Jan Tarnowski
Encyclopedia
Jan Amor Tarnowski was a Polish
szlachcic
(nobleman). He was Grand Crown Hetman
from 1527 and was the founder of the city of Tarnopol, where he built the Ternopil Castle
and the Ternopil Lake
.
He was born in 1488 as a son of Jan Amor Mlodszy Tarnowski, Cracow's castellan, and his second wife Barbara z Rożnowa, grand-daughter of famous knight Zawisza Czarny
. He had five siblings from first marriage of his father. They were Jan Amor Starszy, Jan Aleksander (d. 1497), Katarzyna, Zofia and Elżbieta. He had also five sisters from the first marriage of his mother. He spent his earliest years in Rożnowo and Staresioło. He was designed for be a priest. After death of his father in 1500, his teacher Maciej Drzewiecki convinced Barbara z Rożnowa to resign from this plan. In 1501 Jan Tarnowski was sent to king's court. Suddenly, on 17 June 1501 king Jan Olbracht died and Jan Tarnowski returned to Rożnowo, his mother's domain.
In 1508 he fought against Russia in battle of Orsza and in 1509 against Moldovia in battle of Chocim and upon Dniestr as a commander of his own chorągiew
. Then in 1512 he was involved in battle of Łopuszna, where Tatars where defeated by Poles.
He was owner of Tarnów
, Wiewiórka, Rożnów, Przeworsk
, Stare Sioło, a Knight of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre
from September 1, 1518, castellan
wojnicki from 6 June 1522, voivode of Ruthenian Voivodeship
from April 2, 1527 and of Kraków Voivodeship
from October 10, 1535, castellan of Kraków and Starost of Sandomierz
, Stryj
, Żydaczów, Dolina
, Sandecz, chmielnowski, Lubaczów
and horodelski from March 15, 1536.
In 1521, he participated in Ottoman-Habsburg wars
. He was amongst the first Hetmans of the Polish Army after its great reforms. He led the Polish Army to many victories amongst which was the victory at Obertyn
(1531) against Moldavia
ns, and at Starodub
(1535) against the Muscovites in the Muscovite wars.
He also developed, among other things, horse artillery
, field hospital
s at the expense of the government, headquarters services, and field sappers. Throughout his entire service as a Hetman, he preached a doctrine of flexibility.
He is one of the characters on the famous painting by Jan Matejko
, Prussian Homage
.
Poles
thumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe...
szlachcic
Szlachta
The szlachta was a legally privileged noble class with origins in the Kingdom of Poland. It gained considerable institutional privileges during the 1333-1370 reign of Casimir the Great. In 1413, following a series of tentative personal unions between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of...
(nobleman). He was Grand Crown Hetman
Hetman
Hetman was the title of the second-highest military commander in 15th- to 18th-century Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which together, from 1569 to 1795, comprised the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, or Rzeczpospolita....
from 1527 and was the founder of the city of Tarnopol, where he built the Ternopil Castle
Ternopil Castle
The Tarnopol Castle originated as the residence of Jan Amor Tarnowski in 1540. Construction works on the marshy bank of the Seret River were authorized by King Sigismund the Old. The castle was encircled by a wooden fence and a deep moat...
and the Ternopil Lake
Ternopil Lake
Ternopil Lake is a man-made lake in Ternopil, Ukraine. It was created in 1548 by Jan Amor Tarnowski as one link in a chain of fortifications encircling his residence, the Tarnopol Castle...
.
He was born in 1488 as a son of Jan Amor Mlodszy Tarnowski, Cracow's castellan, and his second wife Barbara z Rożnowa, grand-daughter of famous knight Zawisza Czarny
Zawisza Czarny
Zawisza Czarny z Garbowa , Sulima Coat of Arms, was a Polish knight and nobleman. He served as a soldier and diplomat under the Polish king Władysław II and Hungarian-Bohemian king Sigismund of Luxembourg...
. He had five siblings from first marriage of his father. They were Jan Amor Starszy, Jan Aleksander (d. 1497), Katarzyna, Zofia and Elżbieta. He had also five sisters from the first marriage of his mother. He spent his earliest years in Rożnowo and Staresioło. He was designed for be a priest. After death of his father in 1500, his teacher Maciej Drzewiecki convinced Barbara z Rożnowa to resign from this plan. In 1501 Jan Tarnowski was sent to king's court. Suddenly, on 17 June 1501 king Jan Olbracht died and Jan Tarnowski returned to Rożnowo, his mother's domain.
In 1508 he fought against Russia in battle of Orsza and in 1509 against Moldovia in battle of Chocim and upon Dniestr as a commander of his own chorągiew
Choragiew
Chorągiew was the basic administrative unit of the Polish cavalry from the 14th century. An alternative name until the 17th century was Rota.The name may derive from Slavic word Khorugv ....
. Then in 1512 he was involved in battle of Łopuszna, where Tatars where defeated by Poles.
He was owner of Tarnów
Tarnów
Tarnów is a city in southeastern Poland with 115,341 inhabitants as of June 2009. The city has been situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999, but from 1975 to 1998 it was the capital of the Tarnów Voivodeship. It is a major rail junction, located on the strategic east-west connection...
, Wiewiórka, Rożnów, Przeworsk
Przeworsk
Przeworsk Ukrainian: Переворськ, is a town in south-eastern Poland with 15,675 inhabitants, as of 2 June 2009. Since 1999 it has been in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship, and is the capital of Przeworsk County....
, Stare Sioło, a Knight of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre
Order of the Holy Sepulchre
The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem is a Roman Catholic order of knighthood under the protection of the pope. It traces its roots to Duke Godfrey of Bouillon, principal leader of the First Crusade...
from September 1, 1518, castellan
Castellan
A castellan was the governor or captain of a castle. The word stems from the Latin Castellanus, derived from castellum "castle". Also known as a constable.-Duties:...
wojnicki from 6 June 1522, voivode of Ruthenian Voivodeship
Ruthenian Voivodeship
Ruthenia Voivodeship was an administrative division of the Kingdom of Poland . Together with Bełz Voivodeship, it formed Lesser Poland Province with its capital city in Kraków. Part of Lesser Poland region...
from April 2, 1527 and of Kraków Voivodeship
Kraków Voivodeship
Kraków Voivodeship, refers to several historical Voivodeships of Poland in the surrounding regions, with the city of Kraków as its capital.- Kraków Voivodeship 1975-1998 :...
from October 10, 1535, castellan of Kraków and Starost of Sandomierz
Sandomierz
Sandomierz is a city in south-eastern Poland with 25,714 inhabitants . Situated in the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship , previously in Tarnobrzeg Voivodeship . It is the capital of Sandomierz County . Sandomierz is known for its Old Town, a major tourist attraction...
, Stryj
Stryj
Stryj may refer to:*Stryj, Lublin Voivodeship *Stryi, Ukraine - Stryj in Polish...
, Żydaczów, Dolina
Dolina
Dolina may refer to:Places*Dolyna, a city in Ukraine*Dolina, Tržič, a village in Tržič municipality in Slovenia*Dolina, Szczecin, Poland*Dolina, Lower Silesian Voivodeship *Dolina, Łódź Voivodeship...
, Sandecz, chmielnowski, Lubaczów
Lubaczów
Lubaczów is a town in southeastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine, with 12,405 inhabitants .Situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship , it is the capital of Lubaczów County and is located 50 kilometers northeast of Przemyśl....
and horodelski from March 15, 1536.
In 1521, he participated in Ottoman-Habsburg wars
Ottoman-Habsburg wars
The Ottoman–Habsburg wars refers to the military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg dynasties of the Austrian Empire, Habsburg Spain and in certain times, the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary. The war would be dominated by land campaigns in Hungary and present day...
. He was amongst the first Hetmans of the Polish Army after its great reforms. He led the Polish Army to many victories amongst which was the victory at Obertyn
Battle of Obertyn
The Battle of Obertyn was fought between Moldavian Prince Petru Rareş and Polish King Zygmunt Stary, in the town of Obertyn, north of the Dniester River, now in Ukraine. The battle ended with a Polish victory and the reconquest of Pokutia....
(1531) against Moldavia
Moldavia
Moldavia is a geographic and historical region and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester river...
ns, and at Starodub
Starodub
Starodub is a town and the administrative center of Starodubsky District of Bryansk Oblast, Russia. It is located on the Babinets River , southwest of Bryansk. Population: 16,000 .-History:...
(1535) against the Muscovites in the Muscovite wars.
He also developed, among other things, horse artillery
Horse artillery
Horse artillery was a type of light, fast-moving and fast-firing artillery which provided highly mobile fire support to European and American armies from the 17th to the early 20th century...
, field hospital
Field hospital
A field hospital is a large mobile medical unit that temporarily takes care of casualties on-site before they can be safely transported to more permanent hospital facilities...
s at the expense of the government, headquarters services, and field sappers. Throughout his entire service as a Hetman, he preached a doctrine of flexibility.
He is one of the characters on the famous painting by Jan Matejko
Jan Matejko
Jan Matejko was a Polish painter known for paintings of notable historical Polish political and military events. His most famous works include oil on canvas paintings like Battle of Grunwald, paintings of numerous other battles and court scenes, and a gallery of Polish kings...
, Prussian Homage
Prussian Homage (painting)
The Prussian Homage is an oil on canvas painting by Polish painter Jan Matejko painted between 1879 and 1882 in Kraków, then part of Austria-Hungary. It depicts a tribute made by Albrecht Hohenzollern, the Duke of Prussia, to King Sigismund I the Old in the Kraków market square on 10 April 1525;...
.