James Maule, 4th Earl of Panmure (c. 1658 – 11 April 1723), was a Scottish peer.

Born in Monifieth

Monifieth

Monifieth is a town and former police burgh in the council area of Angus, Scotland. It is situated on the North bank of the Firth of Tay on the East Coast...

, Scotland

Scotland

Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...

, James Maule lived at Ballumbie

Ballumbie

Ballumbie is a residential area on the north-east edge of Dundee, Scotland. The area was formerly an estate centred on Ballumbie Castle, a mid-16th century fortification, which was followed by the 19th-century Ballumbie House. There is also a golf course and the site of a late medieval parish church...

 and became the 4th Earl of Panmure in 1686 on the death of his brother, George Maule, the 3rd Earl. he married Margaret, the daughter of William Douglas, Duke of Hamilton

William Douglas, Duke of Hamilton

William Douglas-Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Hamilton, KG, PC , born Lord William Douglas, was the son of William Douglas, 1st Marquess of Douglas and his second wife Lady Mary Gordon, a daughter of George Gordon, 1st Marquess of Huntly...

. He was responsible for commissioning Alexander Edward

Alexander Edward

Alexander Edward was a Scottish Episcopalian clergyman, who later became a draughtsman, architect and landscape designer...

 to reconstruct Brechin Castle

Brechin Castle

Brechin Castle is a castle located in Brechin, Angus, Scotland. The castle is the seat of the Earl of Dalhousie, who is the clan chieftain of Clan Maule of Panmure in Angus, and Clan Ramsay of Dalhousie in Midlothian. The original castle was constructed in stone during the 13th century...

 between approximately 1696 and 1709, and he also expanded the family seat of Panmure House

Panmure House

Panmure House was a 17th-century country house in the Parish of Panbride, Angus, Scotland, to the north of Carnoustie. It was the seat of the Earl of Panmure. It was rebuilt in the 19th century, and demolished in 1955....

.

Lord Panmure was a Privy Councillor to King James VII

James II of England

James II & VII was King of England and King of Ireland as James II and King of Scotland as James VII, from 6 February 1685. He was the last Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland...

 (ruled 1685–1688), and despite being a Protestant, continued to support James after he was exiled by the Revolution of 1688

Glorious Revolution

The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, is the overthrow of King James II of England by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau...

. He was an early supporter of the Jacobite

Jacobitism

Jacobitism was the political movement in Britain dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland, later the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the Kingdom of Ireland...

 cause, which aimed to restore James and his successors on the thrones of England and Scotland. In 1707, he encouraged rebellion and the return of James by signing a letter suggesting the country would rise to support him. From the Mercat Cross

Mercat cross

A mercat cross is a market cross found in Scottish cities and towns where trade and commerce was a part of economic life. It was originally a place where merchants would gather, and later became the focal point of many town events such as executions, announcements and proclamations...

 at Brechin

Brechin

Brechin is a former royal burgh in Angus, Scotland. Traditionally Brechin is often described as a city because of its cathedral and its status as the seat of a pre-Reformation Roman Catholic diocese , but that status has not been officially recognised in the modern era...

 in 1715, he proclaimed James Francis Edward Stuart

James Francis Edward Stuart

James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales was the son of the deposed James II of England...

, son of James VII and known as the "Old Pretender", as King James VIII. Panmure went on to fight at the battle of Sheriffmuir

Battle of Sheriffmuir

The Battle of Sheriffmuir was an engagement in 1715 at the height of the Jacobite rebellion in England and Scotland.-History:John Erskine, 6th Earl of Mar, standard-bearer for the Jacobite cause in Scotland, mustered Highland chiefs, and on 6 September declared James Francis Edward Stuart as King...

 in November of the same year. He was captured but escaped, with his younger brother Henry, via Arbroath

Arbroath

Arbroath or Aberbrothock is a former royal burgh and the largest town in the council area of Angus in Scotland, and has a population of 22,785...

 to the Continent the following year. This resulted in the forfeiture of the Panmure title and estates; indeed it is said that the gates of Panmure House have not been opened since. Maule was honoured by the Old Pretender and followed him to Avignon (1716) and then Rome (1717).

He died of pleurisy

Pleurisy

Pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleura, the lining of the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs. Among other things, infections are the most common cause of pleurisy....

in Paris, still in exile having twice refused the opportunity of reconciliation with the British government.