Jin Qizong
Encyclopedia
Jin Qizong or Aisin-Gioro Qizong (7 June 1918 – 10 April 2004) was a Chinese
historian and linguist
of Manchu
ethnicity who is known for his studies of the Manchu
and Jurchen
languages. His works include the first modern dictionary of Jurchen (1984), various books about the Manchu people, and editions of the poetry of his great-great-grandfather Aisin-Gioro Yihui (1799–1838) and his wife Gu Taiqing
.
, China in 1918. His father, Jin Guangping
(1899–1966), was a sixth generation descendant of Emperor Qianlong's fifth son, Prince Rongchun
(Aisin-Gioro Yongqi). Both his father and his second daughter, Aisin-Gioro Ulhicun
, are also renowned scholars of Manchu and Jurchen. His eldest daughter, Jin Shi 金適 (Aisin-Gioro Hualiyasun), who is a professor at China Agricultural University
in Beijing, has also engaged in research into Jurchen.
Jin Guangping entered Peking University
to study Chinese Literature in 1939, but the following year went to Japan to study at Tokyo University, where he studied Jin Dynasty history under Mikami Tsugio 三上次男 (1907–1987) and Mongolian and Qing Dynasty
history under Wada Sei 和田清 (1890–1963). He graduated in 1944, and returned to China where he worked as a teacher at various Beijing middle schools for fourteen years.
In 1958 he joined the staff of the newly founded Inner Mongolia University
, where he remained for the next twenty-five years, eventually reaching the position of professor. His main area of research and teaching was Mongolian history, but he also carried out research into the Jurchen and Manchu languages.
In 1983 he took up a post as director of the Liaoning Minorities Research Institute in Shenyang
. During this period he founded and edited two journals, Manchu Studies 满族研究 and Reference Materials for Manchu Studies 满族研究参考资料.
Jin retired in 1989, and lived in Beijing until his death of natural causes in 2004.
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
historian and linguist
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. Linguistics can be broadly broken into three categories or subfields of study: language form, language meaning, and language in context....
of Manchu
Manchu
The Manchu people or Man are an ethnic minority of China who originated in Manchuria . During their rise in the 17th century, with the help of the Ming dynasty rebels , they came to power in China and founded the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China until the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, which...
ethnicity who is known for his studies of the Manchu
Manchu language
Manchu is a Tungusic endangered language spoken in Northeast China; it used to be the language of the Manchu, though now most Manchus speak Mandarin Chinese and there are fewer than 70 native speakers of Manchu out of a total of nearly 10 million ethnic Manchus...
and Jurchen
Jurchen language
Jurchen language is an extinct language. It was spoken by Jurchen people of eastern Manchuria, the creators of the Jin Empire in the northeastern China of the 12th–13th centuries. It is classified as a Southwestern Tungusic language.-Writing:...
languages. His works include the first modern dictionary of Jurchen (1984), various books about the Manchu people, and editions of the poetry of his great-great-grandfather Aisin-Gioro Yihui (1799–1838) and his wife Gu Taiqing
Gu Taiqing
Gu Taiqing was a Qing poettessShe was of Manchu descent. Like several other women writers and poets, she had Shi Yunyu as a supporter. She was also a friend of Liang Desheng, a female writer of tan-ci....
.
Biography
Jin was born in BeijingBeijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
, China in 1918. His father, Jin Guangping
Jin Guangping
Jin Guangping or Aisin-Gioro Hengxu was a Chinese linguist of Manchu ethnicity who is known for his studies of the Jurchen and Khitan languages and scripts.-Biography:...
(1899–1966), was a sixth generation descendant of Emperor Qianlong's fifth son, Prince Rongchun
Yongqi, Prince Rong
Aisin-Gioro Yongqi was the fifth son of the Qianlong Emperor, and bore the title "Prince Rong" . His mother was Noble Consort Yu, a member of the Haigiya clan.-Portrayal In Dramas:...
(Aisin-Gioro Yongqi). Both his father and his second daughter, Aisin-Gioro Ulhicun
Aisin-Gioro Ulhicun
Aisin-Gioro Ulhicun is a Chinese linguist of Manchu ethnicity who is known for her studies of the Manchu, Jurchen and Khitan languages and scripts. She is also known as a historian of the Liao and Jin dynasties...
, are also renowned scholars of Manchu and Jurchen. His eldest daughter, Jin Shi 金適 (Aisin-Gioro Hualiyasun), who is a professor at China Agricultural University
China Agricultural University
China Agricultural University is a university in Beijing, People's Republic of China specializing in agriculture, biology, engineering, veterinary medicine, economics, management, humanities and social science. It was formed in 1995 through the merger of the Beijing Agricultural University and...
in Beijing, has also engaged in research into Jurchen.
Jin Guangping entered Peking University
Peking University
Peking University , colloquially known in Chinese as Beida , is a major research university located in Beijing, China, and a member of the C9 League. It is the first established modern national university of China. It was founded as Imperial University of Peking in 1898 as a replacement of the...
to study Chinese Literature in 1939, but the following year went to Japan to study at Tokyo University, where he studied Jin Dynasty history under Mikami Tsugio 三上次男 (1907–1987) and Mongolian and Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
history under Wada Sei 和田清 (1890–1963). He graduated in 1944, and returned to China where he worked as a teacher at various Beijing middle schools for fourteen years.
In 1958 he joined the staff of the newly founded Inner Mongolia University
Inner Mongolia University
Inner Mongolia University, located in the city of Huhhot, Inner Mongolia, Northern China, is a university in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China, under the authority of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Regional government....
, where he remained for the next twenty-five years, eventually reaching the position of professor. His main area of research and teaching was Mongolian history, but he also carried out research into the Jurchen and Manchu languages.
In 1983 he took up a post as director of the Liaoning Minorities Research Institute in Shenyang
Shenyang
Shenyang , or Mukden , is the capital and largest city of Liaoning Province in Northeast China. Currently holding sub-provincial administrative status, the city was once known as Shengjing or Fengtianfu...
. During this period he founded and edited two journals, Manchu Studies 满族研究 and Reference Materials for Manchu Studies 满族研究参考资料.
Jin retired in 1989, and lived in Beijing until his death of natural causes in 2004.
Jurchen studies
Jin and his father, Jin Guangping, collaborated on a study of the Jurchen language and script, which was first published in 1964, and a revised edition published in 1980. His major contribution to Jurchen studies was a Jurchen-Chinese dictionary that was published in 1984. This was the first modern dictionary of Jurchen, and remained the only dictionary of Jurchen until 2003 when an expanded Jurchen dictionary compiled by Jin and his daughter, Aisin-Gioro Ulhicun, was published in Japan.Works
- 1964. With Jin Guangping. Nǚzhēn Yǔyán Wénzì Yánjiū 女真語言文字研究 [Study of Jurchen Language and Script]. Reprint, Beijing: Wenwu Chubanshe, 1980.
- 1981. Mǎnzú de Lìshǐ yǔ Shēnghuó—Sānjiāzitún Diàochá Bàogào 滿族的歷史與生活—三家子屯調查報告 [Manchu History and Life—Report on an Investigation of Sanjiazi Village]. Heilongjiang People's Publishing House.
- 1984. Nǚzhēnwén Cìdiàn 女真文辞典 [Dictionary of Jurchen]. Beijing: Wenwu Chubanshe.
- 1989. Běijīng Jiāoqū de Mǎnzú 北京郊區的滿族 [Manchus in the Beijing Suburbs]. Inner Mongolia University Press.
- 1989. Miàoliánjí yǔ Xiěchūn Jīngshè Cí 妙蓮集與寫春精舍詞 [Miaolian Collection and the Poetry of Xiechun Jingshe]. Liaoning Classics Press.
- 1990. Shěnshuǐ Jí 瀋水集 [Shenshui Collection]. Inner Mongolia University Press.
- 1991. Mònán Jí 漠南集 [Monan Collection]. Inner Mongolia University Press.
- 1995. Míngshàntáng Wénjí Jiǎojiān 明善堂文集校箋 [Edited Collection of Mingshantang]. Tianjin Classics Press.
- 1996. With Jin Guangping and Aisin Gioro. Àixīnjuéluóshì Sāndài Mǎnzhōuxué Lúnjí 愛新覺羅氏三代滿洲學論集 [Collected Essays on Manchu Studies by Three Generations of the Aisin-Gioro Family]. Yuanfang Press.
- 1998. Běijīng Chéngqū de Mǎnzú 北京城區的滿族 [Manchus in the Beijing City]. Liaoning People's Publishing House.
- 2000. Qīngdài Měnggǔshǐ Zhájì 清代蒙古史札記 [Notes on Qing Dynasty Mongolian History]. Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House.
- 2000. Zhōngguó Shuāijiāoshǐ 中國摔跤史 [History of China Falling Down]. Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House.
- 2001. Gù Tàiqīng yǔ Hǎidiàn 顧太清與海澱 [Gu Taiqing and Haidian]. Beijing Press.
- 2001. Tiānyóugé Jí 天游閣集 [Tianyouge Collection]. Liaoning People's Publishing House.
- 2002. With Jin Guangping and Aisin Gioro. Àixīnjuéluóshì Sāndài Ā'ěrtàixué Lúnjí 愛新覺羅氏三代阿爾泰學論集 [Collected Essays on Altaic Studies by Three Generations of the Aisin-Gioro Family]. Meizandō.
- 2003. With Aisin Gioro. Nǚzhēnwén Dàcìdiàn 女真文大辞典 [Great Dictionary of Jurchen Language]. Osaka: Meizandō.
- 2003. With Aisin Gioro. Nǚzhēnyǔ Mǎnzhōu-Tōnggǔsī Zhūyǔ Bǐjiào Cídiǎn 女真語·滿洲通古斯諸語比較辭典 [Comparative Dictionary of Manchu-Tungusic Languages].
- 2003. Méi yuán jí 梅園集 [Meiyuan Collection]. Harbin Press.
- 2009. Jīn Qǐzōng Tán Běijīng de Mǎnzú 金啟孮談北京的滿族 [Ji Qizong Talks about the Manchus of Beijing]. Zhonghua Shuju.