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Kholmsk is a town
Types of settlements in Russia

The classification system of the types of Human settlement in Russia, the former Soviet Union, and some other post-Soviet states has certain peculiarities compared to the classification systems in other countries....
 in Sakhalin Oblast
Sakhalin Oblast

Sakhalin Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia comprising the island of Sakhalin and Kuril Islands.The oblast has an area of 87,100 km? and a population of 546,695 ....
, Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
, the administrative center of Kholmsky District. Population: 35,141 (2002 Census
Russian Census (2002)

Russian Census of 2002 was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Goskomstat ....
).

town was founded in 1870 as a military post. After the Russo-Japanese War
Russo-Japanese War

The Russo-Japanese War or the Manchurian Campaign in some English sources, was a conflict that grew out of the rival imperialism ambitions of the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over Manchuria and Korea....
 of 1904-05, the town was transferred to Japanese control, along with the rest of southern Sakhalin, under the Treaty of Portsmouth
Treaty of Portsmouth

The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War.It was signed on September 5, 1905 after negotiations at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard near Portsmouth, New Hampshire in the United States....
. The Japanese renamed the town Maoka, translating roughly as True Hill.

The Red Army
Red Army

The Red Army was the armed force first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918 and, in 1922, became the army of the Soviet Union....
 retook the whole of Sakhalin at the end of the Second World War, with the town receiving its present name Kholmsk in 1946.






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Kholmsk is a town
Types of settlements in Russia

The classification system of the types of Human settlement in Russia, the former Soviet Union, and some other post-Soviet states has certain peculiarities compared to the classification systems in other countries....
 in Sakhalin Oblast
Sakhalin Oblast

Sakhalin Oblast is a federal subjects of Russia of Russia comprising the island of Sakhalin and Kuril Islands.The oblast has an area of 87,100 km? and a population of 546,695 ....
, Russia
Russia

Russia , or the Russian Federation , is a list of countries spanning more than one continent country extending over much of northern Eurasia....
, the administrative center of Kholmsky District. Population: 35,141 (2002 Census
Russian Census (2002)

Russian Census of 2002 was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Goskomstat ....
).

History

The town was founded in 1870 as a military post. After the Russo-Japanese War
Russo-Japanese War

The Russo-Japanese War or the Manchurian Campaign in some English sources, was a conflict that grew out of the rival imperialism ambitions of the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over Manchuria and Korea....
 of 1904-05, the town was transferred to Japanese control, along with the rest of southern Sakhalin, under the Treaty of Portsmouth
Treaty of Portsmouth

The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War.It was signed on September 5, 1905 after negotiations at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard near Portsmouth, New Hampshire in the United States....
. The Japanese renamed the town Maoka, translating roughly as True Hill.

The Red Army
Red Army

The Red Army was the armed force first organized by the Bolsheviks during the Russian Civil War in 1918 and, in 1922, became the army of the Soviet Union....
 retook the whole of Sakhalin at the end of the Second World War, with the town receiving its present name Kholmsk in 1946. The name is derived from the Russian word Kholm for hill, referring to the town's location on the hillside surrounding the harbour.

As with a number of cities in the Russian Far East
Russian Far East

Russian Far East is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i.e., extreme east parts of Russia, between Siberia and the Pacific Ocean....
, Kholmsk has seen a large drop in population since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the economic crisis which followed in the 1990s, with a 1989 population of over 50,000 now reduced to an estimated population of just over 31,000 in 2006.

Economy and infrastructure

Kholmsk is an important port for the island of Sakhalin. Since 1973, it has been the Sakhalin terminal of a train ferry
Train ferry

A train ferry is a ship designed to carry Rail transport vehicles. Typically, one level of the ship is fitted with rail tracks, and the vessel has a door at the front and/or rear to give access to the wharves....
 to the port of Vanino
Vanino

Vanino may refer to:*Vanino, Khabarovsk Krai, an urban-type settlement in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia*Vanino, Kirov Oblast, a village in Kirov Oblast, Russia...
 on the Russian mainland, connecting the mainline rail network with that of the island. Since Sakhalin railways use the Japanese gauge of , the railcars coming from the Russian mainland have their bogies changed
Bogie exchange

Bogie exchange is a system for operating Railroad car on Gauge conversion to overcome difference in the rail gauge. It is generally limited to Railroad car#Freight cars and Railroad car#Passenger cars, though Locomotive can be exchanged if more time is available....
 in Kholmsk.

Sister cities

  • Ansan
    Ansan

    Ansan is a Administrative divisions of South Korea in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. It lies south of Seoul, and is part of the Seoul National Capital Area....
    , South Korea
    South Korea

    South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea , ), often referred to as Korea and the "names of Korea#Revival of the names", is a Semi-presidential system republic in East Asia, located in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula....
    .
  • Kushiro City, Japan
    Japan

    Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, People's Republic of China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south....
    . (since 1975)


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