GATA3
Encyclopedia
Trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3 is a protein
that in humans is encoded by the GATA3 gene
.
GATA-3 belongs to the GATA
family of transcription factor
s. The protein contains two GATA-type zinc finger
s and is an important regulator of T cell
development and plays an important role in endothelial cell biology. GATA-3 has been shown to promote the secretion of IL-4
, IL-5
, and IL-13
from Th2 cells
. GATA-3 was shown to be required for the luminal A type of breast cancer, intertwined in pathways with ERα
. However, it is also hypothesised that GATA-3 may play tissue specific roles .
with sensorineural deafness
and renal dysplasia
.
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
that in humans is encoded by the GATA3 gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
.
GATA-3 belongs to the GATA
GATA transcription factor
GATA transcription factors are a family of transcription factors characterized by their ability to bind to the DNA sequence "GATA".-Genes:* GATA1 * GATA2 * GATA3 * GATA4 * GATA5 * GATA6...
family of transcription factor
Transcription factor
In molecular biology and genetics, a transcription factor is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the flow of genetic information from DNA to mRNA...
s. The protein contains two GATA-type zinc finger
Zinc finger
Zinc fingers are small protein structural motifs that can coordinate one or more zinc ions to help stabilize their folds. They can be classified into several different structural families and typically function as interaction modules that bind DNA, RNA, proteins, or small molecules...
s and is an important regulator of T cell
T cell
T cells or T lymphocytes belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity. They can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells , by the presence of a T cell receptor on the cell surface. They are...
development and plays an important role in endothelial cell biology. GATA-3 has been shown to promote the secretion of IL-4
Interleukin 4
Interleukin-4, abbreviated IL-4, is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells to Th2 cells. Upon activation by IL-4, Th2 cells subsequently produce additional IL-4. The cell that initially produces IL-4, thus inducing Th0 differentiation, has not been identified, but recent...
, IL-5
Interleukin 5
Interleukin 5 or IL-5 is an interleukin produced by T helper-2 cells and mast cells. Its functions are to stimulate B cell growth and increase immunoglobulin secretion. It is also a key mediator in eosinophil activation. IL-5 is a 115-amino acid -long TH2 cytokine that is part of the...
, and IL-13
Interleukin 13
Interleukin 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IL13 gene. IL-13 is cytokine secreted by many cell types, but especially T helper type 2 cells, that is a mediator of allergic inflammation and disease.-Functions:...
from Th2 cells
T helper cell
T helper cells are a sub-group of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, that play an important role in the immune system, particularly in the adaptive immune system. These cells have no cytotoxic or phagocytic activity; they cannot kill infected host cells or pathogens. Rather, they help other...
. GATA-3 was shown to be required for the luminal A type of breast cancer, intertwined in pathways with ERα
Estrogen receptor alpha
Estrogen receptor alpha , also known as NR3A1 , is a nuclear receptor that is activated by the sex hormone estrogen...
. However, it is also hypothesised that GATA-3 may play tissue specific roles .
Clinical significance
Defects in this gene are the cause of hypoparathyroidismHypoparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism is decreased function of the parathyroid glands with under production of parathyroid hormone. This can lead to low levels of calcium in the blood, often causing cramping and twitching of muscles or tetany , and several other symptoms...
with sensorineural deafness
Sensorineural hearing loss
Sensorineural hearing loss is a type of hearing loss in which the root cause lies in the vestibulocochlear nerve , the inner ear, or central processing centers of the brain....
and renal dysplasia
Familial renal disease in animals
Familial renal disease is an uncommon cause of renal failure s in dogs and cats. Most causes are breed-related and some are inherited. Some are congenital . Renal dysplasia is a type of familial renal disease characterized by abnormal cellular differentiation of renal tissue...
.