Kallern
Encyclopedia
Kallern is a municipality in the district of Muri District in the canton
of Aargau
in Switzerland
.
, the major landowners in Kallern were Muri Abbey
and Hilfikon
. After 1415, the village belonged to Muri
. Then, after 1435 it belonged to the district of Boswil
in the Freie Ämter. Under the Helvetic Republic
it was part of the Canton of Baden
. Kallern, Ober- and Unterhöll and Uezwil formed a collective community. Niesenberg was connected to Bettwil. The Act of Mediation
in 1803 led to the current community. In 1962, a chapel was built in Oberniesenberg, and in 1975 a school and multipurpose room were finished. In 1969, electric street lights came to the village and in 1970, a central water supply was added. In 1980 Hinterbühl was developed as a residential area, and in 1984 it was connected to the sewage treatment plant at Bünzen. In 2000 a quarter of the economically active population worked in agriculture and two thirds were commuters. At the beginning of the 21st Century Kallern possessed neither public transportation or shops.
Kallern, except for the hamlet of Oberniesenberg, belongs to the parish
of Boswil-Kellern.
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 4.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 4.5%. Out of the forested land, 11.6% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.9% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 42.9% is used for growing crops and 32.1% is pastures, while 2.6% is used for orchards or vine crops.
The municipality is located in the Muri district, on the eastern slope of the Lindenberg. It consists of the hamlets
of Kallern, Bugler, Hinterbühl, Unter-, Hinter- and Oberniesenberg as well as the farm houses of Unter- and Oberhöll, Husmatten and Badhof and other scattered individual houses.
of the municipal coat of arms
is Azure two Keys Argent in Saltire and in chief a Nail of the same.
(95.5%), with English
being second most common ( 1.9%) and Italian
being third ( 0.8%).
The age distribution, , in Kallern is; 39 children or 12.3% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 33 teenagers or 10.4% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 38 people or 12.0% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 45 people or 14.2% are between 30 and 39, 58 people or 18.4% are between 40 and 49, and 53 people or 16.8% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 25 people or 7.9% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 15 people or 4.7% are between 70 and 79, there are 9 people or 2.8% who are between 80 and 89,and there is 1 person who is between 90 and older.
the average number of residents per living room was 0.59 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.57 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 80.5% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
or a rent-to-own agreement).
, there were 3 homes with 1 or 2 persons in the household, 22 homes with 3 or 4 persons in the household, and 57 homes with 5 or more persons in the household. , there were 84 private households (homes and apartments) in the municipality, and an average of 3.1 persons per household. there were 75 single family homes (or 64.7% of the total) out of a total of 116 homes and apartments. There were a total of 2 empty apartments for a 1.7% vacancy rate. , the construction rate of new housing units was 6.4 new units per 1000 residents.
In the 2007 federal election
the most popular party was the SVP
which received 47.1% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP
(18.7%), the SP
(10%) and the Green Party
(8.4%).
The historical population is given in the following table:
.
there were 142 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 96 or about 67.6% of the residents worked outside Kallern while 13 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 59 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 6.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 47.3% used a private car.
.
). Of the school age population , there are 23 students attending primary school in the municipality.
Cantons of Switzerland
The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the federal state of Switzerland. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own borders, army and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848...
of Aargau
Aargau
Aargau is one of the more northerly cantons of Switzerland. It comprises the lower course of the river Aare, which is why the canton is called Aar-gau .-History:...
in Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
.
History
Kallern is first mentioned around 1303-08 as Kaltherren. During the Late Middle AgesLate Middle Ages
The Late Middle Ages was the period of European history generally comprising the 14th to the 16th century . The Late Middle Ages followed the High Middle Ages and preceded the onset of the early modern era ....
, the major landowners in Kallern were Muri Abbey
Muri Abbey
Muri Abbey was a Benedictine monastery dedicated to Saint Martin of Tours. It flourished for over eight centuries at Muri, in the Canton of Aargau, near Basle in Switzerland...
and Hilfikon
Hilfikon
Hilfikon was a municipality in the district of Bremgarten in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. In January 2010 Hilfikon merged into Villmergen.-History:...
. After 1415, the village belonged to Muri
Muri
Muri, Formerly known as Muri , is a municipality in southeastern Swiss Canton Aargau and is the capital of same district. The present municipality of Muri was created in 1816 from the merging of the four municipalities Langdorf, Egg, Hasli and Wey....
. Then, after 1435 it belonged to the district of Boswil
Boswil
Boswil is a municipality in the district of Muri in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland.The village lies in the Bünztal valley at the foot of the Lindenberg mountain...
in the Freie Ämter. Under the Helvetic Republic
Helvetic Republic
In Swiss history, the Helvetic Republic represented an early attempt to impose a central authority over Switzerland, which until then consisted mainly of self-governing cantons united by a loose military alliance, and conquered territories such as Vaud...
it was part of the Canton of Baden
Canton of Baden
The Canton of Baden was a canton of the Helvetic Republic . Its capital was the town of Baden....
. Kallern, Ober- and Unterhöll and Uezwil formed a collective community. Niesenberg was connected to Bettwil. The Act of Mediation
Act of Mediation
The Act of Mediation was issued by Napoleon Bonaparte on 19 February 1803 establishing the Swiss Confederation. The act also abolished the previous Helvetic Republic, which had existed since the invasion of Switzerland by French troops in 1798. After the withdrawal of French troops in July 1802,...
in 1803 led to the current community. In 1962, a chapel was built in Oberniesenberg, and in 1975 a school and multipurpose room were finished. In 1969, electric street lights came to the village and in 1970, a central water supply was added. In 1980 Hinterbühl was developed as a residential area, and in 1984 it was connected to the sewage treatment plant at Bünzen. In 2000 a quarter of the economically active population worked in agriculture and two thirds were commuters. At the beginning of the 21st Century Kallern possessed neither public transportation or shops.
Kallern, except for the hamlet of Oberniesenberg, belongs to the parish
Parish
A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...
of Boswil-Kellern.
Geography
Kallern has an area, , of 2.68 square kilometres (1 sq mi). Of this area, 2.08 km² (0.803092489872473 sq mi) or 77.6% is used for agricultural purposes, while 0.36 km² (0.138996777093313 sq mi) or 13.4% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 0.25 km² (0.0965255396481338 sq mi) or 9.3% is settled (buildings or roads).Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 4.9% and transportation infrastructure made up 4.5%. Out of the forested land, 11.6% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.9% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 42.9% is used for growing crops and 32.1% is pastures, while 2.6% is used for orchards or vine crops.
The municipality is located in the Muri district, on the eastern slope of the Lindenberg. It consists of the hamlets
Hamlet (place)
A hamlet is usually a rural settlement which is too small to be considered a village, though sometimes the word is used for a different sort of community. Historically, when a hamlet became large enough to justify building a church, it was then classified as a village...
of Kallern, Bugler, Hinterbühl, Unter-, Hinter- and Oberniesenberg as well as the farm houses of Unter- and Oberhöll, Husmatten and Badhof and other scattered individual houses.
Coat of arms
The blazonBlazon
In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image...
of the municipal coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
is Azure two Keys Argent in Saltire and in chief a Nail of the same.
Demographics
Kallern has a population of , 7.2% of the population are foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (1997–2007) the population has changed at a rate of 10.6%. Most of the population speaks GermanGerman language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
(95.5%), with English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
being second most common ( 1.9%) and Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...
being third ( 0.8%).
The age distribution, , in Kallern is; 39 children or 12.3% of the population are between 0 and 9 years old and 33 teenagers or 10.4% are between 10 and 19. Of the adult population, 38 people or 12.0% of the population are between 20 and 29 years old. 45 people or 14.2% are between 30 and 39, 58 people or 18.4% are between 40 and 49, and 53 people or 16.8% are between 50 and 59. The senior population distribution is 25 people or 7.9% of the population are between 60 and 69 years old, 15 people or 4.7% are between 70 and 79, there are 9 people or 2.8% who are between 80 and 89,and there is 1 person who is between 90 and older.
the average number of residents per living room was 0.59 which is about equal to the cantonal average of 0.57 per room. In this case, a room is defined as space of a housing unit of at least 4 m² (43.1 sq ft) as normal bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, kitchens and habitable cellars and attics. About 80.5% of the total households were owner occupied, or in other words did not pay rent (though they may have a mortgage
Mortgage loan
A mortgage loan is a loan secured by real property through the use of a mortgage note which evidences the existence of the loan and the encumbrance of that realty through the granting of a mortgage which secures the loan...
or a rent-to-own agreement).
, there were 3 homes with 1 or 2 persons in the household, 22 homes with 3 or 4 persons in the household, and 57 homes with 5 or more persons in the household. , there were 84 private households (homes and apartments) in the municipality, and an average of 3.1 persons per household. there were 75 single family homes (or 64.7% of the total) out of a total of 116 homes and apartments. There were a total of 2 empty apartments for a 1.7% vacancy rate. , the construction rate of new housing units was 6.4 new units per 1000 residents.
In the 2007 federal election
Swiss federal election, 2007
Elections to the Swiss Federal Assembly, the federal parliament of Switzerland, were held on Sunday, 21 October 2007. In a few cantons, a second round of the elections to the Council of States was held on 11 November, 18 November, and 25 November 2007...
the most popular party was the SVP
Swiss People's Party
The Swiss People's Party , also known as the Democratic Union of the Centre , is a conservative political party in Switzerland. Chaired by Toni Brunner, but spearheaded by Christoph Blocher, the party is the largest party in the Federal Assembly, with 58 members of the National Council and 6 of...
which received 47.1% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP
Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
The Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland is a Christian democratic political party in Switzerland. It is the fourth-largest party in the National Council, with 31 seats, and the largest in the Council of States, with 15 seats. It has one seat, that of Doris Leuthard, on the Swiss...
(18.7%), the SP
Social Democratic Party of Switzerland
The Social Democratic Party of Switzerland is the largest centre-left political party in Switzerland....
(10%) and the Green Party
Green Party of Switzerland
The Green Party of Switzerland is the fifth-largest party in the National Council of Switzerland, and the largest party that is not represented on the Federal Council.-History:...
(8.4%).
The historical population is given in the following table:
| year | population |
|---|---|
| 1850 | 329 |
| 1900 | 225 |
| 1950 | 229 |
| 2000 | 264 |
Heritage sites of national significance
The farm house at Unterniesenberg 45 is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significanceSwiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance
The Swiss Inventory of Cultural Property of National and Regional Significance is a register of some 8,300 items of cultural property in Switzerland...
.
Economy
, Kallern had an unemployment rate of 2.11%. , there were 48 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 18 businesses involved in this sector. 8 people are employed in the secondary sector and there are 5 businesses in this sector. 35 people are employed in the tertiary sector, with 8 businesses in this sector.there were 142 workers who lived in the municipality. Of these, 96 or about 67.6% of the residents worked outside Kallern while 13 people commuted into the municipality for work. There were a total of 59 jobs (of at least 6 hours per week) in the municipality. Of the working population, 6.8% used public transportation to get to work, and 47.3% used a private car.
Religion
From the , 184 or 69.7% were Roman Catholic, while 54 or 20.5% belonged to the Swiss Reformed ChurchSwiss Reformed Church
The Reformed branch of Protestantism in Switzerland was started in Zürich by Huldrych Zwingli and spread within a few years to Basel , Bern , St...
.
Education
The entire Swiss population is generally well educated. In Kallern about 72.3% of the population (between age 25-64) have completed either non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education (either university or a FachhochschuleFachhochschule
A Fachhochschule or University of Applied Sciences is a German type of tertiary education institution, sometimes specialized in certain topical areas . Fachhochschulen were founded in Germany and later adopted by Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Greece...
). Of the school age population , there are 23 students attending primary school in the municipality.