Ivan Makarovich Orbeliani
Encyclopedia
Prince Ivan Makarovich Orbeliani (9 September 1844 - 13 November 1919) was a Georgio-Russian general
General
A general officer is an officer of high military rank, usually in the army, and in some nations, the air force. The term is widely used by many nations of the world, and when a country uses a different term, there is an equivalent title given....

 and governor of Kutaisi
Kutaisi
Kutaisi is Georgia's second largest city and the capital of the western region of Imereti. It is 221 km to the west of Tbilisi.-Geography:...

.

Biography

He was born as a member of one of the most important princely families of Georgia
Georgia (country)
Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...

, the House of Orbeliani
House of Orbeliani
The Orbeliani was a Georgian noble family , which branched off the Baratashvili family in the 17th century and later produced several lines variously called Orbeliani, Orbelishvili , Qaplanishvili , and Jambakur-Orbeliani...

. His parents war Prince
Prince
Prince is a general term for a ruler, monarch or member of a monarch's or former monarch's family, and is a hereditary title in the nobility of some European states. The feminine equivalent is a princess...

 Mamuka Tomazovich of Orbeliani and Ketevan Princess Eristavi of Ksani
Ksani
Ksani is a small river in central Georgia, which rises on the southern slopes of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range in South Ossetia and flows into the Kura River. Ksani is often associated with the Medieval Georgian Ksani Fortress which lies close to the Ksani River....

. His family originated from Georgia
Georgia (country)
Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...

, but was living also in Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...

.

He was in the army since the 1860s. His first success was shown in the battles with the mountaineers and later he also took part in the Russian-Turkish war (1877–1878). As lieutnant he fought in the Caucas
Caucas
Caucas or Kavkasus was the purported ancestor of Caucasians. His story is narrated in the compilation of the medieval Georgian chronicles, Kartlis Cxovreba, taken down from oral tradition by Leonti Mroveli in the 11th century...

, in 1883 he was already a colonel
Colonel
Colonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...

 and six years later a major-general.
He was also the commander of the:
  • Caucasian Military District (1892–1895)
  • 2nd Brigade of the 2nd Caucasian Cossack Division (1895–1896)
  • Terek Cossack Division (1896–1897)
  • 2nd Brigade Volgskoy Cossack Terek Army (1897–1899)


He led the Russian army in the Russo-Japanese War
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War was "the first great war of the 20th century." It grew out of rival imperial ambitions of the Russian Empire and Japanese Empire over Manchuria and Korea...

.

Family and descendants

He married 1872 in Tbilisi
Tbilisi
Tbilisi is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari River. The name is derived from an early Georgian form T'pilisi and it was officially known as Tiflis until 1936...

, the capital of Georgia, his belorussian cousin Princess Maria Dmitrievna Svyatopolk-Mirsky (1856–1899), the daughter of the famous russian general Prince Dmitry Ivanovitch Sviatopolk-Mirskii
Dmitry Ivanovitch Sviatopolk-Mirskii
Dmitry Ivanovitch Sviatopolk-Mirskii was a Russian infantry General and a politician, of the Svyatopolk-Mirsky family.Dmitry was born to the family of Thomas Bogumile Jean Sviatopolk-Mirskii, the ambassador of the semi-independent Kingdom of Poland to Russia. Dmitry's patronymic Ivanovich was...

 and his wife Princess Sophia Yacovlevna Orbeliani (30 May 1855-9 June 1898). In this marriage three children were born:
  • Prince Mamuka Ivanovich of Orbeliani (1873, Tbilisi
    Tbilisi
    Tbilisi is the capital and the largest city of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari River. The name is derived from an early Georgian form T'pilisi and it was officially known as Tiflis until 1936...

     - 1924). He married (1898 in Tbilisi) Princess Elisabeth Iraklievna Bagration of Georgia (27 October 1870 - 25 November 1942), the daughter of Prince Irakli Alexandrovich Bagration of Georgia (1826–1882) and Princess Thamar Chavchavadze (1852–1933).
  • Princess Sonia Ivanovna Orbeliani (1875, St.Petersburg - 1915, Palace Tsarskoe Selo). She never married, but instead has dedicated herself to the Russian court. She was a mistress of the last russian Tsar Nicholas II. and later the first lady-in-waiting and a close friend of his wife Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse).
  • Prince Dmitry Ivanovich Orbeliani (1875, Mir
    Mir
    Mir was a space station operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001, at first by the Soviet Union and then by Russia. Assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996, Mir was the first modular space station and had a greater mass than that of any previous spacecraft, holding the record for the...

    , Belarus - 1922, London
    London
    London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

    ). A personal assistant of the Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia
    Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia
    Grand Duke Alexander Mihailovich of Russia, Александр Михайлович Aleksandr Mihailovits was a dynast of the Russian Empire, a naval officer, an author, explorer, the brother-in-law of Emperor Nicholas II, and an advisor of the said Emperor.-Biography: Alexander was born the son of Grand Duke...

    . Dmitry married (1900 in St. Petersburg) Countess Vera von Kleinmichel (1877, St. Petersburg - 1948, Malta
    Malta
    Malta , officially known as the Republic of Malta , is a Southern European country consisting of an archipelago situated in the centre of the Mediterranean, south of Sicily, east of Tunisia and north of Libya, with Gibraltar to the west and Alexandria to the east.Malta covers just over in...

    ). They had an only daughter Princess Galena Dmitryevna Orbeliani (b. 5 May 1922), who was born soon after her father's death.


Prince Ivan died in 1919 and was buried at the Svetitskhoveli Cathedral
Svetitskhoveli Cathedral
Svetitskhoveli Cathedral is a Georgian Orthodox cathedral located in the historical town of Mtskheta, Georgia, northwest of the nation's capital of Tbilisi....

 in Mtskheta
Mtskheta
Mtskheta , one of the oldest cities of the country of Georgia , is located approximately 20 kilometers north of Tbilisi at the confluence of the Aragvi and Kura rivers. The city is now the administrative centre of the Mtskheta-Mtianeti region...

, Georgia.
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