Hippocalcin
Encyclopedia
Hippocalcin is a protein
that in humans is encoded by the HPCA gene
.
Hippocalcin is a calcium
-binding protein that belongs to the neuronal calcium sensor
(NCS) family of proteins. It is expressed in mammal
ian brain
s especially in the hippocampus
. It possesses a Ca2+/myristoyl
switch.
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
that in humans is encoded by the HPCA gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
.
Hippocalcin is a calcium
Calcium
Calcium is the chemical element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. It has an atomic mass of 40.078 amu. Calcium is a soft gray alkaline earth metal, and is the fifth-most-abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust...
-binding protein that belongs to the neuronal calcium sensor
Neuronal calcium sensor
Neuronal Calcium Sensor is a large family of proteins which work as calcium dependent molecular switches and includes members like Frequenin , recoverin, GCAP, neurocalcin, visinin etc...
(NCS) family of proteins. It is expressed in mammal
Mammal
Mammals are members of a class of air-breathing vertebrate animals characterised by the possession of endothermy, hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands functional in mothers with young...
ian brain
Brain
The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals—only a few primitive invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, sea squirts and starfishes do not have one. It is located in the head, usually close to primary sensory apparatus such as vision, hearing,...
s especially in the hippocampus
Hippocampus
The hippocampus is a major component of the brains of humans and other vertebrates. It belongs to the limbic system and plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial navigation. Humans and other mammals have two hippocampi, one in...
. It possesses a Ca2+/myristoyl
Myristic acid
Myristic acid, also called tetradecanoic acid, is a common saturated fatty acid with the molecular formula CH312COOH. A myristate is a salt or ester of myristic acid....
switch.
Processes
Hippocalcin takes part in the following processes:- Activation of PLD1Phospholipase D1Phospholipase D1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLD1 gene.-Interactions:Phospholipase D1 has been shown to interact with RALA, BIN1, Amphiphysin, Alpha-synuclein, PEA15, RHOA, Protein kinase N1 and CDC42.-Inhibitors:...
and PLD2PLD2Phospholipase D2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PLD2 gene.-Interactions:PLD2 has been shown to interact with BIN1, Amphiphysin, Aldolase A, PLCG1, ARF1, Src, PRKCD, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase ,Caveolin 1,and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein.-Inhibitors:* N--2-naphthamide:...
expression - Inhibition of apoptosisApoptosisApoptosis is the process of programmed cell death that may occur in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation...
- MAP kinase signalling
- Involved in long term depression in hippocampal neuron
- Required for normal spatial learning
Interactions
Hippocalcin interacts with following proteins:- Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP)
- Mixed lineage kinase 2 (MLK2MAP3K10Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 10 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAP3K10 gene.-Interactions:MAP3K10 has been shown to interact with NEUROD1, Huntingtin, MAPK8IP1, KIF3A, CDC42 and MAPK8IP2.-Further reading:...
) – MLK2 is myosin light chain kinase 2 - The b2 adaptinAP2B1AP-2 complex subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AP2B1 gene.-Interactions:AP2B1 has been shown to interact with TGF beta receptor 2, AP1M2, BUB1B, LDLRAP1 and Arrestin beta 2.-Further reading:...
of the AP2 complexAP2 adaptorsThe AP2 adaptor complex is a multimeric protein that works on the plasma membrane to internalize cargo in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. It is a stable complex of four adaptins which give rise to a structure that has a core domain and two appendage domains attached to the core domain by polypeptide... - Calcium-dependent activator protein for secretion (CADPSCADPSCalcium-dependent secretion activator 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CADPS gene.-Further reading:...
)