Giulio Claro
Encyclopedia
Giulio Claro (1525–1575) was an Italian
jurist.
He was born in Alessandria
and took up the study of law in Pavia
as early as 1536. After receiving a doctorate in 1550, Claro was appointed a Milan
ese Senator by Philip II
in 1536, a royal pretor in Cremona
in 1560/61, president of the Milanese Magistrato straordinario delle entrate in 1563 and regens of the Consejo d' Italia in Madrid
in 1565.
Claro's work, together with that of Deciani
and Farinacci
, provided the theoretical foundation for the common criminal law
of Europe. That common law held sway until it was attacked by Enlightenment
legal critics such as Feuerbach
and replaced by national penal codes in the 19th century. Claro's principal work is the Liber V. Sententiarum, the fifth volume of his legal encyclopedia Sententia receptae. Dedicated to criminal law, it was reprinted as part of the Julii Clari Opera omnia as late as 1737.
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
jurist.
He was born in Alessandria
Alessandria
-Monuments:* The Citadel * The church of Santa Maria di Castello * The church of Santa Maria del Carmine * Palazzo Ghilini * Università del Piemonte Orientale-Museums:* The Marengo Battle Museum...
and took up the study of law in Pavia
Pavia
Pavia , the ancient Ticinum, is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 35 km south of Milan on the lower Ticino river near its confluence with the Po. It is the capital of the province of Pavia. It has a population of c. 71,000...
as early as 1536. After receiving a doctorate in 1550, Claro was appointed a Milan
Milan
Milan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
ese Senator by Philip II
Philip II of Spain
Philip II was King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily, and, while married to Mary I, King of England and Ireland. He was lord of the Seventeen Provinces from 1556 until 1581, holding various titles for the individual territories such as duke or count....
in 1536, a royal pretor in Cremona
Cremona
Cremona is a city and comune in northern Italy, situated in Lombardy, on the left bank of the Po River in the middle of the Pianura Padana . It is the capital of the province of Cremona and the seat of the local City and Province governments...
in 1560/61, president of the Milanese Magistrato straordinario delle entrate in 1563 and regens of the Consejo d' Italia in Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
in 1565.
Claro's work, together with that of Deciani
Tiberio Deciani
Tiberio Deciani was an Italian jurist working in the tradition of Renaissance humanism.Born in Udine, Deciani studied the humaniora and then law in Padua, where he attained a doctorate in 1529. He practiced law in Udine and became a member of the city council...
and Farinacci
Prospero Farinacci
Prospero Farinacci was an Italian lawyer and judge, noted for his harsh sentencing.While he was a staunch prosecutor of sodomites, in 1595 he was himself accused of having repeatedly entertained sodomitic relations...
, provided the theoretical foundation for the common criminal law
Criminal law
Criminal law, is the body of law that relates to crime. It might be defined as the body of rules that defines conduct that is not allowed because it is held to threaten, harm or endanger the safety and welfare of people, and that sets out the punishment to be imposed on people who do not obey...
of Europe. That common law held sway until it was attacked by Enlightenment
Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment was an elite cultural movement of intellectuals in 18th century Europe that sought to mobilize the power of reason in order to reform society and advance knowledge. It promoted intellectual interchange and opposed intolerance and abuses in church and state...
legal critics such as Feuerbach
Anselm Feuerbach
Anselm Feuerbach was a German painter. He was the leading classicist painter of the German 19th-century school.-Biography:...
and replaced by national penal codes in the 19th century. Claro's principal work is the Liber V. Sententiarum, the fifth volume of his legal encyclopedia Sententia receptae. Dedicated to criminal law, it was reprinted as part of the Julii Clari Opera omnia as late as 1737.