Health Professionals and Allied Employees
Encyclopedia
The Health Professionals and Allied Employees (HPAE) is a health care labor union
in New Jersey
and Pennsylvania
that represents registered nurses and other health care workers in hospitals, nursing homes, blood banks and clinics in the public and private sector. It is an affiliate of the American Federation of Teachers
(AFT), AFL-CIO.
, a registered nurse, organized an independent nurses union at Englewood Hospital in Englewood, New Jersey
. Shift rotation, floating, low wages and a general lack of respect from management drove Twomey and the other Englewood nurses to organize at a time when federal labor law had only just begun to recognize the union rights of registered nurses.
Englewood's management repeatedly tried to break the union. In July 1976, the hospital suspend Twomey for refusing to wear a nurse's cap. Twomey pointed out that men were not required to wear one. On October 12, 1976, the Englewood nurses successfully struck
for six days over staffing, training, rotating shifts and non-nursing duties assigned to nurses.
In 1977, nurses at Pascack Valley Hospital in Westwood, New Jersey
, formed a union with the assistance of the union at Englewood Hospital. But the hospital refused to recognize the union, and a 41-day strike ensued. The union won recognition as well as markedly higher wages. The union won an election at Lakeview Convalescent Center, a nursing home, the same year.
As the union expanded into non-hospital settings and non-nursing occupations, the organization recognized the need to expand its jurisdiction. So in 1978 the unions formed a statewide group, the Hospital Professionals and Allied Employees. Twomey was elected its president.
In 1979, registered nurses at newly-built Palisades General Hospital in Westwood, New Jersey
, formed a union and joined HPAE.
But on September 25, 1979, the union struck Pascack Valley Hospital to over wages and floating of nurses to units where they had no experience or training. The successful strike lasted 70 days.
The union organized its second nursing home, Llanfair House, in 1980.
On September 1, 1980—Labor Day—HPAE struck Englewood Hospital. Once more, the issues revolved around wages and floating. The strike lasted 98 days, and for more than two decades remained the longest strike in New Jersey history.
Rejecting the American Nurses Association
as too management-dominated and the National Union of Hospital and Health Care Employees/RWDSU
as too militant, the union voted in 1980 to affiliate with the AFT and its health care division, the Federation of Nurses and Health Professionals (FNHP; now known as AFT Healthcare).
HPAE continued to grow, but organizing came much more slowly. The union held 20 elections between 1981 and 1993, but lost 11 of them—including many at hospitals where the union already represented nurses. Nonetheless, the union grew from 1,000 members in 1980 to nearly 4,000 in 1993.
In 1985, the union changed its name to the Health Professionals and Allied Employees to represent its shift away from purely hospital organizing.
1993 proved to be a pivotal year for HPAE. On December 4, 1993, 680 union members struck Jersey Shore Medical Center in Neptune City, New Jersey
. Pay was the primary issue. The union wanted across-the-board wage raises of 5 percent and pay increases for senior nurses. The hospital sought to impose a merit-pay system.
Although winter was near and heavy snow had already fallen, the union felt that the employer could not afford a long strike.
In addition, the union had counted heavily on media attention and local and state government investigations into the fundamental issues of the strike to help keep the job action short and enable the union to win its issues.
Neither assumption proved correct. The hospital brought in more than 400 strikebreakers
, and closed 15 percent of its critical-care beds to reduce the need for nurses. Central New Jersey lacked local television news coverage, and local print media were either indifferent or hostile to the nurses' concerns. Regional TV and print media outlets in New York City and Philadelphia, concerned with more regional and local events, did not cover the strike. (The New York Times,
the closest major newspaper, did not run an article about the strike for 64 days.)
The union also discovered that its members were well-prepared for a long strike. A significant number of members of the local union opposed staied out on strike
No meetings were held between the sides for more than 40 days. The strike was strong on into January, and more than 600 nurses did not cross the picket line.
HPAE continued marshall significant financial and political resources from its parent union and the AFL-CIO. On February 6, 1994 more than 1,000 people from several states rallied in front of the hospital in support of the freezing picketers.
In late February, the AFL-CIO announced a boycott
of the hospital. The union pressured the state department of health to investigate reports of lapses in the quality of patient care; a fine as levied after inspectors discovered that a strikebreaker had administered an overdose of a sedative to a patient.
Talks between the two sides resumed in mid-February. A new contract was agreed to on March 10, 1994, largely on the union's terms.
The union's organizing program took off. Over the next 13 years, the union held 31 organizing campaigns—losing only four. As of April 2006, HPAE's membership stood at nearly 11,000, or nearly three times the number at the time of the Jersey Shore strike. The union's organizing program ran the breadth and length of New Jersey, extending into the Camden
-Philadelphia
market in 1996.
The union's political and legislative program proved equally as effective. HPAE pushed a whistleblower
bill through the legislature in 1997, making New Jersey the first state to adopt such legislation. A safe needle
law followed in 2000, and a ban on mandatory overtime
in 2002. After registered nurse Charles Cullen
was exposed as New Jersey's worst serial killer, the union pushed through a bill requiring public disclosure of medical error
s in a mere 30 days. And in 2005, the union won passage of a law requiring public disclosure of nurse-to-patient staffing levels in hospitals and nursing homes.
HPAE's transformation did not go unnoticed. Twomey's image graced the cover of the first issue of the AFL-CIO's new America@Work publication in November 1996. Twomey was elected to the AFT executive council in 2000, becoming only the second health care leader to sit on that body.
In 2006, the union began coordinated bargaining with all 20 employers. One contract expired on March 31, and the remainder expire on May 31, 2006.
Trade union
A trade union, trades union or labor union is an organization of workers that have banded together to achieve common goals such as better working conditions. The trade union, through its leadership, bargains with the employer on behalf of union members and negotiates labour contracts with...
in New Jersey
New Jersey
New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. , its population was 8,791,894. It is bordered on the north and east by the state of New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware...
and Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is a U.S. state that is located in the Northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to...
that represents registered nurses and other health care workers in hospitals, nursing homes, blood banks and clinics in the public and private sector. It is an affiliate of the American Federation of Teachers
American Federation of Teachers
The American Federation of Teachers is an American labor union founded in 1916 that represents teachers, paraprofessionals and school-related personnel; local, state and federal employees; higher education faculty and staff, and nurses and other healthcare professionals...
(AFT), AFL-CIO.
Formation and early history
HPAE's precursor union, the Englewood Hospital Nurses Association, was formed in 1974 when Ann TwomeyAnn Twomey
Ann Twomey is president of the Health Professionals and Allied Employees, a health care affiliate of the American Federation of Teachers , AFL-CIO....
, a registered nurse, organized an independent nurses union at Englewood Hospital in Englewood, New Jersey
Englewood, New Jersey
Englewood is a city located in Bergen County, New Jersey. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a total population of 27,147.Englewood was incorporated as a city by an Act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 17, 1899, from portions of Ridgefield Township and the remaining portions of...
. Shift rotation, floating, low wages and a general lack of respect from management drove Twomey and the other Englewood nurses to organize at a time when federal labor law had only just begun to recognize the union rights of registered nurses.
Englewood's management repeatedly tried to break the union. In July 1976, the hospital suspend Twomey for refusing to wear a nurse's cap. Twomey pointed out that men were not required to wear one. On October 12, 1976, the Englewood nurses successfully struck
Strike action
Strike action, also called labour strike, on strike, greve , or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work. A strike usually takes place in response to employee grievances. Strikes became important during the industrial revolution, when mass labour became...
for six days over staffing, training, rotating shifts and non-nursing duties assigned to nurses.
In 1977, nurses at Pascack Valley Hospital in Westwood, New Jersey
Westwood, New Jersey
Westwood is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough population was 10,908....
, formed a union with the assistance of the union at Englewood Hospital. But the hospital refused to recognize the union, and a 41-day strike ensued. The union won recognition as well as markedly higher wages. The union won an election at Lakeview Convalescent Center, a nursing home, the same year.
As the union expanded into non-hospital settings and non-nursing occupations, the organization recognized the need to expand its jurisdiction. So in 1978 the unions formed a statewide group, the Hospital Professionals and Allied Employees. Twomey was elected its president.
In 1979, registered nurses at newly-built Palisades General Hospital in Westwood, New Jersey
Westwood, New Jersey
Westwood is a borough in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough population was 10,908....
, formed a union and joined HPAE.
But on September 25, 1979, the union struck Pascack Valley Hospital to over wages and floating of nurses to units where they had no experience or training. The successful strike lasted 70 days.
The union organized its second nursing home, Llanfair House, in 1980.
On September 1, 1980—Labor Day—HPAE struck Englewood Hospital. Once more, the issues revolved around wages and floating. The strike lasted 98 days, and for more than two decades remained the longest strike in New Jersey history.
Affiliation and maturity
The turmoil of the union's first five years led the leaders of the union to conclude that they needed the support and backing of a much-larger parent union with the resources and political ability to support the union.Rejecting the American Nurses Association
American Nurses Association
The American Nurses Association is a professional organization to advance and protect the profession of nursing. It started in 1896 as the Nurses Associated Alumnae and was renamed the American Nurses Association in 1911...
as too management-dominated and the National Union of Hospital and Health Care Employees/RWDSU
Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union
Retail, Wholesale and Department Store Union is a labor union in the United States and Canada that is a semi-autonomous division of the United Food and Commercial Workers, Change to Win Federation...
as too militant, the union voted in 1980 to affiliate with the AFT and its health care division, the Federation of Nurses and Health Professionals (FNHP; now known as AFT Healthcare).
HPAE continued to grow, but organizing came much more slowly. The union held 20 elections between 1981 and 1993, but lost 11 of them—including many at hospitals where the union already represented nurses. Nonetheless, the union grew from 1,000 members in 1980 to nearly 4,000 in 1993.
In 1985, the union changed its name to the Health Professionals and Allied Employees to represent its shift away from purely hospital organizing.
1993 proved to be a pivotal year for HPAE. On December 4, 1993, 680 union members struck Jersey Shore Medical Center in Neptune City, New Jersey
Neptune City, New Jersey
Neptune City is a borough in Monmouth County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough population was 4,869.The Borough of Neptune City was incorporated on October 4, 1881, based on a referendum held on March 19, 1881...
. Pay was the primary issue. The union wanted across-the-board wage raises of 5 percent and pay increases for senior nurses. The hospital sought to impose a merit-pay system.
Although winter was near and heavy snow had already fallen, the union felt that the employer could not afford a long strike.
In addition, the union had counted heavily on media attention and local and state government investigations into the fundamental issues of the strike to help keep the job action short and enable the union to win its issues.
Neither assumption proved correct. The hospital brought in more than 400 strikebreakers
Strike action
Strike action, also called labour strike, on strike, greve , or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work. A strike usually takes place in response to employee grievances. Strikes became important during the industrial revolution, when mass labour became...
, and closed 15 percent of its critical-care beds to reduce the need for nurses. Central New Jersey lacked local television news coverage, and local print media were either indifferent or hostile to the nurses' concerns. Regional TV and print media outlets in New York City and Philadelphia, concerned with more regional and local events, did not cover the strike. (The New York Times,
The New York Times
The New York Times is an American daily newspaper founded and continuously published in New York City since 1851. The New York Times has won 106 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any news organization...
the closest major newspaper, did not run an article about the strike for 64 days.)
The union also discovered that its members were well-prepared for a long strike. A significant number of members of the local union opposed staied out on strike
No meetings were held between the sides for more than 40 days. The strike was strong on into January, and more than 600 nurses did not cross the picket line.
HPAE continued marshall significant financial and political resources from its parent union and the AFL-CIO. On February 6, 1994 more than 1,000 people from several states rallied in front of the hospital in support of the freezing picketers.
In late February, the AFL-CIO announced a boycott
Boycott
A boycott is an act of voluntarily abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with a person, organization, or country as an expression of protest, usually for political reasons...
of the hospital. The union pressured the state department of health to investigate reports of lapses in the quality of patient care; a fine as levied after inspectors discovered that a strikebreaker had administered an overdose of a sedative to a patient.
Talks between the two sides resumed in mid-February. A new contract was agreed to on March 10, 1994, largely on the union's terms.
Restructuring and growth
The near-disaster of the Jersey Shore strike in 1993 led HPAE to reconsider its programs and goals. Twomey pressed for a 'culture of organizing' inside the union. With the support of her executive council, the union altered its spending and staffing priorities to focus on a comprehensive, interlocking program of external organizing, enhanced political influence and legislative accomplishments.The union's organizing program took off. Over the next 13 years, the union held 31 organizing campaigns—losing only four. As of April 2006, HPAE's membership stood at nearly 11,000, or nearly three times the number at the time of the Jersey Shore strike. The union's organizing program ran the breadth and length of New Jersey, extending into the Camden
Camden, New Jersey
The city of Camden is the county seat of Camden County, New Jersey. It is located across the Delaware River from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As of the 2010 United States Census, the city had a total population of 77,344...
-Philadelphia
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Philadelphia County, with which it is coterminous. The city is located in the Northeastern United States along the Delaware and Schuylkill rivers. It is the fifth-most-populous city in the United States,...
market in 1996.
The union's political and legislative program proved equally as effective. HPAE pushed a whistleblower
Whistleblower
A whistleblower is a person who tells the public or someone in authority about alleged dishonest or illegal activities occurring in a government department, a public or private organization, or a company...
bill through the legislature in 1997, making New Jersey the first state to adopt such legislation. A safe needle
Needle remover
Needle removers are devices that physically remove a needle from a syringe. In developing countries, there is still a need for improvements in needle safety in hospital settings as most of the needle removal processes are done manually and under severe risk of hazard from needles puncturing skin...
law followed in 2000, and a ban on mandatory overtime
Overtime
Overtime is the amount of time someone works beyond normal working hours. Normal hours may be determined in several ways:*by custom ,*by practices of a given trade or profession,*by legislation,...
in 2002. After registered nurse Charles Cullen
Charles Cullen
Charles Edmund Cullen is a former nurse who is the most prolific serial killer in New Jersey history, and suspected to be the most prolific serial killer in American history. Cullen told authorities in December 2003 that he could specifically recall the murder of perhaps 40 patients during the 16...
was exposed as New Jersey's worst serial killer, the union pushed through a bill requiring public disclosure of medical error
Medical error
A medical error may be defined as a preventable adverse effect of care, whether or not it is evident or harmful to the patient. This might include an inaccurate or incomplete diagnosis or treatment of a disease, injury, syndrome, behavior, infection, or other ailment.-Definitions:As a general...
s in a mere 30 days. And in 2005, the union won passage of a law requiring public disclosure of nurse-to-patient staffing levels in hospitals and nursing homes.
HPAE's transformation did not go unnoticed. Twomey's image graced the cover of the first issue of the AFL-CIO's new America@Work publication in November 1996. Twomey was elected to the AFT executive council in 2000, becoming only the second health care leader to sit on that body.
Current projects
HPAE is currently engaged in an attempt to leverage the bargaining power of its members in collective bargaining negotiations with employers. In 2004, the union aligned the expiration dates of 11 of its 20 contracts.In 2006, the union began coordinated bargaining with all 20 employers. One contract expired on March 31, and the remainder expire on May 31, 2006.