Khanileh
Encyclopedia
Khanileh is a small village located 6 km to SW of Ravansar
and ca. 56 km to NW of Kermanshah
, in Western Iran. It lies at southern slopes of the hilly range of Salakan and it has a commanding view on the Gomeshter (Garaw) plain. Salakan is a part of radiolarian belt and has numerous springs outlets on its northern and southern slopes. The presence of these springs and commanding view of Khanileh over the plain attracted prehistoric people to the area since the Chalcolithic period and the early occupations continued to the Bronze and Iron Ages. The remains of these early occupations are visible on an ancient mound at west of the village and an ancient cemetery of Iron Age
period in the village itself. TL dating of a number of sherds from western mound has revealed two groups of dates: fourth mill bc. and first mill. bc. There is a low mound with Parthian
occupation remains at south of the village called Tapa Bawa. These sites were surveyed in 1986 and 2006 that led to discovery a number of sherds and lithic artifacts. Presence of Islamic age potsherds indicates that the village was an occupation site during this period.
Khanileh was the center of a group of Qaderiya, a Kurdish Sufi order, whose leader Shaikh Hadi Hashemi, was settled there between late 1950’s to early 1970’s. His father, Shaikh Mohammad Hashemi (Zada nakhwar) was from Dolaw village, one of the traditional centers of Qaderiyas sufi order at southeast of Sanandaj. He came to Khanileh with a group of his deputies or Khalifas and dervishes or initiates. The agricultural lands around the village gradually became the private property of the Shaikh family. His son, who became a landlord, made a large brick house that was mainly a manor house and in same time a Khanagha or meetinghouse for his Khalifas and dervishes. The Khanileh peasants who owned no land became shepherds and laborers of the Shaikh. His continued pressure on poor local peasants was weakened by the 1960s Land Reform and finally Islamic revolution 1978 forced him to migrate to Iraq and finally to Britain. He died in London but his body was taken back to Iran, and buried in Dolaw. The village was abandoned in early 1970’s but after revolution, the new government helped peasants to cultivate the agricultural lands and a number of families who had migrated to Rawansar returned to Khanileh and settled there.
Ravansar
-See also:*Dekhmeh Rawansar*Khanileh*Jaff tribe*Ardalan*Javanroud*Paveh...
and ca. 56 km to NW of Kermanshah
Kermanshah
Kermanshah is a city in and the capital of Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 784,602, in 198,117 families.The overwhelming majority of Kermanshahi people are Shi'a Muslims...
, in Western Iran. It lies at southern slopes of the hilly range of Salakan and it has a commanding view on the Gomeshter (Garaw) plain. Salakan is a part of radiolarian belt and has numerous springs outlets on its northern and southern slopes. The presence of these springs and commanding view of Khanileh over the plain attracted prehistoric people to the area since the Chalcolithic period and the early occupations continued to the Bronze and Iron Ages. The remains of these early occupations are visible on an ancient mound at west of the village and an ancient cemetery of Iron Age
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the archaeological period generally occurring after the Bronze Age, marked by the prevalent use of iron. The early period of the age is characterized by the widespread use of iron or steel. The adoption of such material coincided with other changes in society, including differing...
period in the village itself. TL dating of a number of sherds from western mound has revealed two groups of dates: fourth mill bc. and first mill. bc. There is a low mound with Parthian
Parthia
Parthia is a region of north-eastern Iran, best known for having been the political and cultural base of the Arsacid dynasty, rulers of the Parthian Empire....
occupation remains at south of the village called Tapa Bawa. These sites were surveyed in 1986 and 2006 that led to discovery a number of sherds and lithic artifacts. Presence of Islamic age potsherds indicates that the village was an occupation site during this period.
Khanileh was the center of a group of Qaderiya, a Kurdish Sufi order, whose leader Shaikh Hadi Hashemi, was settled there between late 1950’s to early 1970’s. His father, Shaikh Mohammad Hashemi (Zada nakhwar) was from Dolaw village, one of the traditional centers of Qaderiyas sufi order at southeast of Sanandaj. He came to Khanileh with a group of his deputies or Khalifas and dervishes or initiates. The agricultural lands around the village gradually became the private property of the Shaikh family. His son, who became a landlord, made a large brick house that was mainly a manor house and in same time a Khanagha or meetinghouse for his Khalifas and dervishes. The Khanileh peasants who owned no land became shepherds and laborers of the Shaikh. His continued pressure on poor local peasants was weakened by the 1960s Land Reform and finally Islamic revolution 1978 forced him to migrate to Iraq and finally to Britain. He died in London but his body was taken back to Iran, and buried in Dolaw. The village was abandoned in early 1970’s but after revolution, the new government helped peasants to cultivate the agricultural lands and a number of families who had migrated to Rawansar returned to Khanileh and settled there.