General Church of the New Jerusalem
Encyclopedia
The General Church of the New Jerusalem (also referred to as the General Church or just simply the New Church) is an international church based in Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania
, and based on the Old Testament
, the New Testament
, and the theological works of Emanuel Swedenborg
(often called the Writings for the New Church or just the Writings). The General Church of the New Jerusalem distinguishes itself from other Swedenborgian
churches by teaching that the Writings for the New Church are the Heavenly Doctrine revealed by the Lord in His Second Coming
and have authority equal to the Old and New Testaments. It is larger, newer, and more conservative than the Swedenborgian Church of North America
.
. The following doctrine can be drawn from and verified by these works. Among these works are, True Christian Religion, Heaven and Hell, Conjugial Love, The New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine, Heavenly Secrets, The Doctrine of the Lord, and many more. In these works the doctrine of The New Church is defined.
, which had itself been established in 1817. In 1999, the General Church had about 5,600 members, and the General Convention had about 2,600 members. By 2006, membership in the General Church had increased to 6,760.
Elementary Education (ages 6–14)
Secondary Education (ages 14–18)
Higher Education
Other organizations
Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania
Bryn Athyn is a home rule municipality, in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, United States. It was formerly a borough, and its official name remains "Borough of Bryn Athyn". The population was 1,375 at the 2010 census...
, and based on the Old Testament
Old Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
, the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, and the theological works of Emanuel Swedenborg
Emanuel Swedenborg
was a Swedish scientist, philosopher, and theologian. He has been termed a Christian mystic by some sources, including the Encyclopædia Britannica online version, and the Encyclopedia of Religion , which starts its article with the description that he was a "Swedish scientist and mystic." Others...
(often called the Writings for the New Church or just the Writings). The General Church of the New Jerusalem distinguishes itself from other Swedenborgian
Swedenborgian
A Swedenborgian is the doctrines, beliefs, and practices of the Church of the New Jerusalem, and is an adjective describing a person or an organization that understands the Bible through the theological writings of Emanuel Swedenborg....
churches by teaching that the Writings for the New Church are the Heavenly Doctrine revealed by the Lord in His Second Coming
Second Coming
In Christian doctrine, the Second Coming of Christ, the Second Advent, or the Parousia, is the anticipated return of Jesus Christ from Heaven, where he sits at the Right Hand of God, to Earth. This prophecy is found in the canonical gospels and in most Christian and Islamic eschatologies...
and have authority equal to the Old and New Testaments. It is larger, newer, and more conservative than the Swedenborgian Church of North America
Swedenborgian Church of North America
The Swedenborgian Church in North America . The Administrative Offices of the denomination are located at 11 Highland Avenue, Newton, MA.-Beliefs:...
.
Doctrine
The General Church of the New Jerusalem accepts the doctrine of the New Church as described in the works published by Emanuel SwedenborgEmanuel Swedenborg
was a Swedish scientist, philosopher, and theologian. He has been termed a Christian mystic by some sources, including the Encyclopædia Britannica online version, and the Encyclopedia of Religion , which starts its article with the description that he was a "Swedish scientist and mystic." Others...
. The following doctrine can be drawn from and verified by these works. Among these works are, True Christian Religion, Heaven and Hell, Conjugial Love, The New Jerusalem and its Heavenly Doctrine, Heavenly Secrets, The Doctrine of the Lord, and many more. In these works the doctrine of The New Church is defined.
- The Creator of the Universe (YHWH) came into this world, taking on the form of Jesus Christ (God with us) in order to combat the real Hell humanity had created, redeem humankind from Hells growing and overwhelming influence, permanently restore His connection with humankind, and by His Divinely Human life show people the path to spiritual freedom.
- He struggled against every evil that humanity encounters in the corrupted will by allowing the evils of Hell to attack Him on the battleground of His Human form, overcoming evil in every instance, and making His Human form One with His uniquely Divine Soul, even as to the flesh and bones. Jesus Christ, thus, entirely became the One God through a process of removing the natural human imperfections and uniting His Divine Soul with His Human form.
- The New Church has been seen as a proponent of MonarchianismMonarchianismMonarchianism is a set of beliefs that emphasize God as being one person. The term was given to Christians who upheld the "monarchy" of God against the Logos theology of Justin Martyr and apologists who had spoken of Jesus as a second divine person begotten by God the Father before the creation of...
; it does not, however, see God as appearing in three modes. God is seen as One Divine Person, Jesus Christ, who has a Divine Soul of Love, Divine Mind of Truth, and Divine Body of Energy. It is believed that unlike ArianismArianismArianism is the theological teaching attributed to Arius , a Christian presbyter from Alexandria, Egypt, concerning the relationship of the entities of the Trinity and the precise nature of the Son of God as being a subordinate entity to God the Father...
this doctrine retains both the Unity of God, as well as the full Divinity of Christ, and thus that it is not necessary to split God into a TrinityTrinityThe Christian doctrine of the Trinity defines God as three divine persons : the Father, the Son , and the Holy Spirit. The three persons are distinct yet coexist in unity, and are co-equal, co-eternal and consubstantial . Put another way, the three persons of the Trinity are of one being...
of persons.
- Following Him is seen as the only loving and rational choice one can make, since He is the One Source of all love and truth. If one is learning truth or doing good, it is from Him, whether it is consciously known or not.
- His direct instruction is found in the Word of the Old and New Testament, and the Word of His Second Coming, written through Emanuel SwedenborgEmanuel Swedenborgwas a Swedish scientist, philosopher, and theologian. He has been termed a Christian mystic by some sources, including the Encyclopædia Britannica online version, and the Encyclopedia of Religion , which starts its article with the description that he was a "Swedish scientist and mystic." Others...
, who was prepared mentally and spiritually by the Lord to receive the Revelation of the Lord's Holy Spirit, which reveals the answers to the mysteries of faith, leads into all truth, and speaks of the Father plainly.
- His direct instruction is found in the Word of the Old and New Testament, and the Word of His Second Coming, written through Emanuel Swedenborg
- Every one of us can become angels if we choose to stop doing evil actions and allow the Lord's presence to grow within us. All angels in Heaven and Devils in Hell were once people on earth.
- The Lord created us all to go to heaven, but He does not make anyone go there. We freely choose our eternal destiny.
- People of all faiths come into heaven if they have followed their beliefs sincerely and loved God and their neighbors. A person is seen as responsible for their reaction to the truth when it is made known to them. Those who love evil tend to choose to reject the truth, whereas those who love good choose to receive it openly.
- Those who go to Hell have chosen Hell because they enjoy Hellish delights, which in Hell are only allowed to be enjoyed as fantasy.
- The spiritual marriage of one man and woman does not end with death but continues in heaven to eternity. There, the two remain male and female as to form, and become one angel as to their soul. As a couple they live a life of useful service in the Lord's Heavenly Kingdom, which is perfected to eternity.
- This earth and all of nature is part of the Lord's Kingdom, and in nature we can see the Love and Wisdom of the Lord manifested, but not apart from written revelation.
- Much of the Bible is believed to have not only a literal sense, but a spiritual sense as well, which work together by means of correspondence (theology)Correspondence (theology)In theology, correspondence is the relationship between spiritual and natural realities, or between mental and physical realities.- Correspondence and esotericism :Pierre A...
. In other words, the Bible is seen as a kind of spiritual allegoryAllegoryAllegory is a demonstrative form of representation explaining meaning other than the words that are spoken. Allegory communicates its message by means of symbolic figures, actions or symbolic representation...
, which uses words as symbols that each point to a particular spiritual form or concept. On the deepest level the Bible is seen as a story of the Lord's internal life as it was when He was on earth.
- Members of the New Church believe the One God, Jesus Christ is the author of the Word of the Second Coming, not Swedenborg. Swedenborg was merely an instrument of the Lord, as he himself stated.
- The New Church is not seen as a denomination of traditional Christianity, but rather, the True Christianity, which the Lord has come to establish by means of His Holy Spirit, which leads into all truth.
History
In 1890, as a result of a disagreement over the divine authority of Swedenborg's writings, the General Church broke away from the General Convention of the Church of the New Jerusalem, also known as the Swedenborgian Church of North AmericaSwedenborgian Church of North America
The Swedenborgian Church in North America . The Administrative Offices of the denomination are located at 11 Highland Avenue, Newton, MA.-Beliefs:...
, which had itself been established in 1817. In 1999, the General Church had about 5,600 members, and the General Convention had about 2,600 members. By 2006, membership in the General Church had increased to 6,760.
Affiliated schools
Preschool Education (ages 3–5)- Bryn Athyn Church Preschool, Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania, USA
- Carmel New Church School, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada (junior kindergarten)
- Glenview New Church Preschool, Glenview, Illinois, USA
- Impaphala New Church Preschool, Eshowe, Natal, RSA
- Kainon Pre-primary School, Westville, Natal, RSA
- The New Church Preschool of the Diepkloof Society, Diepkloof, Gauteng, RSA
- Oak Arbor Church School, Rochester, Michigan, USA (pre K)
- Olivet New Church School, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada (pre K)
- Pittsburgh New Church School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA (pre K)
- New Church School Tema, Tema, Ghana (pre primary grades)
Elementary Education (ages 6–14)
- Bryn Athyn Church School, Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania, USA
- Carmel New Church School, Caryndale, Ontario, Canada
- Glenview New Church School, Glenview, Illinois, USA
- Kainon School, Westville, Natal, South Africa
- Kempton New Church School, Kempton, Pennsylvania, USA
- Oak Arbor School, Rochester, Michigan, USA
- New Church Preparatory School, Asakraka, Ghana
- New Church School Tema, Tema, Ghana
- Olivet New Church School, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
- Pittsburgh New Church School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Riunde New Church School, Kisii, Kenya
- Washington New Church School, Mitchellville, Maryland, USA
Secondary Education (ages 14–18)
- The Academy of the New Church Boys School, Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania, USA
- The Academy of the New Church Girls School, Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania, USA
- Carmel New Church Secondary School, Caryndale, Ontario, Canada
- Kempton New Church School, Kempton, Pennsylvania, USA
- Midwestern Academy, Glenview, Illinois, USA
- Washington New Church School, Mitchellville, Maryland, USA
Higher Education
- Bryn Athyn College of the New ChurchBryn Athyn CollegeBryn Athyn College is a small, private Christian liberal arts college located northeast of Philadelphia in the borough of Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania, a National Historic Landmark District...
, Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania, USA - Academy of the New Church Theological SchoolAcademy of the New Church Theological SchoolBryn Athyn College of the New Church Theological School is a seminary specializing in New Church theology and located in Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania....
, Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania, USA - Academy of the New Church Asia Missionary Course, Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania, USA
- Korea New Church Theological School
- New Jerusalem Theological Institute, Abidjan, Cote D’Ivoire
- South African Theological School
Other organizations
- British Academy Summer School
- Colchester New ChurchColchester New ChurchColchester New Church is located on 175-181 Maldon Road Colchester, CO3 3BLColchester New Church has as its theological basis the Old and New Testaments and the theological writings of Emanuel Swedenborg. Colchester New Church is part of the General Church of the New Jerusalem.-Doctrine:The two...
- New Church Education Society
Executive Bishops
- William Frederic PendletonWilliam Frederic PendletonWilliam Frederic Pendleton was the first Executive Bishop of the General Church of the New Jerusalem, in Bryn Athyn, PA.-Biography:...
(1845–1927) In office as of February 6, 1897. - Nathaniel Dandridge Pendleton (1865–1937) In office from June 15, 1916 to June 21, 1936.
- George deCharms (1889–1988) In office from June 21, 1936 to June 16, 1962
- Willard Dandridge Pendleton (1908–1998) In office from June 16, 1962 to June 8, 1976
- Louis Blair King (1925–2010)In office from June 8, 1976 to July 1, 1991
- Peter Martin Buss (1940– ) In office from July 1, 1991 to 2004.
- Thomas Leroy Kline (1948– ) In office from 2004–present.
See also
- Swedenborgianism
- Emanuel SwedenborgEmanuel Swedenborgwas a Swedish scientist, philosopher, and theologian. He has been termed a Christian mystic by some sources, including the Encyclopædia Britannica online version, and the Encyclopedia of Religion , which starts its article with the description that he was a "Swedish scientist and mystic." Others...
- Bryn Athyn CollegeBryn Athyn CollegeBryn Athyn College is a small, private Christian liberal arts college located northeast of Philadelphia in the borough of Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania, a National Historic Landmark District...
- Bryn Athyn CathedralBryn Athyn CathedralBryn Athyn Cathedral is the episcopal seat of The General Church of the New Jerusalem, a denomination of "The New Church." The main building is of the Early Gothic style, while the adjoining structures are of a transitional period reflective of a combination of both Gothic and Norman styles...
- Colchester New ChurchColchester New ChurchColchester New Church is located on 175-181 Maldon Road Colchester, CO3 3BLColchester New Church has as its theological basis the Old and New Testaments and the theological writings of Emanuel Swedenborg. Colchester New Church is part of the General Church of the New Jerusalem.-Doctrine:The two...
- New Church EducationNew Church EducationNew Church Education is a philosophy of education developed and practiced by the General Church of the New Jerusalem, one of the New Church or Swedenborgian sects...
External links
- Official website of the General Church of the New Jerusalem
- The General Church in England
- Statistical Profile of General Church of the New Jerusalem at ARDA
Further reading
- Swedenborg, Emanuel. The Apocalypse Explained. 6 vols. Translation revised by J. Whitehead. New York: Swedenborg Foundation, 1911–12.
- Arcana Coelestia. 12 vols. Translation revised and edited by J. F. Potts. New York: Swedenborg Foundation, 1905–1910.
- Conjugial Love. Translated by S. Warren, translation revised by L. Tafel. New York: Swedenborg Foundation, 1915.
- Divine Love and Wisdom. Translation revised by J. Ager. New York: Swedenborg Society, 1908.
- Divine Providence. Translated by W. Wunsch. New York: Swedenborg Foundation, 1963.
- Heaven and Hell. Translated by J. Ager, revised and edited by D. Harley. London: Swedenborg Society, 1958.
- The True Christian Religion. 2 vols. Translated by J. Ager. New York: Swedenborg Foundation, 1906.
- Ellis, John. Scetticismo e divina rivelazione con un indirizzo al clero. Nuova York: pubbl. dall'Autore, 1886.