Fengtan Dam
Encyclopedia
The Fengtan Dam is an arch-gravity dam
on the You River
, located 48 km (30 mi) southeast of Zhangjiajie
in Hunan Province, China. The purpose of the multi-purpose dam is flood control, irrigation, power generation and navigation
. The dam has a power station with an installed capacity of 800 MW and provides water for the irrigation of 44 km² (17 sq mi). Construction on the dam began in 1970 and the first generator was operational in 1978. All four of the original generators were operational by 1979. A power plant expansion project began in 2001 and in 2004 two additional 200 MW generators were commissioned.
and withholds a reservoir with a capacity of 1740000000 cubic metre. The dam's spillway
is located on its downstream face and consists of 13 chutes controlled by radial gates. Six of the chutes have their flip buckets mid-way on the face of the dam while the seven others are on the lower portion. The original power house is located within the left side of the dam near the abutment and contains four 100 MW Francis turbine
-generators. The turbines are afforded a rated hydraulic head
of 78 m (256 ft) and are each supplied water via a 5.6 m (18 ft) diameter penstock
. On the dam's right bank, there is a 50 ton boat lift
which is also used to move lumber as well.
Arch-gravity dam
An arch-gravity dam, curved-gravity dam or arched dam is a dam with the characteristics of both an arch dam and a gravity dam. It is a dam that curves upstream in a narrowing curve that directs most of the water against the canyon rock walls, providing the force to compress the dam...
on the You River
You River
The You River may refer to different rivers within China.* The You River is a tributary of the Yongjiang in Guangxi Province in southern China.* The You River was a Song-dynasty river in northern China....
, located 48 km (30 mi) southeast of Zhangjiajie
Zhangjiajie
Zhangjiajie is a prefecture-level city in the northwestern part of Hunan province in China. It comprises the district of Yongding and counties of Cili and Sangzhi...
in Hunan Province, China. The purpose of the multi-purpose dam is flood control, irrigation, power generation and navigation
Navigability
A body of water, such as a river, canal or lake, is navigable if it is deep, wide and slow enough for a vessel to pass. Preferably there are few obstructions such as rocks or trees to avoid. Bridges must have sufficient clearance. High water speed may make a channel unnavigable. Waters may be...
. The dam has a power station with an installed capacity of 800 MW and provides water for the irrigation of 44 km² (17 sq mi). Construction on the dam began in 1970 and the first generator was operational in 1978. All four of the original generators were operational by 1979. A power plant expansion project began in 2001 and in 2004 two additional 200 MW generators were commissioned.
Design
The Fengtan is a 112.5 m (369 ft) tall and 488 m (1,601 ft) long (at the crest) arch-gravity dam. Its base arch length is 200 m (656 ft) and the dam has a curve radius of 243 m (797 ft). The base width of the dam is 65.5 m (215 ft). The crest sits at an elevation of 211.5 m (694 ft) above sea level while normal reservoir elevation is 205 m (673 ft). The dam sits at the head of a 17400 km² (6,718 sq mi) catchment areaDrainage basin
A drainage basin is an extent or an area of land where surface water from rain and melting snow or ice converges to a single point, usually the exit of the basin, where the waters join another waterbody, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea, or ocean...
and withholds a reservoir with a capacity of 1740000000 cubic metre. The dam's spillway
Spillway
A spillway is a structure used to provide the controlled release of flows from a dam or levee into a downstream area, typically being the river that was dammed. In the UK they may be known as overflow channels. Spillways release floods so that the water does not overtop and damage or even destroy...
is located on its downstream face and consists of 13 chutes controlled by radial gates. Six of the chutes have their flip buckets mid-way on the face of the dam while the seven others are on the lower portion. The original power house is located within the left side of the dam near the abutment and contains four 100 MW Francis turbine
Francis turbine
The Francis turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by James B. Francis in Lowell, Massachusetts. It is an inward-flow reaction turbine that combines radial and axial flow concepts....
-generators. The turbines are afforded a rated hydraulic head
Hydraulic head
Hydraulic head or piezometric head is a specific measurement of water pressure above a geodetic datum. It is usually measured as a water surface elevation, expressed in units of length, at the entrance of a piezometer...
of 78 m (256 ft) and are each supplied water via a 5.6 m (18 ft) diameter penstock
Penstock
A penstock is a sluice or gate or intake structure that controls water flow, or an enclosed pipe that delivers water to hydraulic turbines and sewerage systems. It is a term that has been inherited from the technology of wooden watermills....
. On the dam's right bank, there is a 50 ton boat lift
Boat lift
A boat lift, ship lift, or lift lock is a machine for transporting boats between water at two different elevations, and is an alternative to the canal lock and the canal inclined plane....
which is also used to move lumber as well.