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The Kannada grammar is primarily based on Keshiraja's Shabdamanidarpana
Shabdamanidarpana

Shabhamanidarpana , also spelled Sabdama?idarpa?a, is a comprehensive and authoritative work on Kannada grammar authored by Kesiraja in 1260 CE....
 (c. 1260 AD) which provides the fullest systematic exposition of Kannada language
Kannada language

Kannada is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state of Karnataka. Kannada, whose native speakers are called Kannadigas , number roughly 35 million, making it the 27th most spoken language in the world....
. The earlier grammatical works include portions of Kavirajamarga
Kavirajamarga

Kavirajamarga is the earliest available writing on rhetoric, poetics and grammar in the Kannada language. It was written by the famous Rashtrakuta King "Nripatunga" Amoghavarsha I and is based partly on an earlier Sanskrit writing, Kavyadarsa....
 (a treatise on alankara) of 9th century, Kavyavalokana and Karnatakabhashabhushana both authored by Nagavarma II
Nagavarma II

Nagavarma II was a Kannada language scholar and grammarian of the 11th or 12th century Western Chalukya court centred in Basavakalyan, modern Karnataka state, India....
 in first half of the 12th century.

Various grammatical aspects of Kannada include, tatsama–tadbhava, vibhakti pratyaya, kala (tense-forms), linga (gender-forms), sandhi, samasa, chandassu, alankara; and different poetrical metres such as vritta, tripadi
Tripadi

Tripadi is a Meter in the Kannada language dating back to c. 700 CE....
, kanda (also called, choupadi or chaturpadi), shatpadi, sangatya and others.


ound bases, called as samasa in Kannada, are a set of two or more words compounded together.






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The Kannada grammar is primarily based on Keshiraja's Shabdamanidarpana
Shabdamanidarpana

Shabhamanidarpana , also spelled Sabdama?idarpa?a, is a comprehensive and authoritative work on Kannada grammar authored by Kesiraja in 1260 CE....
 (c. 1260 AD) which provides the fullest systematic exposition of Kannada language
Kannada language

Kannada is one of the major Dravidian languages of India, spoken predominantly in the state of Karnataka. Kannada, whose native speakers are called Kannadigas , number roughly 35 million, making it the 27th most spoken language in the world....
. The earlier grammatical works include portions of Kavirajamarga
Kavirajamarga

Kavirajamarga is the earliest available writing on rhetoric, poetics and grammar in the Kannada language. It was written by the famous Rashtrakuta King "Nripatunga" Amoghavarsha I and is based partly on an earlier Sanskrit writing, Kavyadarsa....
 (a treatise on alankara) of 9th century, Kavyavalokana and Karnatakabhashabhushana both authored by Nagavarma II
Nagavarma II

Nagavarma II was a Kannada language scholar and grammarian of the 11th or 12th century Western Chalukya court centred in Basavakalyan, modern Karnataka state, India....
 in first half of the 12th century.

Various grammatical aspects of Kannada include, tatsama–tadbhava, vibhakti pratyaya, kala (tense-forms), linga (gender-forms), sandhi, samasa, chandassu, alankara; and different poetrical metres such as vritta, tripadi
Tripadi

Tripadi is a Meter in the Kannada language dating back to c. 700 CE....
, kanda (also called, choupadi or chaturpadi), shatpadi, sangatya and others.

Terminologies

  • Word - pada or shabda
  • Letter - akshara
  • Vowel - swara
  • Consonant - vyanjana
  • Noun - namapada
  • Verb - kriyapada
  • Pronoun - sarvanama
  • Adjective - gu?avachaka
  • Sentence - saalu / vaakya
  • Case termination - vibhakti
  • Verbal theme - dhatu
  • Gender - linga
  • Numeral - anki


Compound bases

Compound bases, called as samasa in Kannada, are a set of two or more words compounded together. There are several types of compound bases, based on the rules followed for compounding. Eg: tangaaLi, hemmara, immadi

Genders

According to Kesiraja
Kesiraja

Kesiraja, also spelled Keshiraja, was a 13th century Kannada language grammarian and a poet. He is particularly known for authoring Shabdamanidarpana, an authoritative work on Kannada grammar....
's Shabdamanidarpana
Shabdamanidarpana

Shabhamanidarpana , also spelled Sabdama?idarpa?a, is a comprehensive and authoritative work on Kannada grammar authored by Kesiraja in 1260 CE....
, there are 9 gender forms in Kannada. However, in modern Kannada literature
Modern Kannada literature

Modern Kannada literature refers to the body of literature written in the Kannada language, a language spoken mainly in the Indian state of Karnataka....
, only three gender forms are in practice; Masculine, Feminine and Neuter. Masculine Words that denote male
Malé

Mal? , population 104,403 , is the Capital , the largest city in terms of population, and the name of an island in the Maldives. It is located at the southern edge of North Male' Atoll Kaafu Atoll....
s, are considered as masculine gender.
  • Eg: Shiva
    Shiva

    Shiva: is a major Hinduism god, and one aspect of Trimurti. In the Shaiva tradition of Hinduism, Shiva is seen as the supreme God. In the Smarta tradition, he is one of panchadeva....
     , Bhima
    Bhima

    In the Mahabharata, Bhima was the second of the Pandava brothers. He was son of Kunti by Vayu, but like the other brothers, he was acknowledged son by Pandu ....
    , Rama
    RAMA

    Rama is a first-person adventure game developed and published by Sierra Entertainment in 1996. The game is based on Arthur C. Clarke's books Rendezvous with Rama and Rama II and supports both DOS and Microsoft Windows 95....
    , King
    King

    King is a title for a head of state.King may also refer to:...
     - arasa


Feminine Words that denote female
Female

Female is the sex of an organism, or a part of an organism, which produces mobile ovum . The ova are defined as the larger gametes in a heterogamous reproduction system, while the smaller, usually motile gamete, the spermatozoon, is produced by the male....
s, are considered as feminine gender.
  • Eg: Parvati
    Parvati

    Parvati , sometimes spelled Parvathi or Parvathy, is a Hinduism Devi. Parvati is also regarded as a representation of Shakti, albeit the gentle aspect of that goddess because she is a mother goddess....
     (???????), Lakshmi
    Lakshmi

    Lakshmi is the Hindu goddess of wealth, prosperity, purity, and generosity; and the embodiment of beauty, grace and charm. Representations of Lakshmi are found also in Jainism and Buddhist monuments, with the earliest archeological representation found in Buddhist monuments....
     (???????), Saraswati
    Saraswati

    Hindus believe that Saraswati is the Devi of knowledge, music and the arts. Saraswati has been identified with the Vedic period Saraswati River....
     (???????), Amma
    Amma

    Amma has several meanings:As a name:*Amma means mother in Tamil language, Konkani, Telugu language, Kannada language, Sinhalese language, Bengali language, Malayalam language, Korean language, Basque language and some Sino-Tibetan languages...


Neuter All the words that do not belong to either of the above two genders, are considered as neuter gender.
  • Eg: Love
    Love

    Love is any of a number of emotions and experiences related to a sense of strong affection and attachment . The word wikt:en:love can refer to a variety of different feelings, states, and attitudes, ranging from generic pleasure to intense interpersonal attraction....
    , World
    World

    World is a common name for the planet Earth seen from a human worldview, as a place inhabited by human beings. It is often used to signify the sum of human experience and history, or the 'human condition' in general....
    , Tree
    TREE

    TREE was a Boston hardcore punk band formed in the summer of 1990. They were active in the Boston music scene until disbanding in 2002....
    , Bear
    Bear

    Bears are mammals of the family Ursidae. Bears are classified as caniforms, or doglike carnivorans, with the pinnipeds being their closest living relatives....
    , River
    River

    A river is a natural stream of water, usually freshwater, flowing toward an ocean, a lake, or another stream. In some cases a river flows into the ground or dries up completely before reaching another body of water....