Fermentative hydrogen production is the
fermentativeFermentation is the process of deriving energy from the oxidation of organic compounds, such as carbohydrates, using an endogenous electron acceptor, which is usually an organic compound. This is in contrast to cellular respiration, where electrons are donated to an exogenous electron acceptor,...
conversion of organic substrate to
biohydrogenBiohydrogen is hydrogen produced via biological processes. Biohydrogen is not the same as biological hydrogen produced by algae.-Fermentation:Biohydrogen gas can be extracted from biomass through dark fermentation and/or photofermentation by bacteria....
manifested by a diverse group
bacteriaThe bacteria are a large group of unicellular microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals...
using multi
enzymeEnzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates, and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, called the products. Almost all processes in a biological cell need enzymes to occur at...
systems involving three steps similar to
anaerobic conversionAnaerobic digestion is a series of processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen and is widely used to treat wastewater. As part of an integrated waste management system, anaerobic digestion reduces the emission of landfill gas into the atmosphere...
.
Dark fermentationDark fermentation is the fermentative conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen, it is a complex process manifested by diverse group of bacteria by a series of biochemical reactions involving three steps similar to anaerobic conversion...
reactions do not require light energy, so they are capable of constantly producing
hydrogenHydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly flammable diatomic gas with the molecular formula H
2...
from organic compounds throughout the day and night. Using
Synthetic biologySynthetic biology is a new area of biological research that combines science and engineering in order to design and build novel biological functions and systems.- History of the term :...
, the bacteria are usually genetically altered.
PhotofermentationPhotofermentation is the fermentative conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen manifested by a diverse group of photosynthetic bacteria by a series of biochemical reactions involving three steps similar to anaerobic conversion...
differs from
dark fermentationDark fermentation is the fermentative conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen, it is a complex process manifested by diverse group of bacteria by a series of biochemical reactions involving three steps similar to anaerobic conversion...
because it only proceeds in the presence of
lightLight is electromagnetic radiation, particularly radiation of a wavelength that is visible to the human eye ....
.
Fermentative hydrogen production is the
fermentativeFermentation is the process of deriving energy from the oxidation of organic compounds, such as carbohydrates, using an endogenous electron acceptor, which is usually an organic compound. This is in contrast to cellular respiration, where electrons are donated to an exogenous electron acceptor,...
conversion of organic substrate to
biohydrogenBiohydrogen is hydrogen produced via biological processes. Biohydrogen is not the same as biological hydrogen produced by algae.-Fermentation:Biohydrogen gas can be extracted from biomass through dark fermentation and/or photofermentation by bacteria....
manifested by a diverse group
bacteriaThe bacteria are a large group of unicellular microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals...
using multi
enzymeEnzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates, and the enzyme converts them into different molecules, called the products. Almost all processes in a biological cell need enzymes to occur at...
systems involving three steps similar to
anaerobic conversionAnaerobic digestion is a series of processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen and is widely used to treat wastewater. As part of an integrated waste management system, anaerobic digestion reduces the emission of landfill gas into the atmosphere...
.
Dark fermentationDark fermentation is the fermentative conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen, it is a complex process manifested by diverse group of bacteria by a series of biochemical reactions involving three steps similar to anaerobic conversion...
reactions do not require light energy, so they are capable of constantly producing
hydrogenHydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly flammable diatomic gas with the molecular formula H
2...
from organic compounds throughout the day and night. Using
Synthetic biologySynthetic biology is a new area of biological research that combines science and engineering in order to design and build novel biological functions and systems.- History of the term :...
, the bacteria are usually genetically altered.
PhotofermentationPhotofermentation is the fermentative conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen manifested by a diverse group of photosynthetic bacteria by a series of biochemical reactions involving three steps similar to anaerobic conversion...
differs from
dark fermentationDark fermentation is the fermentative conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen, it is a complex process manifested by diverse group of bacteria by a series of biochemical reactions involving three steps similar to anaerobic conversion...
because it only proceeds in the presence of
lightLight is electromagnetic radiation, particularly radiation of a wavelength that is visible to the human eye ....
.
ElectrohydrogenesisElectrohydrogenesis or biocatalyzed electrolysis is the name given to a process for generating hydrogen gas from organic matter being decomposed by bacteria. This process uses a modified fuel cell to contain the organic matter and water...
is used in
microbial fuel cellA microbial fuel cell or biological fuel cell is a bio-electrochemical system that drives a current by mimicking bacterial interactions found in nature...
s.
Bacteria strains
For example photo-fermentation with
Rhodobacter sphaeroidesRhodobacter sphaeroides is a kind of purple bacteria; a group of bacteria that can obtain energy through photosynthesis. It is remarkably metabolically diverse, as it is able to grow heterotrophically via fermentation and aerobic and anaerobic respiration...
SH2C can be employed to convert small molecular fatty acids into hydrogen.
See also
- Synthetic biology
Synthetic biology is a new area of biological research that combines science and engineering in order to design and build novel biological functions and systems.- History of the term :...
- Biohydrogen
Biohydrogen is hydrogen produced via biological processes. Biohydrogen is not the same as biological hydrogen produced by algae.-Fermentation:Biohydrogen gas can be extracted from biomass through dark fermentation and/or photofermentation by bacteria....
- Fermentation (biochemistry)
Fermentation is the process of deriving energy from the oxidation of organic compounds, such as carbohydrates, using an endogenous electron acceptor, which is usually an organic compound. This is in contrast to cellular respiration, where electrons are donated to an exogenous electron acceptor,...
- Hydrogen production
Hydrogen is commonly produced by extraction from hydrocarbon fossil fuels via a chemical path. Hydrogen may also be extracted from water via biological production in an algae bioreactor, or using electricity , chemicals or heat ; these methods are less developed for bulk generation in comparison...
External links