See Also

Huns

The Huns were a confederation of Eurasian tribes, most likely of diverse origin with a Turkic Turkic languages

The Turkic languages constitute a language family [i] of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast are ... 

-speaking aristocracy, who appeared in Europe Europe

Europe is one of the seven traditional continent [i]s of the Earth [i]. ... 

 in the 4th century 4th century

As a means of recording the passage of time [i], the 4th century was that century [i] which lasted from ... 

, the most famous being Attila Attila the Hun

Attila the Huhn was the final and most powerful king [i] of the Huns [i]. ... 

. It has also become a more general term for any number of Central Asia Central Asia

Central Asia is a vast landlocked [i] region of Asia [i]. ... 

n equestrian nomads or semi-nomads. Most of these peoples are recorded by neighboring peoples to the south, east, and west as having occupied Central Asia Central Asia

Central Asia is a vast landlocked [i] region of Asia [i]. ... 

 roughly from the 4th century 4th century

As a means of recording the passage of time [i], the 4th century was that century [i] which lasted from ... 

 to the 6th century 6th century

The 6th century is the period from 501 [i] - 600 [i] in accordance with the Julian calendar [i] in the Christian Era [i] ... 

 .

Discussions

  Discussion Features

   Ask a question about 'Huns'

   Start a new discussion about 'Huns'

   Answer questions about 'Huns'

   'Huns' discussion forum

Timeline

43   Warfare begins between the northern and southern Huns.

118   The north-south feud between the Hun Huns

The Huns were a confederation of Eurasian [i] tribes, most likely of diverse origin with ... 

 dynasty ends.

311   Luoyang Luoyang

Luoyang is a prefecture-level city [i] in western Henan [i] province [i], People's Republic of China [i] ... 

, the Jin Dynasty (265-420) Jėn Dynasty (265-420)

The Jn Dynasty , one of the Six Dynasties [i], followed the Three Kingdoms [i] period and preceded the Southern and Northern Dynasties [i] ... 

 capital of China China

China is a cultural region [i] and ancient civilization [i] in East Asia [i]. ... 

, was sacked by groups of barbarians under the leadership of Huns. Jin Huai Di, emperor of China China

China is a cultural region [i] and ancient civilization [i] in East Asia [i]. ... 

, is captured.

316   Huns sack Chang'an, capital of the Chinese Western Jin Dynasty Jėn Dynasty (265-420)

The Jn Dynasty , one of the Six Dynasties [i], followed the Three Kingdoms [i] period and preceded the Southern and Northern Dynasties [i] ... 

. Jin Mindi, the emperor, surrenders.

320   The Huns appear in Persia Persian Empire

The Persian Empire was a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau [i] ... 

.

350   The Huns invade Persia Persian Empire

The Persian Empire was a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau [i] ... 

 and India India

India , officially the Republic of India, is a country in South Asia [i]. ... 

.

352   Beginning of a war pitting the Huns against the Alans Alans

The Alans or Alani were an Iran [i]ian nomadic group among the Sarmatian [i] people, w ... 

.

363   The Huns reach the Caspian Sea Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea is the largest lake [i] on Earth by both area [i] and volume [i], with a surface area of ... 

.

370   The Ostrogoths Ostrogoth

The Ostrogoths , in distinction from the Visigoth [i]s , were a Germanic tribe [i] that ... 

 are conquered by the Huns. The Visigoths Visigoth

The Visigoths were one of two main branches of the Goths [i], an East Germanic tribe [i] . ... 

 cross the Danube Danube

The Danube is the longest river [i] of the European Union [i] and Europe [i]'s second-longest . ... 

.

373   The Battle of the Tanais River near the Don Don River (Russia)

The Don is one of the major rivers of Russia [i]. ... 

 where the Huns defeat the Alans Alans

The Alans or Alani were an Iran [i]ian nomadic group among the Sarmatian [i] people, w ... 

.

   More Events >>



Encyclopedia

The Huns were a confederation of Eurasian tribes, most likely of diverse origin with a Turkic Turkic languages

The Turkic languages constitute a language family [i] of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast are ... 

-speaking aristocracy, who appeared in Europe Europe

Europe is one of the seven traditional continent [i]s of the Earth [i]. ... 

 in the 4th century 4th century

As a means of recording the passage of time [i], the 4th century was that century [i] which lasted from ... 

, the most famous being Attila Attila the Hun

Attila the Huhn was the final and most powerful king [i] of the Huns [i]. ... 

. It has also become a more general term for any number of Central Asia Central Asia

Central Asia is a vast landlocked [i] region of Asia [i]. ... 

n equestrian nomads or semi-nomads. Most of these peoples are recorded by neighboring peoples to the south, east, and west as having occupied Central Asia Central Asia

Central Asia is a vast landlocked [i] region of Asia [i]. ... 

 roughly from the 4th century 4th century

As a means of recording the passage of time [i], the 4th century was that century [i] which lasted from ... 

 to the 6th century 6th century

The 6th century is the period from 501 [i] - 600 [i] in accordance with the Julian calendar [i] in the Christian Era [i]... 

 .

Origins and research


Ever since Joseph de Guignes in the 18th century 18th century

As a means of recording the passage of time [i], the 18th century refers to the century [i] that las ... 

 identified the Huns with the Xiongnu Xiongnu

The Xiongnu; were a nomadic people of Central Asia [i], generally based in present day Mongolia [i]. ... 

or siung-nu, the research and debate about the Asian ancestral origins of the Huns has continued.

Recent genetic research shows that many of the great confederations of steppe warriors were not entirely of the same race Race

The term race distinguishes one population [i] of an animal species from another of the same species. ... 

, but rather tended to be ethnic mixtures, for example Turkic Turkic peoples

Turkic peoples are Northern and Central Eurasian [i] peoples who speak languages belonging to th ... 

, Iranian, Mongolian, Finno-Ugric, Caucasian Caucasus

The Caucasus or Caucasia is a region in Eurasia [i] bordered on the south by Turkey [i] and Iran [i] ... 

, Yeniseian and Tungus clans.

While there is no question that the Huns left descendants all over Eastern Europe, the disintegration of the Hun empire after the death of Attila meant they never regained their lost glory. One reason was that the Huns never fully established the mechanisms of a State, such as bureaucracy and taxes, unlike the Magyars Hungarian people

Hungarians are an ethnic group [i] primarily associated with Hungary [i].
... 

 or Golden Horde Golden Horde

The Golden Horde was a Tatar [i]-Mongol [i] state established in parts of present-day Russia [i], Ukraine [i]... 

, who did. Once disorganized, the Huns naturally were absorbed by more organized polities.

Historiography

The term "Hun" has been also used to describe peoples with no historical connection to what scholars consider "Hun".

On July 27, 1901, during the Boxer Rebellion Boxer Rebellion

The Boxer Uprising or Boxer Rebellion was a Chinese [i] rebellion [i]... 

 in China, Kaiser Wilhelm II William II, German Emperor

William II or Wilhelm II , was the last German Emperor [i] and King of Prussia [i] , ruling both ... 

 gave the order to "make the name 'German' remembered in China for a thousand years, so that no Chinaman will ever again dare to even squint at a German". This speech, wherein Wilhelm invoked the memory of the 5th-century 5th century

The 5th century is the period from 401 [i] - 500 [i] in accordance with the Julian calendar [i] in the Christian Era [i]... 

 Huns, coupled with the Pickelhaube Pickelhaube

The Pickelhaube was a Prussian spiked helmet [i] worn in the 19th century [i] by the German [i] ... 

 or spiked helmet Helmet

A helmet is a form of protective clothing [i] worn on the head [i] and usually made of metal [i] or ... 

 worn by German forces until 1916, that was reminiscent of ancient Hun helmets, gave rise to the later derogatory English usage of the latter term for their German enemy during World War I World War I

World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War and "The War to End All War... 

. This usage was reinforced by Allied Allies of World War I

The Allies of World War I are sometimes also referred to as the Entente Powers or The Triple En... 

 propaganda throughout the war, prompting hatred of the Germans by invoking the idea that they were brutal savages. The usage resurfaced during World War II World War II

World War II, or the Second World War, was a worldwide [i] conflict [i] fought betwe ... 

.

See also

  • Hunnic language
  • List of Hunnish rulers
  • Battle of Ikh Bayan

Notes


Further reading

  • Lindner, Rudi Paul. "Nomadism, Horses and Huns", Past and Present, No. 92. , pp. 3–19.
  • Otto J. Mänchen-Helfen : The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture ISBN 0-520-01596-7
  • Otto J. Mänchen-Helfen: Huns and Hsiung-Nu
  • Otto J. Mänchen-Helfen: The Legend of the Origin of the Huns
  • E. A. Thompson: A History of Attila and the Huns
  • J. Webster: The Huns and Existentialist Thought