Jozai han
Encyclopedia
Han (Japan)
The or domain was the name of the estate belonging to a warrior in Japan after the 17th century. The fiefs of the daimyos of the samurai class of Japan during the Edo period were called han.-Edo period:...
of the Edo period
Edo period
The , or , is a division of Japanese history which was ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family, running from 1603 to 1868. The political entity of this period was the Tokugawa shogunate....
, located in Kazusa Province
Kazusa Province
was a province of Japan in the area of modern Chiba Prefecture. It lies on in the middle of the Bōsō Peninsula , whose name takes its first kanji from the name of Awa Province and its second from Kazusa and Shimōsa Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was or .Kazusa is classified as one of the...
(modern-day Chiba Prefecture
Chiba Prefecture
is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kantō region and the Greater Tokyo Area. Its capital is Chiba City.- History :Chiba Prefecture was established on June 15, 1873 with the merger of Kisarazu Prefecture and Inba Prefecture...
), Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
. It was centered on what is now the city of Kisarazu, Chiba
Kisarazu, Chiba
is a city located in Chiba, Japan. As of September 2010, Kisarazu has an estimated population of 126,906 and a density of 915 persons per km². The total area was 138.73 km²....
. It was ruled for the entirety of its history by a branch of the Mizuno clan
Mizuno clan
The was a Japanese clan which claimed descent from the Seiwa Genji branch of the Minamoto clan. In the Edo period, the Mizuno clan produced many men who were fudai daimyo serving the Tokugawa shogun, as well as countless families of hatamoto...
. Relatively small in size, it played an important role at the end of its existence, during the Boshin War
Boshin War
The was a civil war in Japan, fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and those seeking to return political power to the imperial court....
of the Meiji Restoration
Meiji Restoration
The , also known as the Meiji Ishin, Revolution, Reform or Renewal, was a chain of events that restored imperial rule to Japan in 1868...
.
Kaibuchi-han
Shogun Tokugawa IenariTokugawa Ienari
Tokugawa Ienari; 徳川 家斉 was the eleventh and longest serving shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan who held office from 1787 to 1837.-First wife:...
's attendant (osobashu) Hayashi Tadafusa was promoted from hatamoto
Hatamoto
A was a samurai in the direct service of the Tokugawa shogunate of feudal Japan. While all three of the shogunates in Japanese history had official retainers, in the two preceding ones, they were referred to as gokenin. However, in the Edo period, hatamoto were the upper vassals of the Tokugawa...
to wakadoshiyori
Wakadoshiyori
The ', or "Junior Elders", were high government officials in 17th century Tokugawa Japan. The position was established around 1631, but appointments were irregular until 1662....
, or junior councilor in April 1825. Receiving an addition of 3,000 koku
Koku
The is a Japanese unit of volume, equal to ten cubic shaku. In this definition, 3.5937 koku equal one cubic metre, i.e. 1 koku is approximately 278.3 litres. The koku was originally defined as a quantity of rice, historically defined as enough rice to feed one person for one year...
on top of his 7,000 koku stipend, he thus passed the qualifications to be styled daimyō
Daimyo
is a generic term referring to the powerful territorial lords in pre-modern Japan who ruled most of the country from their vast, hereditary land holdings...
, and a small holding in Kazusa Province, was created. He received an additional 3,000 koku in revenue in December 1834, and after being assigned to supervise reconstruction efforts at Edo Castle in 1839, was granted another 5,000 koku, bringing his total income up to 18,000 koku. However, on the death of Ienari, he was stripped of his position and residence and forced into retirement, with his income reduced to 10,000 koku.
In November 1850, during the headship of Tadafusa's son Hayashi Tadaakira, the family moved the location of its jin’ya within its landholdings, from Kaibuchi Village to Jōzai Village, and for the rest of its time under Hayashi rule, it was known as Jōzai.
Jozai-han
After Hayashi Tadaakira's relocation of the domain seat from Kaibuchi to Jōzai, the domain found itself in a strategic position with the arrival of Commodore Matthew C. Perry and the American fleet. On June 4, 1853, coastal defenses at Kaibuchi, which lay on Edo Bay, were strengthened, and were kept at that level of preparation until March 23, 1854.. The focus for the Hayashi family then shifted once more to positions in the Shogunate, with Tadaakira's successor Hayashi Tadakata first becoming Captain of the Guard (ōbangashira), and then Magistrate of Fushimi. With Tadakata's death, the domain headship passed into the hands of his brother and adopted heir, Hayashi Masanosuke, or as he as more often known,Boshin War
With the start of the Boshin WarBoshin War
The was a civil war in Japan, fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and those seeking to return political power to the imperial court....
, Hayashi Tadataka
Hayashi Tadataka
was a Japanese daimyo of the late Edo period, who ruled the Jōzai Domain. Later in life, he was also known by his style, . During the Boshin War of 1868, Hayashi led his domain's forces in support of the armies of the former shogun, and then the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei...
was at Jōzai, and though he was not able to participate in the Battle of Toba-Fushimi
Battle of Toba-Fushimi
The occurred between pro-Imperial and Tokugawa shogunate forces during the Boshin War in Japan. The battle started on 27 January 1868 , when the forces of the Tokugawa shogunate and the allied forces of Chōshū, Satsuma and Tosa domains clashed near Fushimi...
, he set himself apart from all other fudai lords in that he invoked his hereditary obligation to the Tokugawa clan
Tokugawa clan
The was a powerful daimyo family of Japan. They nominally descended from Emperor Seiwa and were a branch of the Minamoto clan by the Nitta clan. However, the early history of this clan remains a mystery.-History:...
in going to war. Taking part in the guerilla warfare efforts of Hitomi Katsutarō, Tadataka departed his domain with his entire retainer force, and fought from Izu Province
Izu Province
was a province of Japan in the area of Shizuoka Prefecture. Izu bordered on Sagami and Suruga Provinces. Its abbreviated form name was .The mainland portion of Izu Province, comprising the Izu Peninsula is today the eastern portion of Shizuoka Prefecture and the Izu Islands are now part of...
all the way north to Aizu
Aizu
is an area comprising the westernmost third of Fukushima Prefecture in Japan. The principal city of the area is Aizuwakamatsu.During the Edo period, Aizu was a feudal domain known as and part of Mutsu Province.-History:...
and Sendai as part of the Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei
Ouetsu Reppan Domei
-External links:**...
, finally surrendering when he received news that the main Tokugawa family had been given a fief at Sunpu
Sunpu Domain
' was a Japanese feudal domain intermittently during the Edo period. It was centered in Suruga Province, in what is now the city of Shizuoka, but at times included Kai and parts of Tōtōmi Provinces. In 1869 the domain was renamed .-History:...
(modern-day Shizuoka), in Suruga Province
Suruga Province
was an old province in the area that is today the central part of Shizuoka prefecture. It was sometimes called . Suruga bordered on Izu, Kai, Sagami, Shinano, and Tōtōmi provinces; and had access to the Pacific Ocean through Suruga Bay.-History:...
. However, in punishment for Tadataka's actions, Jōzai was taken over by the new government. Tadataka himself was placed in confinement at the Edo residence of the Ogasawara
Ogasawara clan
The was a Japanese samurai clan descended from the Seiwa Genji. The Ogasawara acted as shugo of Shinano province in the medieval period The was a Japanese samurai clan descended from the Seiwa Genji. The Ogasawara acted as shugo (governors) of Shinano province in the medieval period The was a...
family of Karatsu
Karatsu Domain
' was a Japanese domain of the Edo period, located in Hizen Province, in Kyūshū. Its seat of government was in Karatsu Castle, in modern-day Karatsu, Saga.-History:...
, of which his family was a branch line. He was later released, and held several government positions before his retirement, and was also made a baron
Baron
Baron is a title of nobility. The word baron comes from Old French baron, itself from Old High German and Latin baro meaning " man, warrior"; it merged with cognate Old English beorn meaning "nobleman"...
(danshaku) in the kazoku
Kazoku
The was the hereditary peerage of the Empire of Japan that existed between 1869 and 1947.-Origins:Following the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the ancient court nobility of Kyoto regained some of its lost status...
peerage.
Rather notably, Hayashi Tadataka was the last of all the former daimyō to die, in 1941.
Sakurai-han
Following Tadataka's departure from Jōzai, the domain was reassigned to Matsudaira NobutoshiMatsudaira Nobutoshi (Takiwaki)
' was a Japanese daimyo of the late Edo period. He was first the lord of the Ojima Domain ; however, with Tokugawa Iesato's move into Suruga, Nobutoshi's holdings were moved to the Sakurai Domain, which comprised the territory of the former Jōzai Domain...
(head of the Takiwaki branch of the Matsudaira clan
Matsudaira clan
The was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Minamoto clan. It first originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province . Over the course of its history, the clan produced many branches, most of which also centered around Mikawa Province...
), and renamed
List of daimyō
- Hayashi clanHayashi clan (Jozai)The ', onetime ruling family of the Jōzai Domain, is a Japanese clan which traces its origins to the Ogasawara clan, the shugo of Shinano Province. The family served the Matsudaira clan from its days in Mikawa Province...
(fudai) 1825–1868# Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank revenues 1 1827–1828 Higo-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 13,000->18,000->10,000 2 1828–1842 Harima-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 10,000 koku 3 1842–1871 Higo-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 10,000 koku 4 1842–1871 -none- Lower 5th (従五位下) 10,000 koku
- Matsudaira (Takiwaki) clanMatsudaira clanThe was a Japanese samurai clan that claimed descent from the Minamoto clan. It first originated in and took its name from Matsudaira village, in Mikawa Province . Over the course of its history, the clan produced many branches, most of which also centered around Mikawa Province...
(fudai) 1868–1872# Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank revenues 1 1827–1828 Higo-no-kami Lower 5th (従五位下) 10,000 koku
Further reading
- Nakamura Akihiko, Dappan Daimyō no Boshin Sensō: Kazusa-Jōzai hanshu Hayashi Tadataka no Shōgai Tokyo: Chuokōron-shinsha, 2000. (ISBN 4121015541)
- Bolitho, Harold (1974). Treasures among men; the fudai daimyo in Tokugawa Japan. New Haven: Yale University Press.
- Kodama Kōta 児玉幸多 , Kitajima Masamoto 北島正元 (1966). Kantō no shohan 関東の諸藩. Tokyo: Shin Jinbutsu Ōraisha.