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Biohydrogen



 
 
Biohydrogen is hydrogen
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
 produced via biological process
Biological process

A biological process is a process of a living organism. Biological processes are made up of any number of chemical reactions or other events that results in a Chemical transformation....
es. Biohydrogen is not the same as biological hydrogen produced by algae.

ydrogen gas can be extracted from biomass
Biomass

Biomass, as a renewable energy source, refers to living and recently dead biological material that can be used as fuel or for industrial production....
 through dark fermentation
Dark fermentation

Dark fermentation is the Fermentation conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen, it is a complex process manifested by diverse group of bacteria by a series of biochemical reactions involving three steps similar to Anaerobic digestion....
 and/or photofermentation
Photofermentation

Photofermentation is the Fermentation conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen manifested by a diverse group of photosynthesis bacteria by a series of biochemical reactions involving three steps similar to Anaerobic digestion....
 by bacteria
Bacteria

The Bacteria are a large group of unicellular microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals....
.

lass="link1" onMouseover='showByLink("m8070165",this)' onMouseout='hide("m8070165")'href="http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Fermentative_hydrogen_production">Fermentative hydrogen production
Fermentative hydrogen production

Fermentative hydrogen production is the Fermentation conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen manifested by a diverse group bacteria using multi enzyme systems involving three steps similar to Anaerobic digestion....
 plants are proposed industrial
Industry

An industry is the manufacturing of a Good or Service within a category. Although industry is a broad term for any kind of economic production, in economics and urban planning industry is a synonym for the secondary sector, which is a type of economic activity involved in the manufacturing of raw materials into goods and products....
 plants for the production of hydrogen. They would typically involve processes such as thermophillic
Thermophile

A thermophile is an organism ? a type of extremophile ? that wikt:thrives at relatively high temperatures, between 45 and 80 ?C . Many thermophiles are archaea....
 fermentation
Fermentation (biochemistry)

Fermentation is the process of deriving energy from the Redox of organic compounds, such as carbohydrates, using an Endogeny electron acceptor, which is usually an organic compound....
, dark fermentation
Dark fermentation

Dark fermentation is the Fermentation conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen, it is a complex process manifested by diverse group of bacteria by a series of biochemical reactions involving three steps similar to Anaerobic digestion....
 and/or photofermentation
Photofermentation

Photofermentation is the Fermentation conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen manifested by a diverse group of photosynthesis bacteria by a series of biochemical reactions involving three steps similar to Anaerobic digestion....
 and gas cleaning.






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Encyclopedia


Biohydrogen is hydrogen
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the chemical symbol H. At standard temperature and pressure, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless, nonmetallic, tasteless, highly combustion and explosive Diatomic molecule gas with the molecular formula H2....
 produced via biological process
Biological process

A biological process is a process of a living organism. Biological processes are made up of any number of chemical reactions or other events that results in a Chemical transformation....
es. Biohydrogen is not the same as biological hydrogen produced by algae.

Fermentation

Biohydrogen gas can be extracted from biomass
Biomass

Biomass, as a renewable energy source, refers to living and recently dead biological material that can be used as fuel or for industrial production....
 through dark fermentation
Dark fermentation

Dark fermentation is the Fermentation conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen, it is a complex process manifested by diverse group of bacteria by a series of biochemical reactions involving three steps similar to Anaerobic digestion....
 and/or photofermentation
Photofermentation

Photofermentation is the Fermentation conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen manifested by a diverse group of photosynthesis bacteria by a series of biochemical reactions involving three steps similar to Anaerobic digestion....
 by bacteria
Bacteria

The Bacteria are a large group of unicellular microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a wide range of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals....
.

Fermentation plants

Fermentative hydrogen production
Fermentative hydrogen production

Fermentative hydrogen production is the Fermentation conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen manifested by a diverse group bacteria using multi enzyme systems involving three steps similar to Anaerobic digestion....
 plants are proposed industrial
Industry

An industry is the manufacturing of a Good or Service within a category. Although industry is a broad term for any kind of economic production, in economics and urban planning industry is a synonym for the secondary sector, which is a type of economic activity involved in the manufacturing of raw materials into goods and products....
 plants for the production of hydrogen. They would typically involve processes such as thermophillic
Thermophile

A thermophile is an organism ? a type of extremophile ? that wikt:thrives at relatively high temperatures, between 45 and 80 ?C . Many thermophiles are archaea....
 fermentation
Fermentation (biochemistry)

Fermentation is the process of deriving energy from the Redox of organic compounds, such as carbohydrates, using an Endogeny electron acceptor, which is usually an organic compound....
, dark fermentation
Dark fermentation

Dark fermentation is the Fermentation conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen, it is a complex process manifested by diverse group of bacteria by a series of biochemical reactions involving three steps similar to Anaerobic digestion....
 and/or photofermentation
Photofermentation

Photofermentation is the Fermentation conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen manifested by a diverse group of photosynthesis bacteria by a series of biochemical reactions involving three steps similar to Anaerobic digestion....
 and gas cleaning. Biohydrogen production can also involve an element of anaerobic digestion
Anaerobic digestion

Anaerobic digestion is a series of processes in which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. It is widely used to treat wastewater sludges and biodegradable waste because it provides volume and mass reduction of the input material....
 where the methane
Methane

Methane is a chemical compound with the molecular formula . It is the simplest alkane, and the principal component of natural gas. Methane's bond angles are 109.5 degrees....
 from biogas
Biogas

Bio-gas typically refers to a gas produced by the biological breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Biogas originates from biogenic material and is a type of biofuel....
 is converted through steam reforming
Steam reforming

Steam reforming , hydrogen reforming or catalytic oxidation, is a method of producing hydrogen from hydrocarbons. On an industrial scale, it is the dominant method for producing hydrogen....
 into hydrogen.. Biohydrogen produced from organic waste materials is a promising alternatives for a sustainable energy sources.

Hydrogen can be produced by bacterial species such as Rhodobacter sphaeroides
Rhodobacteraceae

The Rhodobacteraceae are a family of proteobacteria, given their own order within the alpha subgroup.In alpha taxonomy, the Rhodobacteraceae are a family of the Rhodobacterales....
 and Enterobacter cloacae
Enterobacter

Enterobacter is a genus of common Gram-negative, Facultative anaerobic organism, bacillus bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Several strains of the these bacteria are pathogen and cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts....
.. Biohydrogen is always and in no other way produced through dark fermentation
Dark fermentation

Dark fermentation is the Fermentation conversion of organic substrate to biohydrogen, it is a complex process manifested by diverse group of bacteria by a series of biochemical reactions involving three steps similar to Anaerobic digestion....
 either by mix culture of hydrogen producing sludge or pure culture of anaerobic bacteria such as Clostridium butyricum.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells, also known as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells , are a type of fuel cell being developed for transport applications as well as for stationary fuel cell applications and portable fuel cell applications....
s (PEMFC) are the essential technology that made possible the conversion of the energy content in biohydrogen to electricity.

See also

  • Biological hydrogen production (Algae)
  • Photobiology
    Photobiology

    Photobiology is the scientific study of the interactions of light and living organisms. The field includes the study of photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis, visual system, circadian rhythms, bioluminescence, and ultraviolet radiation effects....
  • Electrohydrogenesis
    Electrohydrogenesis

    Electrohydrogenesis or biocatalyzed electrolysis is the name given to a process for generating hydrogen gas from organic matter being decomposed by bacteria....
  • Microbial fuel cell
    Microbial fuel cell

    A microbial fuel cell or biological fuel cell is a bio-electrochemical system that drives a Electric current by mimicking bacterial interactions found in nature....
  • Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus


External links

  • from The Complete Biogas Handbook