Inti-Illimani
Encyclopedia
Inti-Illimani is an instrumental and vocal Latin American folk music ensemble from Chile
. The group was formed in 1967 by a group of university students and it acquired widespread popularity in Chile for their song Venceremos (We shall win!) which became the anthem
of the Popular Unity government of Salvador Allende
. At the moment of the September 11, 1973 Chilean coup they were on tour in Europe and were unable to return to their country where their music was proscribed by the ruling military junta
. In Europe their music took on a multifarious character, incorporating elements of European baroque
and other traditional music forms to their rich and colourful Latin American rhythms - creating a distinctive fusion of modern world music
. They are perhaps the best internationally known members of the nueva canción
movement. Their name means 'Sun of the Illimani' in Aymara
. Illimani
is the name of a mountain in the Bolivian Andes. They influenced Yeni Türkü
, a Turkish group, during their debut album, Buğdayın Türküsü (Song of Wheat) in 1979. Also name of them was derived from "Nueva canción" ("New Song" in Spanish), music style of Inti Illimani.
at Santiago, Chile
in 1967. In 1973 as they were on tour abroad, General Augusto Pinochet came to power. Having heard of the numerous extra-judicial killings of many fellow artists by Chile's army, they took up residence in Italy
, resulting in "the longest tour in history" for Inti-Illimani as they lived in de facto exile. They continued their efforts supporting Chilean democracy internationally; samizdat
copies of their work continued to be widely distributed in Chile. In September 1988, days after they were no longer banned from Chile, they began touring Chile again. They helped organize the voting down of the referendum that would have re-elected Pinochet. Recently, they were actually supported by Chile as representatives of Chilean culture.
In the past the group was musically led by Horacio Salinas
and politically led by Jorge Coulon. However, in 2001 there was a controversial split of the group, which started when three key members left the group (José Seves, Horacio Durán and Horacio Salinas
). They were replaced by Manuel Meriño (from Entrama), Cristián González
and Juan Flores. Due to the importance of departed members, many called into question the ability of the remainder to carry on the Inti-Illimani name. Meanwhile, the three departed members started their own group they call Inti-Histórico. From 2005 there are two groups:
In 1968 Inti-Illimani's membership consisted of:
Current line-up of the "Inti-Illimani (R) or "New":
Current line-up of the "Inti-Histórico":
Other members in the history of the group:
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
. The group was formed in 1967 by a group of university students and it acquired widespread popularity in Chile for their song Venceremos (We shall win!) which became the anthem
Anthem
The term anthem means either a specific form of Anglican church music , or more generally, a song of celebration, usually acting as a symbol for a distinct group of people, as in the term "national anthem" or "sports anthem".-Etymology:The word is derived from the Greek via Old English , a word...
of the Popular Unity government of Salvador Allende
Salvador Allende
Salvador Allende Gossens was a Chilean physician and politician who is generally considered the first democratically elected Marxist to become president of a country in Latin America....
. At the moment of the September 11, 1973 Chilean coup they were on tour in Europe and were unable to return to their country where their music was proscribed by the ruling military junta
Military dictatorship
A military dictatorship is a form of government where in the political power resides with the military. It is similar but not identical to a stratocracy, a state ruled directly by the military....
. In Europe their music took on a multifarious character, incorporating elements of European baroque
Baroque music
Baroque music describes a style of Western Classical music approximately extending from 1600 to 1760. This era follows the Renaissance and was followed in turn by the Classical era...
and other traditional music forms to their rich and colourful Latin American rhythms - creating a distinctive fusion of modern world music
World music
World music is a term with widely varying definitions, often encompassing music which is primarily identified as another genre. This is evidenced by world music definitions such as "all of the music in the world" or "somebody else's local music"...
. They are perhaps the best internationally known members of the nueva canción
Nueva canción
Nueva canción is a movement and genre within Latin American and Iberian music of folk music, folk-inspired music and socially committed music...
movement. Their name means 'Sun of the Illimani' in Aymara
Aymara language
Aymara is an Aymaran language spoken by the Aymara people of the Andes. It is one of only a handful of Native American languages with over three million speakers. Aymara, along with Quechua and Spanish, is an official language of Peru and Bolivia...
. Illimani
Illimani
Illimani is the highest mountain in the Cordillera Real of western Bolivia. It lies just south of La Paz at the eastern edge of the Altiplano. It is the second highest peak in Bolivia, after Nevado Sajama, and the eighteenth highest peak in South America...
is the name of a mountain in the Bolivian Andes. They influenced Yeni Türkü
Yeni Türkü
Yeni Türkü is one of the best selling and best-known bands in Turkey. The group has held concerts in more than twenty countries and has recorded many albums since forming in 1978. Their musical style is characterized by a combination of traditional Turkish and modern musical instruments, including...
, a Turkish group, during their debut album, Buğdayın Türküsü (Song of Wheat) in 1979. Also name of them was derived from "Nueva canción" ("New Song" in Spanish), music style of Inti Illimani.
History
The group was formed by students at Universidad Técnica del EstadoUniversity of Santiago, Chile
The University of Santiago of Chile is one of the oldest public universities in Chile.The institution was born as Escuela de Artes y Oficios in 1849, under the government of Manuel Bulnes...
at Santiago, Chile
Santiago, Chile
Santiago , also known as Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile, and the center of its largest conurbation . It is located in the country's central valley, at an elevation of above mean sea level...
in 1967. In 1973 as they were on tour abroad, General Augusto Pinochet came to power. Having heard of the numerous extra-judicial killings of many fellow artists by Chile's army, they took up residence in Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, resulting in "the longest tour in history" for Inti-Illimani as they lived in de facto exile. They continued their efforts supporting Chilean democracy internationally; samizdat
Samizdat
Samizdat was a key form of dissident activity across the Soviet bloc in which individuals reproduced censored publications by hand and passed the documents from reader to reader...
copies of their work continued to be widely distributed in Chile. In September 1988, days after they were no longer banned from Chile, they began touring Chile again. They helped organize the voting down of the referendum that would have re-elected Pinochet. Recently, they were actually supported by Chile as representatives of Chilean culture.
In the past the group was musically led by Horacio Salinas
Horacio Salinas
Horacio Salinas is a Chilean guitarist and composer. He is cofounder and musical director of the Chilean group Inti Illimani Historico. He has a huge repertory of compositions that involves folk, andean music, protest music, world music, fusion, Contemporary classical music and many latin american...
and politically led by Jorge Coulon. However, in 2001 there was a controversial split of the group, which started when three key members left the group (José Seves, Horacio Durán and Horacio Salinas
Horacio Salinas
Horacio Salinas is a Chilean guitarist and composer. He is cofounder and musical director of the Chilean group Inti Illimani Historico. He has a huge repertory of compositions that involves folk, andean music, protest music, world music, fusion, Contemporary classical music and many latin american...
). They were replaced by Manuel Meriño (from Entrama), Cristián González
Cristián González
Cristián González, musician, is one of the second-generation members of the veteran Chilean instrumental folk group, Inti-Illimani. González joined the group as one of the replacements for three founding members who left in 2001.-External references:...
and Juan Flores. Due to the importance of departed members, many called into question the ability of the remainder to carry on the Inti-Illimani name. Meanwhile, the three departed members started their own group they call Inti-Histórico. From 2005 there are two groups:
- Inti-Illimani (R) o "New" (Coulon brothers)
- Inti-Histórico (José Seves, Horacio Durán and Horacio SalinasHoracio SalinasHoracio Salinas is a Chilean guitarist and composer. He is cofounder and musical director of the Chilean group Inti Illimani Historico. He has a huge repertory of compositions that involves folk, andean music, protest music, world music, fusion, Contemporary classical music and many latin american...
)
Membership
In August 1967 Inti-Illimani's earliest membership consisted of:- Max BerrúMax BerrúMax Berrú is a musician and entrepreneur. He is one of the founders of Inti-Illimani.Berrú was born in Ecuador, and graduated as a Mechanical Engineer in Chile where he met Jorge Coulon at the same university. After graduading, Max worked as an engineer for two years until he met his true passion...
- Jorge Coulon
- Luis Espinoza
- Horacio Durán
- Oscar Guzmán
- Ciro Retamal
- Pedro Yáñez
In 1968 Inti-Illimani's membership consisted of:
- Max BerrúMax BerrúMax Berrú is a musician and entrepreneur. He is one of the founders of Inti-Illimani.Berrú was born in Ecuador, and graduated as a Mechanical Engineer in Chile where he met Jorge Coulon at the same university. After graduading, Max worked as an engineer for two years until he met his true passion...
- Jorge Coulon
- Horacio Durán
- Ernesto Perez de Arce
- Horacio SalinasHoracio SalinasHoracio Salinas is a Chilean guitarist and composer. He is cofounder and musical director of the Chilean group Inti Illimani Historico. He has a huge repertory of compositions that involves folk, andean music, protest music, world music, fusion, Contemporary classical music and many latin american...
Current line-up of the "Inti-Illimani (R) or "New":
- Jorge Coulon
- Christian González
- Daniel Cantillana
- Juan Flores
- Efren Viera
- Marcelo Coulon
- Manuel Meriño
- César Jara
Current line-up of the "Inti-Histórico":
- Horacio SalinasHoracio SalinasHoracio Salinas is a Chilean guitarist and composer. He is cofounder and musical director of the Chilean group Inti Illimani Historico. He has a huge repertory of compositions that involves folk, andean music, protest music, world music, fusion, Contemporary classical music and many latin american...
- Horacio Durán
- José Seves
- Jorge Ball
- Fernando Julio
- Camilo Salinas
- Danilo Donoso
Other members in the history of the group:
- Ernesto Pérez de Arce
- Homero Altamirano
- José Miguel Camus
- Renato Freyggang
- Pedro Villagra
Discography before separation
- Si Somos Americanos (1969)
- Voz para el camino (1969)
- Por la CUT (1969)
- A la Revolución Mexicana (1969)
- Inti Illimani (1969)
- Inti-Illimani (1970)
- Canto al Programa (1970)
- Charagua/El Aparecido (1971)
- Autores Chilenos (1971)
- Nuestro México, Febrero 23/Dolencias (1972)
- Canto para una Semilla (1972)
- Quebrada de Humahuaca/Taita Salasaca (1972)
- Canto de Pueblos Andinos, Vol. 1 (1973)
- Viva Chile!Viva Chile!- Track listing :#La Fiesta de San Benito #Longuita #Cancion del Poder Popular #Alturas #La Segunda independencia #Cueca de la C.U.T...
(1973) - La Nueva Canción Chilena (Inti-Illimani 2) (1974)
- Canto de Pueblos Andinos (Inti-Illimani 3)Canto de Pueblos Andinos (Inti-Illimani 3)- Track listing :#Huajra #Tema de la Quebrada de Humahuaca#Dolencias #Lamento del Indio #Taita Salasca #La Mariposa#Tinku#Amores Hallaras...
(1975) - Hacia La Libertad (Inti-Illimani 4) (1975)
- Canto de Pueblos Andinos, Vol. 2 (Inti-Illimani 5) (1976)
- Chile Resistencia (Inti-Illimani 6) (1977)
- Canto per una Seme (1978) - Italian edition of Canto para una Semilla (1972)
- Canción para Matar una Culebra (1979)
- Jag Vill Tacka Livet (Gracias a la Vida) (1980)
- En Directo (1980)
- Palimpsesto (1981)
- The Flight of the Condor (1982)
- Con la Razón y la Fuerza (1982)
- Imaginación (1984)
- Sing to me the Dream (1984)
- Return of the Condor (1984)
- La Muerte no Va Conmigo (1985)
- De Canto y Baile (1986)
- Fragmentos de un Sueño (1987)
- Leyenda (1990)
- Andadas (1992)
- Arriesgaré la Piel (1996)
- Grandes Exitos (1997)
- Lejanía (1998)
- Amar de NuevoAmar de NuevoAmar De Nuevo is a 1999 album by Chilean Group Inti-Illimani,in which they explore the heritage of Latin American Creole music in lush,sensual arrangements that sound as if they've come directly from the '40s...
(1999) - SinfónicoSinfónicoSinfónico is the sixteenth album and fourth live album by Mexican Rock, Blues band El Tri. The concert is the first with an orchestra as a celebration of the 30 years of the band.The album got a Gold certification.- Track listing :...
(1999) - La Rosa de los Vientos (1999)
- Inti-Illimani Interpreta a Víctor Jara (2000)
- Antología en Vivo (2001)
Discography Inti-Illimani "Nuevo"
- Lugares Comunes (2003)
- Viva Italia (2004)
- Pequeño Mundo (2006)
- MeridianoMeridianoMeridiano is a municipality in the state of São Paulo in Brazil. The population in 2004 is 4,149 and the area is 228.84 km². The elevation is 529 m....
(2010)
Discography Inti-Illimani Histórico
- Musica en la memoria n°1 (2005)
- Musica en la memoria n°2 (2006)
- Antología en vivo (2006)
- Esencial (2006)
- Tributo a Inti-Illimani Histórico. A la Salud de la Música (2009 Obra Colectiva)
- Travesura (2010 Invitados: Diego "El Cigala" y Eva Ayllón.)
External links
- Official Website Inti-Illimani(R) or "New" (in English)
- Official Website Inti-Illimani(R) or "New" (in Spanish)
- Official Website Historical Inti (in Spanish)