) aka Innocent Sorcerers
  • Gros et le maigre, Le
    Gros et le maigre, Le
    Le Gros et le maigre is a short silent, comic film written and directed by Roman Polanski in 1961. Polanski shot this short film just after graduating from The National Film School in Łódź in 1959; it was made in France and was Polanski's last film before the international breakthrough of his...

    (1961) aka The Fat and the Lean
  • Cmentarz Remu (1961)
  • Wyrok (1962) aka The Verdict
  • Ssaki
    Ssaki
    Ssaki was a short film written and directed by Roman Polański in 1961. This was the last of Roman Polański's short films before he began work on his first feature, Nóż w wodzie. the film received awards at Oberhausen and Melbourne.-External links:*...

    (1962) aka Mammals (USA)
  • Nóz w wodzie
    Knife in the Water (film)
    Knife in the Water is a 1962 Polish drama film directed by Roman Polański. It is Polanski's first feature film, featuring three characters in a story of rivalry and sexual tension.-Plot:...

    (1962) aka Knife in the Water
  • Jutro premiera (1962) aka Opening Tomorrow
  • Zbrodniarz i panna (1963) aka The Criminal and the Lady
  • Smarkula (1963) aka Teenager
  • Hvad med os? (1963) aka Epilogue
  • Plus belles escroqueries du monde, Les (1964)(segment "La Rivière des Diamants") aka World's Greatest Swindles
  • Kattorna (1965) aka The Cats (USA)
  • Pingwin (1965) aka Penguin
  • Prawo i piesc
    Prawo i pięść
    Prawo i pięść is a Polish 1964 drama film directed by Jerzy Hoffman and Edward Skórzewski. Based on a novel by Józef Hen, the film achieved cult status in the history of Polish cinema.The film is set in 1945, immediately after the end of World War II...

    (1966) aka The Law and the Fist
  • Cul-de-sac (1966)
  • Markiza de Pompadour (1966)
  • Przedswiateczny wieczor (1966) aka Evening Before Christmas
  • Perly i dukaty (1966)
  • Ping-pong (1966)
  • Niekochana (1966) aka Unloved
  • Sult
    Hunger (1966 film)
    Hunger , is a 1966 black-and-white drama film directed by Denmark's Henning Carlsen, starring Swedish actor Per Oscarsson, and based upon the novel Hunger by Norwegian Nobel Prize-winning author Knut Hamsun...

    (1966) aka Hunger
    Hunger (1966 film)
    Hunger , is a 1966 black-and-white drama film directed by Denmark's Henning Carlsen, starring Swedish actor Per Oscarsson, and based upon the novel Hunger by Norwegian Nobel Prize-winning author Knut Hamsun...

  • Bariera (1966) aka Barrier
  • The Fearless Vampire Killers: Vampires 101 (1967)
  • The Fearless Vampire Killers
    The Fearless Vampire Killers
    The Fearless Vampire Killers is a 1967 comedy horror film directed by Roman Polanski, written by Gérard Brach and Polanski, produced by Gene Gutowski and co-starring Polanski with future wife Sharon Tate...

    (1967)
  • Départ, Le (1967)
  • Människor möts och ljuv musik uppstår i hjärtat (1967) aka People Meet
  • Mia and Roman
    Mia and Roman
    Mia and Roman is a 1968 23-minute documentary film which was shot during the making of Rosemary's Baby. The title refers to Mia Farrow and Roman Polanski.The film features footage of Roman Polanski directing the film's cast on set...

    (1968)
  • Rosemary's Baby
    Rosemary's Baby (film)
    Rosemary's Baby is a 1968 American horror film written and directed by Roman Polanski, based on the bestselling 1967 novel Rosemary's Baby by Ira Levin...

    (1968)
  • Riot(movie) (1969)
  • Hør, var der ikke en som lo? (1978) aka Did Somebody Laugh?
  • Rece do góry
    Ręce do góry
    Ręce do góry is a Polish drama film directed by Jerzy Skolimowski. It is the fourth of a series of semi-autobiographical films in which Skolimowski himself plays his alter ego, Andrzej Leszczyc.The film was originally made in 1967 in monochrome...

    (1981) aka Hands Up!
  • The Kid Stays in the Picture
    The Kid Stays in the Picture
    The Kid Stays in the Picture is the name of a 1994 autobiography by film producer Robert Evans. It is also the name of a 2002 film adaptation of the book directed by Nanette Burstein and Brett Morgen and released by Focus Features and USA Pictures...

    (2002) (from "Rosemary's Baby" and "Lullaby")
  • Lodz plynie dalej (2004)

External links

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