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Eugenol
 
 
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Eugenol (C10H12O2), is an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol
Guaiacol

Guaiacol is a naturally occurring organic compound with the Chemical formula C6H4. This colourless aromatic oil is derived from guaiacum or wood creosote....
. Eugenol is a member of the phenylpropanoid
Phenylpropanoid

Phenylpropanoids are a class of plant-derived organic compounds that are biosynthesized from the amino acid phenylalanine. They have a wide variety of functions, including defense against Herbivory, microbial attack, or other sources of injury; as structural components of cell walls; as protection from ultraviolet light; as pigments; and as...
s class of chemical compounds. It is a clear to pale yellow oily liquid extracted from certain essential oil
Essential oil

An essential oil is a concentrated, hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants. They are also known as volatile or ethereal oils, or simply as the "oil of" the plant material from which they were extracted, such as oil of clove....
s especially from clove
Clove

Cloves are the aromatic dried flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae. Cloves are native to Indonesia and used as a spice in cuisine all over the world....
 oil, nutmeg
Nutmeg

The nutmegs Myristica are a genus of evergreen trees indigenous to tropical southeast Asia and Australasia. They are important for two spices derived from the fruit, nutmeg and mace....
, cinnamon
Cinnamon

Cinnamon is a small evergreen tree 10?15 metres tall, belonging to the family Lauraceae, and is native to Sri Lanka.The leaf are ovate-oblong in shape, 7?18 cm long....
, and bay leaf
Bay leaf

Bay leaf , Greek Daphni, Romanian Dafin, Portuguese Louro; is the aromatic leaf of several species of the Laurel family . Fresh or dried bay leaves are used in cooking for their distinctive flavor and fragrance....
. It is slightly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvent
Solvent

A solvent is a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution.The most common solvent in everyday life is water....
s. It has a pleasant, spicy, clove-like aroma.

The name comes from a scientific name for the clove
Clove

Cloves are the aromatic dried flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae. Cloves are native to Indonesia and used as a spice in cuisine all over the world....
, Eugenia aromaticum or Eugenia caryophyllata.






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Eugenol (C10H12O2), is an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol
Guaiacol

Guaiacol is a naturally occurring organic compound with the Chemical formula C6H4. This colourless aromatic oil is derived from guaiacum or wood creosote....
. Eugenol is a member of the phenylpropanoid
Phenylpropanoid

Phenylpropanoids are a class of plant-derived organic compounds that are biosynthesized from the amino acid phenylalanine. They have a wide variety of functions, including defense against Herbivory, microbial attack, or other sources of injury; as structural components of cell walls; as protection from ultraviolet light; as pigments; and as...
s class of chemical compounds. It is a clear to pale yellow oily liquid extracted from certain essential oil
Essential oil

An essential oil is a concentrated, hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants. They are also known as volatile or ethereal oils, or simply as the "oil of" the plant material from which they were extracted, such as oil of clove....
s especially from clove
Clove

Cloves are the aromatic dried flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae. Cloves are native to Indonesia and used as a spice in cuisine all over the world....
 oil, nutmeg
Nutmeg

The nutmegs Myristica are a genus of evergreen trees indigenous to tropical southeast Asia and Australasia. They are important for two spices derived from the fruit, nutmeg and mace....
, cinnamon
Cinnamon

Cinnamon is a small evergreen tree 10?15 metres tall, belonging to the family Lauraceae, and is native to Sri Lanka.The leaf are ovate-oblong in shape, 7?18 cm long....
, and bay leaf
Bay leaf

Bay leaf , Greek Daphni, Romanian Dafin, Portuguese Louro; is the aromatic leaf of several species of the Laurel family . Fresh or dried bay leaves are used in cooking for their distinctive flavor and fragrance....
. It is slightly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvent
Solvent

A solvent is a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution.The most common solvent in everyday life is water....
s. It has a pleasant, spicy, clove-like aroma.

The name comes from a scientific name for the clove
Clove

Cloves are the aromatic dried flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae. Cloves are native to Indonesia and used as a spice in cuisine all over the world....
, Eugenia aromaticum or Eugenia caryophyllata. Eugenol is responsible for the aroma of cloves. It is the main component in the essential oil
Essential oil

An essential oil is a concentrated, hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds from plants. They are also known as volatile or ethereal oils, or simply as the "oil of" the plant material from which they were extracted, such as oil of clove....
 extracted from cloves, comprising 72-90% of the total.

Modern uses

Eugenol is used in perfume
Perfume

Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils and aroma compounds, fixatives, and solvents used to give the human body, animals, objects, and living spaces a pleasant smell....
ries, flavorings, essential oils and in medicine as a local antiseptic
Antiseptic

Antiseptics are antimicrobials that are applied to living biological tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction....
 and anesthetic. It is a key ingredient in Indonesia
Indonesia

The Republic of Indonesia , is a transcontinental country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Comprising Islands of Indonesia, it is the world's largest Archipelago state....
n kretek (clove)
Kretek

Kretek are cigarettes made with a complex blend of tobacco, cloves and a flavoring 'sauce'. The word "kretek" itself is an onomatopoeia term for the crackling sound of burning cloves....
 cigarette
Cigarette

A cigarette is a product consumed through smoking and manufactured out of curing and finely cut tobacco leaves and reconstituted tobacco, often combined with other List of additives in cigarettes, then rolled or stuffed into a paper-wrapped cylinder ....
s. It was used in the production of isoeugenol for the manufacture of vanillin
Vanillin

Vanillin, methyl vanillin, or 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C8H8O3....
, though most vanillin
Vanillin

Vanillin, methyl vanillin, or 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C8H8O3....
 is now produced from phenol
Phenol

Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is a toxic, white crystalline solid with a sweet tarry odor, commonly referred to as a "hospital smell"....
 or from lignin
Lignin

Lignin or lignen is a complex chemical compound most commonly derived from wood, and an integral part of the secondary cell walls of plants and some algae....
.

When mixed with zinc oxide
Zinc oxide

Zinc oxide is an inorganic compound with the Chemical formula ZnO. It usually appears as a white powder, nearly insoluble in water. The powder is widely used as an additive into numerous materials and products including plastics, ceramics, glass, cement, rubber , lubricants, paints, ointments, adhesives, sealants, pigments, foods , batteries,...
, zinc oxide eugenol
Zinc Oxide Eugenol

Combining zinc oxide and eugenol forms zinc oxide eugenol which can be used as a filling or cement material in dentistry. It is often used in dentistry when the decay is very deep or very close to the nerve or pulp chamber....
 forms which has restorative
Dental restoration

A dental restoration or dental filling is a dental restorative material used to restore the function, integrity and Comparative anatomy of missing tooth structure....
 and prosthodontic
Prosthodontics

Prosthodontics is one of nine dental specialties recognized by the American Dental Association, Royal College of Dentists of Canada, and Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons....
 applications in dentistry
Dentistry

Dentistry is the known evaluation, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the mouth, maxillofacial area and the adjacent and associated structures and their impact on the human body....
.

Eugenol derivatives or methoxyphenol derivatives in wider classification are used in perfumery and flavoring. They are used in formulating insect attractants and UV absorbers, analgesics, biocide
Biocide

A biocide is a chemical substance capable of killing life, usually in a selective way. Biocides are commonly used in medicine, agriculture, forestry, and in industry where they prevent the fouling of water and oil pipelines....
s, and antiseptic
Antiseptic

Antiseptics are antimicrobials that are applied to living biological tissue/skin to reduce the possibility of infection, sepsis, or putrefaction....
s. They are also used in manufacturing stabilizers and antioxidant
Antioxidant

An antioxidant is a molecule capable of slowing or preventing the Redox of other molecules. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that transfers electrons from a substance to an oxidizing agent....
s for plastic
Plastic

Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic chemistry solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products....
s and rubber
Rubber

Natural rubber is an elastomer?an Elasticity_ hydrocarbon polymer?that was originally derived from a milky colloidal suspension, or latex , found in the sap of some plants....
s. Although attempts have been made to develop eugenol derivatives for intravenous injection, such as propanidid
Propanidid

Propanidid is an ultra short-acting phenylacetate general anesthetic. It was originally introduced by Bayer but anaphylactic reactions caused it to be withdrawn shortly afterwards....
 and G.29.505, there were unacceptable consequences in certain people. Clove oil is growing in popularity as an anaesthetic for use on aquarium fish.

It is one of many compounds that is attractive to males of various species of orchid bees, who apparently gather the chemical to synthesize pheromones; it is commonly used as bait to attract and collect these bees for study.

Toxicity

Overdose is possible, causing a wide range of symptoms from blood in the patient's urine, to convulsion
Convulsion

A convulsion is a medical condition where body muscles contract and relax rapidly and repeatedly, resulting in an uncontrolled shaking of the body....
s, diarrhea
Diarrhea

In medicine, diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea , is characterized by frequent loose or liquid bowel movements. The spelling of "diarrhea" is an appropriation of the Greek "diarrhoia" meaning "a flowing through." ....
, nausea
Nausea

Nausea is the sensation of unease and discomfort in the stomach with an urge to vomit....
, unconsciousness
Unconsciousness

Unconsciousness, more appropriately referred to as loss of consciousness or lack of consciousness, is a dramatic alteration of mental state that involves complete or near-complete lack of responsiveness to people and other environmental stimuli....
, dizziness
Dizziness

Dizziness describes a number of subjective symptoms, which the patient may describe as feelings of lightheadedness, floating, wooziness, giddiness, confusion, disorientation or loss of balance....
, or rapid heartbeat
Heart rate

Heart rate is a measure of the number of heart beats per minute . The average resting human heart rate is about 70 bpm for adult males and 75 bpm for adult females....
. Eugenol may cause allergic contact dermatitis with the skin.

Health & Safety information

Eugenol should be avoided by people with perfume allergy.

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